Neurochemical abnormalities in the hippocampus of male rats displaying audiogenic seizures, a genetic model of epilepsy

2021 ◽  
pp. 136123
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Ribeiro dos Santos ◽  
Túlio C Bernardino ◽  
Maria Carolina Machado da Silva ◽  
Antônio C.P. de Oliveira ◽  
Luciana E. Drumond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Model ◽  
Audiogenic Seizures ◽  
Male Rats

Dynamic genetic architecture of metabolic syndrome attributes in the rat

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondrej Seda ◽  
Frantisek Liska ◽  
Drahomira Krenova ◽  
Ludmila Kazdova ◽  
Lucie Sedova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Brown Norway ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Whole Genome Analysis ◽  
Genetic Determination

The polydactylous rat strain (PD/Cub) is a highly inbred (F > 90) genetic model of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic architecture of the metabolic derangements found in the PD/Cub strain and to assess its dynamics in time and in response to diet and medication. We derived a PD/Cub × BN/Cub (Brown Norway) F2 intercross population of 149 male rats and performed metabolic profiling and genotyping and multiple levels of genetic linkage and statistical analyses at five different stages of ontogenesis and after high-sucrose diet feeding and dexamethasone administration challenges. The interval mapping analysis of 83 metabolic and morphometric traits revealed over 50 regions genomewide with significant or suggestive linkage to one or more of the traits in the segregating PD/Cub × BN/Cub population. The multiple interval mapping showed that, in addition to “single” quantitative train loci, there are more than 30 pairs of loci across the whole genome significantly influencing the variation of particular traits in an epistatic fashion. This study represents the first whole genome analysis of metabolic syndrome in the PD/Cub model and reveals several new loci previously not connected to the genetics of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. In addition, it attempts to present the concept of “dynamic genetic architecture” of metabolic syndrome attributes, evidenced by shifts in the genetic determination of syndrome features during ontogenesis and during adaptation to the dietary and pharmacological influences.

Effects of sex hormone manipulation on audiogenic seizures

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (5) ◽  
pp. 830-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Werboff ◽  
John B. Corcoran
Keyword(s):  
Audiogenic Seizures ◽  
Audiogenic Seizure ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hormone Balance ◽  
Threshold Conditions ◽  
Testosterone Administration

Albino rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain exhibited an unusual sex incidence to audiogenic seizures, with females more susceptible than males. It was predicted that altering the sex hormone balance by means of surgical intervention or hormonal injection would alter their seizure susceptibility. Male rats were castrated and then received injections of estradiol (100 RU) and progesterone (0.5 mg). Female rats received testosterone (1.0 and 2.0 mg) and were later ovariectomized. Audiogenic seizure tests under two threshold conditions were conducted prior to and during the respective hormonal treatments. Each group was used as its own control. The results indicated that castration of the males had little effect on seizure responses. Estradiol administration resulted in an increase in seizure responses. In the females, testosterone administration and ovariectomy resulted in a decrease in seizure responses. It was concluded that sex hormones either exert a direct effect or mediate the control of audiogenic seizure responses in rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain.

scholarly journals Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 (CB1R) Expression in Limbic Brain Structures After Acute and Chronic Seizures in a Genetic Model of Epilepsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian Lazarini-Lopes ◽  
Rui M. P. da Silva-Júnior ◽  
Gabriel Servilha-Menezes ◽  
Raquel A. Do Val-da Silva ◽  
Norberto Garcia-Cairasco
Keyword(s):  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Audiogenic Seizures ◽  
Receptor Type ◽  
Seizure Susceptibility ◽  
Limbic Structures ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is related to several physiological processes, associated to the modulation of brain excitability, with impact in the expression of susceptibility and control of epileptic seizures. The cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) is widely expressed in the brain, especially in forebrain limbic structures. Changes in CB1R expression are associated with epileptic seizures in animal models and humans. The Wistar Audiogenic Rat (WAR) strain is a genetic model of epilepsy capable of mimicking tonic-clonic and limbic seizures in response to intense sound stimulation. The WAR strain presents several behavioral and physiological alterations associated with seizure susceptibility, but the ECS has never been explored in this strain. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to characterize CB1R expression in forebrain limbic structures important to limbic seizure expression in WARs. We used a detailed anatomical analysis to assess the effects of acute and chronic audiogenic seizures on CB1R expression in several layers and regions of hippocampus and amygdala. WARs showed increased CB1R immunostaining in the inner molecular layer of the hippocampus, when compared to control Wistar rats. Acute and chronic audiogenic seizures increased CB1R immunostaining in several regions of the dorsal hippocampus and amygdala of WARs. Also, changes in CB1R expression in the amygdala, but not in the hippocampus, were associated with limbic recruitment and limbic seizure severity in WARs. Our results suggest that endogenous alterations in CB1R immunostaining in WARs could be associated with genetic susceptibility to audiogenic seizures. We also demonstrated CB1R neuroplastic changes associated with acute and chronic seizures in the amygdala and hippocampus. Moreover, the present study brings important information regarding CB1R and seizure susceptibility in a genetic model of seizures and supports the relationship between ECS and epilepsy.

scholarly journals The role of the inferior colliculus in a genetic model of audiogenic seizures

1995 ◽  
Vol 191 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Ribak ◽  
Catherine L. Morin
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Colliculus ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Audiogenic Seizures

scholarly journals Administration of galacto-oligosaccharide prebiotics in the Flinders Sensitive Line animal model of depression

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. e000017
Author(s):  
Alexandra Bannach-Brown ◽  
Sandra Tillmann ◽  
Malcolm Robert MacLeod ◽  
Gregers Wegener
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sensitive Line ◽  
Science Framework ◽  
Group Allocation ◽  
Flinders Sensitive Line

IntroductionMajor depressive disorder is the leading source of disability globally and current pharmacological treatments are less than adequate. Animal models such as the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rats are used to mimic aspects of the phenotype in the human disorder and to characterise candidate antidepressant agents. Communication between the gut microbiome and the brain may play an important role in psychiatric disorders such as depression. Interventions targeting the gut microbiota may serve as potential treatments for depression, and this drives increasing research into the effect of probiotics and prebiotics in neuropsychiatric disorders. Prebiotics, galacto-oligosaccharides and fructooligosaccharides that stimulate the activity of gut bacteria have been reported to have a positive impact, reducing anxiety and depressive-like phenotypes and stress-related physiology in mice and rats, as well as in humans. Bimuno, the commercially available beta-galacto-oligosaccharide, has been shown to increase gut microbiota diversity.AimHere, we aim to investigate the effect of Bimuno on rat anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviour and gut microbiota composition in the FSL model, a genetic model of depression, in comparison to their control, the Flinders Resistant Line (FRL) rats.MethodsSixty-four male rats aged 5–7 weeks, 32 FSL and 32 FRL rats, will be randomised to receive Bimuno or control (4 g/kg) daily for 4 weeks. Animals will be tested by an experimenter unaware of group allocation on the forced swim test to assessed depressive-like behaviour, the elevated plus maze to assess anxiety-like behaviour and the open field test to assess locomotion. Animals will be weighed and food and water intake, per kilogram of bodyweight, will be recorded. Faeces will be collected from each animal prior to the start of the experiment and on the final day to assess the bacterial diversity and relative abundance of bacterial genera in the gut. All outcomes and statistical analysis will be carried out blinded to group allocation, group assignments will be revealed after raw data have been uploaded to Open Science Framework. Two-way analysis of variance will be carried out to investigate the effect of treatment (control or prebiotic) and strain (FSL or FRL) on depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviours.

The Morphology of the Rat Kidney Following Folic Acid Administration

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 200-201
Author(s):  
Aline Byrnes ◽  
Elsa E. Ramos ◽  
Minoru Suzuki ◽  
E.D. Mayfield
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Renal Hypertrophy ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Biochemical Alterations

Renal hypertrophy was induced in 100 g male rats by the injection of 250 mg folic acid (FA) dissolved in 0.3 M NaHCO3/kg body weight (i.v.). Preliminary studies of the biochemical alterations in ribonucleic acid (RNA) metabolism of the renal tissue have been reported recently (1). They are: RNA content and concentration, orotic acid-c14 incorporation into RNA and acid soluble nucleotide pool, intracellular localization of the newly synthesized RNA, and the specific activity of enzymes of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. The present report describes the light and electron microscopic observations in these animals. For light microscopy, kidney slices were fixed in formalin, embedded, sectioned, and stained with H & E and PAS.

Fine Structural Changes in the Adenohypophyses of Rats Following Destruction of the Pituitary Stalk

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 496-497
Author(s):  
K. Kovacs ◽  
E. Horvath ◽  
J. M. Bilbao ◽  
F. A. Laszlo ◽  
I. Domokos
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Pituitary Stalk ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Electrolytic Lesions ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

Electrolytic lesions of the pituitary stalk in rats interrupt adenohypophysial blood flow and result in massive infarction of the anterior lobe. In order to obtain a deeper insight into the morphogenesis of tissue injury and to reveal the sequence of events, a fine structural investigation was undertaken on adenohypophyses of rats at various intervals following destruction of the pituitary stalk.The pituitary stalk was destroyed electrolytically, with a Horsley-Clarke apparatus on 27 male rats of the R-Amsterdam strain, weighing 180-200 g. Thirty minutes, 1,2,4,6 and 24 hours after surgery the animals were perfused with a glutaraldehyde-formalin solution. The skulls were then opened and the pituitary glands removed. The anterior lobes were fixed in glutaraldehyde-formalin solution, postfixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded in Durcupan. Ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and investigated with a Philips 300 electron microscope.

Ultrastructural Localization of Acetylcholinesterase in the Arcuate Nucleus and Median Eminence of the Rat

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 440-441
Author(s):  
K.A. Carson ◽  
C.B. Nemeroff ◽  
M.S. Rone ◽  
J.S. Kizer ◽  
J.S. Hanker
Keyword(s):  
Choline Acetyltransferase ◽  
Median Eminence ◽  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Cholinergic Neurons ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Good Marker ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
High Doses

Biochemical, physiological, pharmacological, and more recently enzyme histo- chemical data have indicated that cholinergic circuits exist in the hypothalamus. Ultrastructural correlates of these pathways such as acetylcholinesterase (AchE) positive neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and stained terminals in the median eminence (ME) have yet to be described. Initial studies in our laboratories utilizing chemical lesioning and microdissection techniques coupled with microchemical and light microscopic enzyme histo- chemical studies suggested the existence of cholinergic neurons in the ARC which project to the ME (1). Furthermore, in adult male rats with Halasz deafferentations (hypothalamic islands composed primarily of the isolated ARC and the ME) choline acetyltransferase (ChAc) activity, a good marker for cholinergic neurons, was not significantly reduced in the ME and was only somewhat reduced in the ARC (2). Treatment of neonatal rats with high doses of monosodium 1-glutamate (MSG) results in a lesion largely restricted to the neurons of the ARC.

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