antibacterial and antifungal activities
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2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 883
Author(s):  
Annalisa Chianese ◽  
Carla Zannella ◽  
Alessandra Monti ◽  
Anna De Filippis ◽  
Nunzianna Doti ◽  
...  

Viral infections represent a serious threat to the world population and are becoming more frequent. The search and identification of broad-spectrum antiviral molecules is necessary to ensure new therapeutic options, since there is a limited availability of effective antiviral drugs able to eradicate viral infections, and consequently due to the increase of strains that are resistant to the most used drugs. Recently, several studies on antimicrobial peptides identified them as promising antiviral agents. In detail, amphibian skin secretions serve as a rich source of natural antimicrobial peptides. Their antibacterial and antifungal activities have been widely reported, but their exploitation as potential antiviral agents have yet to be fully investigated. In the present study, the antiviral activity of the peptide derived from the secretion of Rana tagoi, named AR-23, was evaluated against both DNA and RNA viruses, with or without envelope. Different assays were performed to identify in which step of the infectious cycle the peptide could act. AR-23 exhibited a greater inhibitory activity in the early stages of infection against both DNA (HSV-1) and RNA (MeV, HPIV-2, HCoV-229E, and SARS-CoV-2) enveloped viruses and, on the contrary, it was inactive against naked viruses (PV-1). Altogether, the results indicated AR-23 as a peptide with potential therapeutic effects against a wide variety of human viruses.


e-Polymers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Dalia I. Sánchez-Machado ◽  
Jaime López-Cervantes ◽  
Diana M. Martínez-Ibarra ◽  
Ana A. Escárcega-Galaz ◽  
Claudia A. Vega-Cázarez

Abstract Chitosan is an amino-polysaccharide, traditionally obtained by the partial deacetylation of chitin from exoskeletons of crustaceans. Properties such as biocompatibility, hemostasis, and the ability to absorb physiological fluids are attributed to this biopolymer. Chitosan’s biological properties are regulated by its origin, polymerization degree, and molecular weight. In addition, it possesses antibacterial and antifungal activities. It also has been used to prepare films, hydrogels, coatings, nanofibers, and absorbent sponges, all utilized for the healing of skin wounds. In in vivo studies with second-degree burns, healing has been achieved in at least 80% of the cases between the ninth and twelfth day of treatment with chitosan coatings. The crucial steps in the treatment of severe burns are the early excision of damaged tissue and adequate coverage to minimize the risk of infection. So far, partial-thickness autografting is considered the gold standard for the treatment of full-thickness burns. However, the limitations of donor sites have led to the development of skin substitutes. Therefore, the need for an appropriate dermal equivalent that functions as a regeneration template for the growth and deposition of new skin tissue has been recognized. This review describes the properties of chitosan that validate its potential in the treatment of skin burns.


Author(s):  
G. D. Shermatova

Abstract: The leaves and roots of Rumex confertus Willd were tested in vitro for antibacterial and fungal activity in the fractions of gasoline, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol. As a result, it was found that the leaves of the Rumex confertus Willd plant, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of the root part have antibacterial activity against fungi and gram-positive bacteria. Keywords: Rumex confertus Willd, fractions, extracts, antibacterial, antifungal


Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Tamara Manso ◽  
Marta Lores ◽  
Trinidad de Miguel

Antibiotic resistance is a growing global problem that affects people, animals, the environment, and the economy. Many clinically relevant bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics, and this fact is emerging as one of the major threats to public health. The lack of new antibiotics, which is due to their time-consuming and costly development, exacerbates the problem. Therefore, it is necessary to identify new antimicrobial agents to treat bacterial and fungal infections. Plant extracts, which are valuable sources of bioactive compounds, mainly polyphenols, play an important role as a new strategy to combat pathogenic microorganisms. There is an extensive body of supporting evidence for the potent antibacterial and antifungal activities of polyphenols. Furthermore, some polyphenols show a synergistic effect when combined with antibiotics and antifungals, suggesting a promising alternative for therapeutic strategies against antibiotic resistance. However, only a few articles are found when searching the antibacterial or antifungal activities of polyphenols employing clinical isolates. Hence, this review focuses on the antimicrobial activity of polyphenols and extracts rich in polyphenols on clinical isolates, organized according to the World Health Organization priority pathogens classification.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Sonia Askri ◽  
Amal Dbeibia ◽  
Chadlia Mchiri ◽  
Sarra Boudriga ◽  
Michael Knorr ◽  
...  

Three-component cascade reactions of (E)-3-arylidene-1-methyl-pyrrolidine-2,5-diones, L-valine and various isatin derivatives are described. A series of 17 spiropyrrolidine derivatives with wide structural complexity and diversity have been thus obtained in moderate to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. The structure and stereochemistry of these N-heterocyclic cycloadducts has been established by spectroscopic techniques and unambiguously confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis performed on one derivative. UV-visible spectra have been recorded for all new compounds. Furthermore, the synthesized N-heterocyclic compounds have been screened for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. Several derivatives exhibited moderate to good activities, comparable to those of the known standard drugs Amphotericin B and Tetracycline. Structural activity relationships (SARs) and molecular docking of the most promising derivatives into the binding sites of glucosamine 6-phosphate synthase (GlcN6P) and methionyl-trna-synthetase (1PFV) were also established. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic studies indicate that the heterocycles exhibit acceptable predictive ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) properties and good drug ability.


Author(s):  
Masiraben Vahora ◽  
Falaknaaz Shaikh

Medicaments, plants and plant-based are the basis of many of the modern pharmaceuticals we use today for our various purposes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant, phytochemical and antibacterial and antifungal activities of the Achyranthes aspera plant extract in different organic solvents. The radical scavenging activity of the different extracts of root, stem, leaf, and seed were evaluated by DPPH assay and the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and antifungal activity against Fusarium sp. and Aspergillus niger was studied by Agar well cut diffusion method. All of the extracts exhibited different antioxidant and antibacterial activities and the activities varied from solvent to solvent, and the activities are concentrated. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were compared with the positive control Ascorbic acid and Cefuroxime. A qualitative phytochemical analysis was carried out and found to possess bioactive compounds like alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, tannins.


Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Mohammed Messaoudi ◽  
Abdelkrim Rebiai ◽  
Barbara Sawicka ◽  
Maria Atanassova ◽  
Hamza Ouakouak ◽  
...  

Our study evaluated the in vitro antioxidant properties, antibacterial and antifungal activities, anti-inflammatory properties, and chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs), total phenol, and total flavonoid of wild Mentha pulegium L. This study also determined the mineral (nutritional and toxic) elements in the plant. The EOs were extracted using three techniques—hydro distillation (HD), steam distillation (SD), and microwave-assisted distillation (MAD)—and were analyzed using chromatography coupled with flame ionization (GC-FID) and gas chromatography attached with mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS). The antioxidant effects of the EOs were tested with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), while the antibacterial and antifungal activities of the EO and methanolic extract were tested using Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Twenty-six compounds were identified in the essential oil, representing 97.73% of the total oil, with 0.202% yield. The major components were pulegone (74.81%), menthone (13.01%) and piperitone (3.82%). Twenty-one elements, including macro- and micro-elements (Ba, Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sr, Th, U and Zn), were detected using neutron activation analysis (INAA) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), with the concentration of mineral element close to the FAO recommendation. The results show that the EOs and extracts from Mentha pulegium L. had significant antimicrobial activities against the microorganisms, including five human pathogenic bacteria, one yeast (Candida albicans), and one phytopathogenic fungi. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of the leaf extracts were confirmed. The results indicate that the EOs and extracts from Mentha pulegium L. have promising applications in the pharmaceutical industries, clinical applications, and in medical research.


2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 990-996
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Salem ◽  
Samir Y. Abbas ◽  
Marwa A. M. Sh. El-Sharief ◽  
Mohamed H. Helal ◽  
Moustafa A. Gouda ◽  
...  

One of the best ways to design new biocidal agents is synthesizing hybrid molecules by combining two or more bioactive moieties in a single molecular scaffold. So, new series of pyrroles bearing a thiazole moiety were synthesized using 1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazones 1a–c. Cyclization of thiosemicarbazone derivatives 1a–c with ethyl chloroacetate, ethyl 2-chloropropanoate, chloroacetone and phenacyl bromide afforded the corresponding thiazolidin-4-ones 2a–c, 5-methylthiazolidin-4-ones 3a–c, 4-methyl-2,3-dihydrothiazoles 4a–c, and 4-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazoles 5a–c, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the new thiazole derivatives was evaluated.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Dhiantika Witasari ◽  
Khairunnasa Wizdjanul Wahyu ◽  
Bonifasia Junita Anugrahani ◽  
Dina Clarissa Kurniawan ◽  
Aris Haryanto ◽  
...  

Abstract The embodiment of antimicrobial components into the food packaging material has the ability to prevent microbial contamination. Fungus comb could be an alternative source of natural antimicrobial agents. In this study, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts from fungus comb isolated from Indo-malayan termite Macrotermes gilvus Hagen mound were analysed for its antibacterial and antifungal activities against food spoilage microorganisms, including Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger. The antimicrobial activity of the fungus comb extracts was evaluated using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion and microdilution method. The result showed that ethyl acetate extract exhibited the biggest diameter inhibition zone for all bacteria and fungi tested. Ethyl acetate extract showed antibacterial activity in all bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 0.39 mg/mL and 0.78 mg/mL, respectively. This extract also inhibited A. flavus and A. niger with MIC value of 0.78 mg/ml. Ethyl acetate extract contained guaiacol and syringol, which were predicted as the main antimicrobial components in fungus comb. Whereas n-hexane extract only inhibited Gram-positive bacteria. S. aureus ATCC 25923 was the most sensitive bacteria tested using all extracts. In addition, A. flavus was more sensitive compared to A. niger. Overall, fungus comb extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against E.coli ATCC 25922, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, S. aureus ATCC 25923, A. flavus, and A. niger. This study revealed that the fungus comb extract, especially ethyl acetate, could be considered as a new antimicrobial agent.


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