scholarly journals Inclusion of African American/Black adults in a pilot brain proteomics study of Alzheimer's disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 105129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn E. Stepler ◽  
Emily R. Mahoney ◽  
Julia Kofler ◽  
Timothy J. Hohman ◽  
Oscar L. Lopez ◽  
...  
2022 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn E. Stepler ◽  
Taneisha R. Gillyard ◽  
Calla B. Reed ◽  
Tyra M. Avery ◽  
Jamaine S. Davis ◽  
...  

African American/Black adults are twice as likely to have Alzheimer’s disease (AD) compared to non-Hispanic White adults. Genetics partially contributes to this disparity in AD risk, among other factors, as there are several genetic variants associated with AD that are more prevalent in individuals of African or European ancestry. The phospholipid-transporting ATPase ABCA7 (ABCA7) gene has stronger associations with AD risk in individuals with African ancestry than in individuals with European ancestry. In fact, ABCA7 has been shown to have a stronger effect size than the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele in African American/Black adults. ABCA7 is a transmembrane protein involved in lipid homeostasis and phagocytosis. ABCA7 dysfunction is associated with increased amyloid-beta production, reduced amyloid-beta clearance, impaired microglial response to inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. This review explores the impact of ABCA7 mutations that increase AD risk in African American/Black adults on ABCA7 structure and function and their contributions to AD pathogenesis. The combination of biochemical/biophysical and ‘omics-based studies of these variants needed to elucidate their downstream impact and molecular contributions to AD pathogenesis is highlighted.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Mostafa J. Khan ◽  
Heather Desaire ◽  
Oscar L. Lopez ◽  
M. Ilyas Kamboh ◽  
Renã A.S. Robinson

Background: African American/Black adults have a disproportionate incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and are underrepresented in biomarker discovery efforts. Objective: This study aimed to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers for AD using a combination of proteomics and machine learning approaches in a cohort that included African American/Black adults. Methods: We conducted a discovery-based plasma proteomics study on plasma samples (N = 113) obtained from clinically diagnosed AD and cognitively normal adults that were self-reported African American/Black or non-Hispanic White. Sets of differentially-expressed proteins were then classified using a support vector machine (SVM) to identify biomarker candidates. Results: In total, 740 proteins were identified of which, 25 differentially-expressed proteins in AD came from comparisons within a single racial and ethnic background group. Six proteins were differentially-expressed in AD regardless of racial and ethnic background. Supervised classification by SVM yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.91 and accuracy of 86%for differentiating AD in samples from non-Hispanic White adults when trained with differentially-expressed proteins unique to that group. However, the same model yielded an AUC of 0.49 and accuracy of 47%for differentiating AD in samples from African American/Black adults. Other covariates such as age, APOE4 status, sex, and years of education were found to improve the model mostly in the samples from non-Hispanic White adults for classifying AD. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the importance of study designs in AD biomarker discovery, which must include diverse racial and ethnic groups such as African American/Black adults to develop effective biomarkers.


2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (3S_Part_2) ◽  
pp. S143-S144
Author(s):  
Yvonne G. Hipps ◽  
Robin Socci ◽  
Harry Strothers ◽  
Regine Denis ◽  
Brenda Hayes

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S543-S543
Author(s):  
Laura Y Cabrera

Abstract Several studies indicate that Latinos are at higher risk of developing Alzheimer Disease (AD). While research has centered on African-American/White or Latino/non-Latino differences, there exists heterogeneity within those groups. Clustering Latinos under a single group in AD resources, neglects cultural, biological and environmental differences. To address this complexity we examine perceptions and concerns about AD symptoms, diagnosis, and care among Mexicans and Puerto Ricans via six focus groups. A priori variables for thematic exploration include familiarity, cultural beliefs, trust, privacy, notions of identity and personhood. We use a pragmatic neuroethics framework as a lens to discuss and assess our findings and related implications. This will help address the multidimensional and multidirectional nature of knowledge and communication about diagnosis, treatments and nature of AD. These findings will help to identify differences and similarities among two distinct Latino groups, thereby contributing to scholarship in the fields of Latino’s health, aging, and neuroethics.


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