From days to hours: Can MALDI-TOF MS system replace both conventional and molecular typing methods with new cut off level for Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus faecium

2019 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumeyra Savas ◽  
Gulsen Hazirolan ◽  
Alper Karagoz ◽  
Mehmet Parlak
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Candela ◽  
Manuel J Arroyo ◽  
Angela Sanchez-Molleda ◽  
Gema Méndez ◽  
David Rodriguez-Temporal ◽  
...  

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium has become a health threat over the last 20 years due to its ability to rapidly spread and cause outbreaks in hospital settings. Although MALDI-TOF MS has already demonstrated its usefulness for accurate identification of E. faecium, its implementation for antimicrobial resistance detection is still under evaluation. The reproducibility of MALDI-TOF MS for peak analysis and its performance for correct discrimination of vancomycin susceptible isolates (VSE) from those hosting the VanA and VanB resistance mechanisms was evaluated in this study. For the first goal, intra-spot, inter-spot -technical- and inter-day -biological- reproducibility was assayed. The capability of MALDI-TOF to discriminate VSE isolates from VanA VRE and VanB VRE strains was carried out on protein spectra from 178 E. faecium unique clinical isolates -92 VSE, 31 VanA VRE, 55 VanB VRE-, processed with Clover MS Data Analysis software. Unsupervised (Principal Component Analysis –PCA-) and supervised algorithms (Support Vector Machine -SVM-, Random Forest -RF- and Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis -PLS-DA-) were applied. The reproducibility assay showed lower variability for normalized data (p<0.0001) and for the peaks within the 3000-9000 m/z range. Besides, 80.9%, 79.21% and 77.53% VSE vs VRE (VanA + VanB) discrimination was achieved by applying SVM, RF and PLS-DA, respectively. Correct differentiation of VanA from VanB VRE isolates was obtained by SVM in 86.65% cases. The implementation MALDI-TOF MS and peak analysis could represent a rapid and effective tool for VRE screening. However, further improvements are needed to increase the accuracy of this approach.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 661
Author(s):  
Adriana Calderaro ◽  
Mirko Buttrini ◽  
Monica Martinelli ◽  
Benedetta Farina ◽  
Tiziano Moro ◽  
...  

Typing methods are needed for epidemiological tracking of new emerging and hypervirulent strains because of the growing incidence, severity and mortality of Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI). The aim of this study was the evaluation of a typing Matrix-Assisted Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS (T-MALDI)) method for the rapid classification of the circulating C. difficile strains in comparison with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-ribotyping results. Among 95 C. difficile strains, 10 ribotypes (PR1–PR10) were identified by PCR-ribotyping. In particular, 93.7% of the isolates (89/95) were grouped in five ribotypes (PR1–PR5). For T-MALDI, two classifying algorithm models (CAM) were tested: the first CAM involved all 10 ribotypes whereas the second one only the PR1–PR5 ribotypes. Better performance was obtained using the second CAM: recognition capability of 100%, cross-validation of 96.6% and agreement of 98.4% (60 correctly typed strains, limited to PR1–PR5 classification, out of 61 examined strains) with PCR-ribotyping results. T-MALDI seems to represent an alternative to PCR-ribotyping in terms of reproducibility, set up time and costs, as well as a useful tool in epidemiological investigation for the detection of C. difficile clusters (either among CAM included ribotypes or out-of-CAM ribotypes) involved in outbreaks.


2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-313
Author(s):  
B. Horváth ◽  
F. Peles ◽  
A. Szél ◽  
R. Sipos ◽  
Á. Erős ◽  
...  

The aim of the study was the identification and characterisation of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus bacteria obtained from food matrices by mass spectrometry and molecular methods. A total of 46 coagulase-positive Staphylococcus isolates were collected from different foodstuffs. The Staphylococcus isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and confirmed by the presence and sequence analysis of the Staphylococcus protein A gene. Staphylococcal enterotoxin genes were also investigated by multiplex PCR. Based on the identification of strains by the MALDI-TOF MS technique and spa-typing, all strains were identified as Staphylococcus aureus. Based on their MS peak profiles, the isolates matched the spectra of three S. aureus reference strains in the Bruker MALDI Biotyper database, with identification scores higher than 1.999 in the case of all 46 (100%) isolates. The isolates showed great genetic variability. Twenty spa types were identified, from which most lineages are capable of colonizing humans. Fifty percent of the strains harboured at least one of four enterotoxin genes (seg, seh, sei, and ser), but none of the classical enterotoxin genes could be detected.


Author(s):  
Silpak Biswas ◽  
Frédérique Gouriet ◽  
Jean-Marc Rolain

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Celia María Beatriz Schell

Enterococcus spp. es flora habitual de la microbiota intestinal de humanos y animales, así como importantes patógenos nosocomiales. Desde principios del siglo XX, se conoce que causan infecciones en humanos. Enterococcus faecalis y Enterococcus faecium son las especies más relevantes clínicamente, particularmente en infecciones invasivas humanas. Estas especies se consideran patógenas oportunistas, ya que las infecciones graves se han asociado principalmente a pacientes inmunocomprometidos. Las infecciones invasivas causadas por enterococos pueden tener un origen alóctono o endógeno. Además, los enterococos presentan resistencia intrínseca a varios antibióticos, como los β-lactámicos, trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol y los aminoglucósidos que podrían mejorar su selección en el tracto gastrointestinal humano. E. faecium y E. faecalis han adquirido resistencia a la mayoría de las familias de antibióticos utilizados en terapia humana, en las últimas tres décadas. Esto llevó a la selección de clones enterocócicos resistentes a múltiples fármacos, lo que complica enormemente el tratamiento antimicrobiano, particularmente en el caso de infecciones graves. La adquisición de resistencia a vancomicina, una de las opciones terapéuticas de primera línea para las infecciones por enterococos, es uno de los problemas más preocupantes para la salud humana. El primer enterococo vancomicina resistente (EVR) reportado en América Latina fue una cepa de E. faecium de Argentina en 1998. Posteriormente, se realizaron estudios epidemiológicos para detectar EVR en diferentes hospitales de Argentina. El linaje clonal más frecuente de E. faecium vancomicina resistente (EFMVR) que circula en los hospitales argentinos parece ser el ST17. Se han realizado varios estudios de vigilancia epidemiológica aplicando técnicas moleculares en nuestro país, sin embargo se limitan principalmente a cepas EVR. No hay documentación de los perfiles de resistencia a los antimicrobianos y de la estructura poblacional de E. faecalis y E. faecium aislados de infecciones invasivas humanas en el Hospital Público de Tandil, Argentina hasta la fecha. El objetivo general de este trabajo de tesis fue caracterizar fenotípicamente y genotípicamente Enterococcus spp. aislados de líquidos obtenidos por punción, de infecciones invasivas humanas, de pacientes ingresados en el Hospital Municipal Ramón Santamarina (HMRS) de Tandil. Además, el segundo objetivo general fue detectar la resistencia a los antimicrobianos y evaluar in vitro varias opciones terapéuticas en enterococos resistentes a múltiples fármacos (MDR). Las cepas de Enterococcus spp. se recuperaron de forma retro-prospectiva a través de un estudio transversal a partir de infecciones invasivas de pacientes hospitalizados en el HMRS entre 2010 y 2014. Todas las cepas fueron identificadas con métodos convencionales fenotípicos y confirmadas por MALDI TOF-MS. Cuarenta y cuatro fueron identificadas como E. faecalis (69,8 %) y 19 como E. faecium (30,2 %). La caracterización molecular y la relación clonal se determinaron mediante electroforesis en gel de campo pulsado (PFGE) y tipificación de secuencias multilocus (MLST). La susceptibilidad a 15 antimicrobianos ampicilina, penicilina, ampicilina/sulbactam, cloranfenicol, vancomicina, teicoplanina, estreptomicina (resistencia de alto nivel: RAN), gentamicina (RAN), ciprofloxacina, levofloxacina, quinupristin-dalfopristin, clindamicina, eritromicina, linezolid y tigeciclina fue determinada por el método de difusión de disco y por concentraciones inhibitorias mínimas (CIM). El genotipo de resistencia a glucopéptidos fue determinado por PCR. La actividad antimicrobiana se evaluó in vitro mediante estudios de cinética de muerte utilizando curvas de letalidad. Este trabajo de tesis contribuye a generar conocimiento para continuar avanzando en la temática de la resistencia antimicrobiana y su estrategia de control en Argentina en el contexto de “Una Salud’’. Además, reconoce que, la detección y el control epidemiológico de los enterococos MDR es necesario realizarlo tanto en reservorios humanos como no humanos, para evitar su diseminación e impacto en salud pública.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1283
Author(s):  
Marie-Gladys Robert ◽  
Muriel Cornet ◽  
Aurélie Hennebique ◽  
Tahinamandranto Rasamoelina ◽  
Yvan Caspar ◽  
...  

The implementation of MALDI-TOF MS in medical microbiology laboratories has revolutionized practices and significantly reduced turnaround times of identification processes. However, although bacteriology quickly benefited from the contributions of this technique, adjustments were necessary to accommodate the specific characteristics of fungi. MALDI-TOF MS is now an indispensable tool in clinical mycology laboratories, both for the identification of yeasts and filamentous fungi, and other innovative uses are gradually emerging. Based on the practical experience of our medical mycology laboratory, this review will present the current uses of MALDI-TOF MS and the adaptations we implemented, to allow their practical execution in a daily routine. We will also introduce some less mainstream applications, like those for fungemia, or even still under development, as is the case for the determination of sensitivity to antifungal agents or typing methods.


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