A potential ferromagnetic lanthanide‒transition heterometallic molecular‒based bacteriostatic agent

Chlorhexidine gluconate is a chemical antiseptic that is effective against Gram positive and negative bacteria and on certain viruses and fungi. A bacteriocidal and bacteriostatic agent, this cationic drug is absorbed on to negatively charged cell surfaces of organisms, disrupting the cell membrane, which results in increased permeability. Its use is mainly topical as a surgical hand antisepsis, site preparation/cleansing and for pre-genitourinary procedures such as urethral catheterisation. Like any drug, caution should be employed with its use as hypersensitivity reactions are being documented increasingly in the medical literature. In the following case, we present a patient who was catheterised with the chlorhexidine containing Instillagel® (CliniMed, High Wycombe, UK), prior to undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery.

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Investigation of Ligustrum lucidum Ait. Seeds Extract as Green Corrosion Inhibitors and Bacteriostatic Agent

Proceedings of the 2016 5th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Computer Science ◽

10.2991/icamcs-16.2016.198 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Qiang Deng

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Inhibitors ◽

Ligustrum Lucidum ◽

Bacteriostatic Agent ◽

Green Corrosion Inhibitors

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Cytochromes c Constitute a Layer of Protection against Nitric Oxide but Not Nitrite

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01255-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 84 (17) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Qiu Meng ◽

Yijuan Sun ◽

Haichun Gao

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Shewanella Oneidensis ◽

Main Role ◽

Content Type ◽

Environmental Bacterium ◽

Enzymatic Systems ◽

Bacteriostatic Agent ◽

Protective Proteins

ABSTRACT Nitric oxide (NO) is a radical gas that reacts with various biological molecules in complex ways to inhibit growth as a bacteriostatic agent. NO is nearly ubiquitous because it can be generated both biotically and abiotically. To protect the cell from NO damage, bacteria have evolved many strategies, with the production of detoxifying enzymatic systems being the most efficient. Here, we report that c-type cytochromes (cytochromes c) constitute a primary NO protection system in Shewanella oneidensis, a Gram-negative environmental bacterium renowned for respiratory versatility due to its high cytochrome c content. By using mutants producing cytochromes c at varying levels, we found that the content of these proteins is inversely correlated with the growth inhibition imposed by NO, whereas the effect of each individual cytochrome c is negligible. This NO-protecting system has no effect on nitrite inhibition. In the absence of cytochromes c, other NO targets and protective proteins, such as NnrS, emerge to show physiological influences during the NO stress. We further demonstrate that cytochromes c also play a similar role in Escherichia coli, albeit only modestly. Our data thus identify the in vivo function of an important group of proteins in alleviating NO stress. IMPORTANCE It is widely accepted that the antibacterial effects of nitrite are attributable to nitric oxide (NO) formation, suggesting a correlation of bacterial susceptibilities to these two chemicals. However, compared to E. coli, S. oneidensis is highly sensitive to nitrite but resistant to NO, implying the presence of robust NO-protective systems. Here, we show that c-type cytochromes (cytochromes c) play a main role in protecting S. oneidensis against damages from NO but not from nitrite. In their absence, impacts of proteins that promote NO tolerance and that are targets of NO inhibition become evident. Our data thus reveal the specific activity of cytochromes c in alleviating the stress caused by NO but not nitrite.

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HAZARDS OF LAUNDRY PRODUCTS USED IN THE NEWBORN NURSERY

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.48.6.988 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 988-989

Author(s):

Sumner J. Yaffe ◽

Charles W. Bierman ◽

Howard M. Cann ◽

Arnold P. Gold ◽

Frederic M. Kenney ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Newborn Infants ◽

Direct Proof ◽

The United States ◽

Maternity Hospital ◽

Full Term ◽

Accidental Poisoning ◽

Severe Illness ◽

Term Newborn ◽

Health Agencies ◽

Bacteriostatic Agent

Published reports and unpublished communications to the Committee on Drugs of the American Academy of Pediatrics indicate that substances potentially hazardous to the premature and full-term newborn infant continue to be used in the laundering of clothing, diapers, and bedding for hospital nurseries. In 1962 the Subcommittee on Accidental Poisoning called attention to occurrences of methemoglobinemia in premature and full-term newborn infants whose diapers were autoclaved after a final laundry rinse with the bacteriostatic agent, 3-4-4' trichlorocarbanilide (TCC).1 Subsequent reports in the pediatric literature confirmed and added to these "epidemics" of neonatal methemoglobinemia2-4 and suggested that aniline–a wellknown cause of methemoglobinemia5–resulting from the break-down of TCC during autoclaving, was absorbed from diapers and other nursery clothing through the skin of the infants. Although direct proof of the etiologic role of TCC is lacking, the association is of sufficient concern that the forthcoming Academy manual, Standards and Recommendations for Hospital Care of Newborn Infants, Second Edition, makes reference to the hazards of using TCC. Although a limited and informal survey of hospital nurseries in the United States and Canada indicates that most hospital laundry procedures have abandoned TCC in treating clothing and bed linens of newborn infants, sporadic instances of neonatal methemoglobinemia associated with exposure to this substance still come to the attention of local, state, and national health agencies, manufacturers, and the Committee on Drugs. In 1967, deaths and severe illness occurred in epidemic form in the newborn nursery of a small Midwestern maternity hospital.6 Investigation revealed that the sodium salt of pentachlorophenol (PCP)— which was present in the antimicrobial neutralizer product used in the final rinse of the laundry process for diapers, infant undershirts, and crib linens for the nursery–intoxicated babies by percutaneous absorption.7

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Antibacterial activity ofLitsea cubebaessential oil and its mechanism againstBotrytis cinerea

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c9ra05338g ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (50) ◽

pp. 28987-28995 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Liqun Wang ◽

Wei Hu ◽

Jiao Deng ◽

Xin Liu ◽

Jun Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Litsea Cubeba ◽

Bacteriostatic Agent

Litsea cubebaessential oil (LCEO) extracted from the fruit of theLitseatree is a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic agent that has been used to treat ailments for thousands of years in China.

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Immunomodulator effect of phenol used as bacteriostatic agent in aqueous allergens extracts on human polymorphonuclear neutrophil cells

Toxicology Letters ◽

10.1016/s0378-4274(96)80275-x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 88 ◽

pp. 76

Author(s):

Maria Leonor Meisel ◽

Luis Martins ◽

Helena Costa ◽

Sara Correia ◽

Maria João Peres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil ◽

Bacteriostatic Agent ◽

Human Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil

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(–)-Agelasidine A from Agelas clathrodes

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2006-7-802 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 61 (7-8) ◽

pp. 472-476 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Maria Augusta Medeiros ◽

Ana Lourenço ◽

Maria Regina Tavares ◽

Maria João Marcelo Curto ◽

Sónia Savluchinske Feio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Marine Sponge ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Spectroscopic Methods ◽

Antifungal Activities ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽

Bacteriostatic Agent ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽

First Time

(-)-Agelasidine A was identified from the methanol extract of the marine sponge Agelas clathrodes for the first time together with zooanemonin, 1-carboxymethylnicotinic acid, hymenidin, mukanadins A and C, monobromodispacamide, agelasidine D, 2-amide-4-bromopyrrole, O-methyltryptophan and an agelasines mixture. The structures were characterized by spectroscopic methods. (-)-Agelasidine A was tested for antibacterial and antifungal activities and shown to act as a bacteriostatic agent as it inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and partially the growth of other bacteria.

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Gut microbiome-related effects of berberine and probiotics on type 2 diabetes (the PREMOTE study)

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-020-18414-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yifei Zhang ◽

Yanyun Gu ◽

Huahui Ren ◽

Shujie Wang ◽

Huanzi Zhong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Oral Intake ◽

Glycated Haemoglobin ◽

Double Blind ◽

Promising Target ◽

Bacteriostatic Agent ◽

Gastrointestinal Side Effects

Abstract Human gut microbiome is a promising target for managing type 2 diabetes (T2D). Measures altering gut microbiota like oral intake of probiotics or berberine (BBR), a bacteriostatic agent, merit metabolic homoeostasis. We hence conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with newly diagnosed T2D patients from 20 centres in China. Four-hundred-nine eligible participants were enroled, randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) and completed a 12-week treatment of either BBR-alone, probiotics+BBR, probiotics-alone, or placebo, after a one-week run-in of gentamycin pretreatment. The changes in glycated haemoglobin, as the primary outcome, in the probiotics+BBR (least-squares mean [95% CI], −1.04[−1.19, −0.89]%) and BBR-alone group (−0.99[−1.16, −0.83]%) were significantly greater than that in the placebo and probiotics-alone groups (−0.59[−0.75, −0.44]%, −0.53[−0.68, −0.37]%, P < 0.001). BBR treatment induced more gastrointestinal side effects. Further metagenomics and metabolomic studies found that the hypoglycaemic effect of BBR is mediated by the inhibition of DCA biotransformation by Ruminococcus bromii. Therefore, our study reports a human microbial related mechanism underlying the antidiabetic effect of BBR on T2D. (Clinicaltrial.gov Identifier: NCT02861261).

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