scholarly journals Inter-individual variation in fronto-temporal connectivity predicts the ability to learn different types of associations

NeuroImage ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 213-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kylie H. Alm ◽  
Tyler Rolheiser ◽  
Ingrid R. Olson
FRANCISOLA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabila MAARFIA ◽  
Meriem BOUZIT

RÉSUMÉ. Se préoccuper de l'agir enseignant nécessite forcément l'analyse de son discours, de ses manières de faire, de ses postures... Cet article se penche sur l'aspect non-verbal de cet agir, à savoir la gestuelle enseignante en ce qu'elle contribue à l'accès au sens en langue étrangère. Notre recherche se veut compréhensive et s’inscrit dans une démarche de type ethnographique, recourant principalement à la méthode qualitative et faisant incidemment appel aux données quantitatives afin de mettre en évidence la fréquence et la variation intra-individuelle de la gestualité co-verbale utilisée par l'enseignant à l'école primaire. Les données ont été collectées grâce à l’observation non participante et l’enregistrement filmé de séances de cours d’une même enseignante dans deux classes de niveau institutionnel différent, et les gestes répertoriés ont été classés selon le modèle de Mc Neill pour le type et celui de M. Tellier pour la fonction. Les résultats révèlent que la gestualité de l’enseignante est une construction personnelle, une utilisation variée des différents types de gestes et que ce qui fait la différence entre les deux niveaux c’est à la fois la forme et la récurrence des gestes adoptés. Vu la rareté des travaux en contexte algérien, cette étude est une contribution à l'analyse du geste pédagogique de l'enseignant en classe de FLE en interaction avec ses apprenants afin de rentabiliser cette modalité et d'en tenir compte dans la formation des formateurs.Mots-clés : Agir professoral, geste coverbal, niveau institutionnel, taux gestuel  ABSTRACT. To be interested about the teacher's action necessarily requires the analysis of his speech, his ways of doing things, his postures... This article examines the non-verbal aspect of this action, namely the teaching gesture in that it contributes to access to meaning in a foreign language. Our approach is comprehensive and ethnographic, using mainly the qualitative method, but also relying, incidentally, on quantitative data in order to highlight the frequency and intra-individual variation of the co-verbal gestuality used by the teacher in primary school. The data was collected by non-participant observation and filmed recording of the sessions of the same teacher in two classes of different institutional levels, and the gestures were classified according to the model of Mc Neill (1992) regarding their type and that of M. Tellier (2006, 2008) for their function. The results reveal that the teacher’s gestuality is a personal construction, a varied use of the different types of gestures and that what make the difference between the two levels are both the form and the recurrence of the gestures adopted. Given the scarcity of work in the Algerian context, this study is a contribution to analysis of the teacher’s pedagogical gesture in the French classroom in interaction with his learners in order to make this modality profitable and to take it into account in the formation of trainers.Keywords: Co-verbal gesture, gestural rate, institutional level, teachers’ action 


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Ehret ◽  
Maite Taboada

News organisations often allow public comments at the bottom of their news stories. These comments constitute a fruitful source of data to investigate linguistic variation online; their characteristics, however, are rather understudied. This paper thus contributes to the description of online news comments and online language in English. In this spirit, we apply multi-dimensional analysis to a large dataset of online news comments and compare them to a corpus of online registers, thus placing online comments in the space of register variation online. We find that online news comments are involved-evaluative and informational at the same time, but mostly argumentative in nature, with such argumentation taking an informal shape. Our analyses lead us to conclude that online registers are a different mode of communication, neither spoken nor written, with individual variation across different types of online registers.


2017 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
pp. 3515-3515
Author(s):  
Drew J. McLaughlin ◽  
Melissa M. Baese-Berk ◽  
Tessa Bent ◽  
Stephanie A. Borrie ◽  
Kristin Van Engen

Target ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Kajzer-Wietrzny

Abstract This article investigates cohesion in the spoken and written registers of constrained language varieties to highlight the similarities and differences in the cohesion patterns of mediated (i.e., interpreted and translated) and non-native texts with respect to original texts produced by native speakers. In particular, it examines how different types of cohesive devices are distributed across spoken and written native, non-native, and mediated speeches originally delivered impromptu and read out at the plenary sessions of the European Parliament. The dataset comes from the European Translation and Interpreting Corpus (EPTIC) (Ferraresi and Bernardini 2019). The context provides a rare opportunity to examine the spoken and written registers of professional communication, both mono- and multilingual, in a relatively homogenous setting. First, in the exploratory analysis, I investigate the distribution of different types of cohesive devices across the investigated varieties drawing on mosaic plots and correspondence analysis. Thereafter, I make use of regression modelling of the overall frequency of cohesive devices across the examined varieties to evaluate the effect of constrainedness, mode of delivery, and individual variation. The results indicate that non-native and mediated texts do diverge from native production in the use of cohesive devices, but in different ways.


PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8798
Author(s):  
Jessica R. Floyd ◽  
Joseph Ogola ◽  
Eric M. Fèvre ◽  
Nicola Wardrop ◽  
Andrew J. Tatem ◽  
...  

Improving rural household access to resources such as markets, schools and healthcare can help alleviate poverty in low-income settings. Current models of geographic accessibility to various resources rarely take individual variation into account due to a lack of appropriate data, yet understanding mobility at an individual level is key to knowing how people access their local resources. Our study used both an activity-specific survey and GPS trackers to evaluate how adults in a rural area of western Kenya accessed local resources. We calculated the travel time and time spent at six different types of resource and compared the GPS and survey data to see how well they matched. We found links between several demographic characteristics and the time spent at different resources, and that the GPS data reflected the survey data well for time spent at some types of resource, but poorly for others. We conclude that demography and activity are important drivers of mobility, and a better understanding of individual variation in mobility could be obtained through the use of GPS trackers on a wider scale.


2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 245-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald A. Yeo ◽  
Steven W. Gangestad ◽  
Robert J. Thoma

Research on the origin of neurodevelopmental disorders has traditionally been pursued within a constrained, disorder-specific perspective. The developmental instability (DI) model described here offers a broader approach based on the evolutionary genetics of normal variation, reflecting our understanding that the processes generating genetic diversity are not unique to any specific disorder. The DI model helps account for shared features, including atypical functional and anatomic asymmetries, reduced general intellectual functioning, and complex patterns of heritability, across different types of neural variation. The model suggests research strategies that may help illuminate the specific and unique causal factors characterizing different types of neural variation.


1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Brockwell

The Laplace transform of the extinction time is determined for a general birth and death process with arbitrary catastrophe rate and catastrophe size distribution. It is assumed only that the birth rates satisfyλ0= 0,λj> 0 for eachj> 0, and. Necessary and sufficient conditions for certain extinction of the population are derived. The results are applied to the linear birth and death process (λj=jλ, µj=jμ) with catastrophes of several different types.


2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Ruisch ◽  
Rajen A. Anderson ◽  
David A. Pizarro

AbstractWe argue that existing data on folk-economic beliefs (FEBs) present challenges to Boyer & Petersen's model. Specifically, the widespread individual variation in endorsement of FEBs casts doubt on the claim that humans are evolutionarily predisposed towards particular economic beliefs. Additionally, the authors' model cannot account for the systematic covariance between certain FEBs, such as those observed in distinct political ideologies.


2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily F. Wissel ◽  
Leigh K. Smith

Abstract The target article suggests inter-individual variability is a weakness of microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) research, but we discuss why it is actually a strength. We comment on how accounting for individual differences can help researchers systematically understand the observed variance in microbiota composition, interpret null findings, and potentially improve the efficacy of therapeutic treatments in future clinical microbiome research.


2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajen A. Anderson ◽  
Benjamin C. Ruisch ◽  
David A. Pizarro

Abstract We argue that Tomasello's account overlooks important psychological distinctions between how humans judge different types of moral obligations, such as prescriptive obligations (i.e., what one should do) and proscriptive obligations (i.e., what one should not do). Specifically, evaluating these different types of obligations rests on different psychological inputs and has distinct downstream consequences for judgments of moral character.


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