Evaluation of the impact of compound C11 a new anticonvulsant candidate on cognitive functions and hippocampal neurogenesis in mouse brain

Physical activity has an unquestionable impact on broadly understood human health. One interesting issue related to this is the importance of movement on mental health and cognitive functioning. Research shows that regular physical activity improves the cognitive functioning of adults and people with mental disorders. Regular physical activity can be an important and powerful protective factor in cognitive impairment and dementia in the elderly, and exercise is an important non-pharmacological treatment for mild cognitive impairment or neurodegenerative diseases. This study aims to present the impact of physical activity on selected cognitive functions in physically active women over 60 years of age. The research was carried out in a group of 110 generally healthy women from the area of western Poland over 60 years of age, who were divided into four groups based on the intensity of their physical activity. A pedometer (sport watch) and a physical activity diary were used to measure physical activity. Body Mass Index was assessed. Selected cognitive functions were assessed using the MMSE test, motor and psychomotor skills were measured, and Luria’s auditory memory test and recall test, a clock drawing test, and a GDS test were performed. There were statistically significant relationships between the level of physical activity and the effectiveness of cognitive processes. These results show that about 5000 steps a day is enough to see a positive effect on the mental health and cognitive functioning of this group of the elderly population. The women had an average BMI of 28.1 ± 4.7. BMI, indicating an overweight condition (over 30 kg/m2), was observed in 31% of women. The results of this study lead the authors to conclude that physical activity positively influences cognitive function and can be recommended for all seniors who do not have other serious comorbidities that would prevent them from playing sports.

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Depletion of acetate-producing bacteria from the gut microbiota facilitates cognitive impairment through the gut-brain neural mechanism in diabetic mice

Microbiome ◽

10.1186/s40168-021-01088-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hong Zheng ◽

Pengtao Xu ◽

Qiaoying Jiang ◽

Qingqing Xu ◽

Yafei Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Neural Mechanism ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Protective Role ◽

Fecal Microbiota Transplant ◽

Memory Impairments ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Modification of the gut microbiota has been reported to reduce the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). We hypothesized that the gut microbiota shifts might also have an effect on cognitive functions in T1D. Herein we used a non-absorbable antibiotic vancomycin to modify the gut microbiota in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1D mice and studied the impact of microbial changes on cognitive performances in T1D mice and its potential gut-brain neural mechanism. Results We found that vancomycin exposure disrupted the gut microbiome, altered host metabolic phenotypes, and facilitated cognitive impairment in T1D mice. Long-term acetate deficiency due to depletion of acetate-producing bacteria resulted in the reduction of synaptophysin (SYP) in the hippocampus as well as learning and memory impairments. Exogenous acetate supplement or fecal microbiota transplant recovered hippocampal SYP level in vancomycin-treated T1D mice, and this effect was attenuated by vagal inhibition or vagotomy. Conclusions Our results demonstrate the protective role of microbiota metabolite acetate in cognitive functions and suggest long-term acetate deficiency as a risk factor of cognitive decline.

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Hippocampal neurogenesis in food-storing red squirrels: the impact of age and spatial behavior

Genes Brain & Behavior ◽

10.1111/j.1601-183x.2010.00589.x ◽

2010 ◽

pp. no-no ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kristin M. Johnson ◽

Rudy Boonstra ◽

J. Martin Wojtowicz

Keyword(s):

Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽

Spatial Behavior ◽

Red Squirrels ◽

Food Storing ◽

The Impact

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Automatic processing protocol to evaluate the impact of functional network damage and reorganization on cognitive functions after stroke

2021 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA) ◽

10.1109/memea52024.2021.9478769 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lenka Svobodova ◽

Radek Janca ◽

Premysl Jiruska

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Functions ◽

Automatic Processing ◽

Functional Network ◽

The Impact

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Cognitive functions in young adults with generalized anxiety disorder

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.10.008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Kiara Leonard ◽

Amitai Abramovitch

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Cognitive Load ◽

Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Theoretical Models ◽

Generalized Anxiety ◽

Neuropsychological Battery ◽

Compensatory Mechanisms ◽

Neuropsychological Profile ◽

The Impact

AbstractBackground:Anxiety and worry are central symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) that have been theorized to negatively impact cognitive functions. However, most of the research has focused on threat-related or emotionally-charged stimuli, and a surprisingly small number of investigations examined ‘cold’ cognitive functions using classic neuropsychological tests. Such investigations are particularly important given that some theoretical models suggest compensatory mechanisms associated with anxiety that in certain circumstances may result in intact performance. The aim of the present study is to assess the neuropsychological profile associated with GAD, using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery.Methods:A sample of 23 college students meeting criteria for DSM-5 GAD and 20 control participants completed a psychometrically valid comprehensive computerized neuropsychological battery and clinical questionnaires.Results:The GAD sample presented with significantly elevated symptomatic rates of anxiety, worry, depression and stress. However, no significant differences were found on any neuropsychological outcome measures or domain indexes. Effect sizes were small, some of which favored the GAD sample.Conclusion:Despite substantial psychopathological burden, GAD exhibited intact cognitive functioning. These results support the Cognitive Control Theory of Anxiety, suggesting that elevated primary anxiety may not impact ‘cold’ cognitive functions in the absence of threat or substantial cognitive load. Given that this is one of the only studies employing a comprehensive neuropsychological battery in GAD, more research is needed in this population to replicate these results and to examine the impact of anxiety on cognitive functions at varying degrees of cognitive load in this population.

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The impact of sensory processing on executive and cognitive functions in children with autism spectrum disorder in the school context

Research in Developmental Disabilities ◽

10.1016/j.ridd.2019.103540 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 96 ◽

pp. 103540 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gemma Pastor-Cerezuela ◽

Maria-Inmaculada Fernández-Andrés ◽

Pilar Sanz-Cervera ◽

Diana Marín-Suelves

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Sensory Processing ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

School Context ◽

Children With Autism ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

The Impact

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Importance of Proactive Treatment of Depression in Lewy Body Dementias: The Impact on Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Cognition in a Post-Mortem Study

Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders ◽

10.1159/000484437 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 44 (5-6) ◽

pp. 283-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ariana Gatt ◽

Antigoni Ekonomou ◽

Alyma Somani ◽

Sandrine Thuret ◽

David Howlett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽

Cholinesterase Inhibitors ◽

Lewy Bodies ◽

Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽

Acetyl Cholinesterase ◽

Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Treatment Of Depression ◽

The Impact ◽

Ssri Treatment

Objective: To examine the impact of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and depression on neurogenesis and cognition in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson disease dementia (PDD). Methods: Late-stage progenitor cells were quantified in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus of DLB/PDD patients (n = 41) and controls without dementia (n = 15) and compared between treatment groups (unmedicated, SSRIs, acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors [AChEIs], combined SSRIs and AChEIs). Results: DLB/PDD patients had more doublecortin-positive cells in the SGZ compared to controls. The doublecortin-positive cell count was higher in the SGZ of patients treated with SSRIs and correlated to higher cognitive scores. Conclusion: SSRI treatment was associated with increased hippocampal neurogenesis and preservation of cognition in DLB/PDD patients.

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Effect of interactions between APOE and ESR1 polymorphisms on cognitive functions in postmenopausal women

Archives of Medical Science ◽

10.5114/aoms.2018.72972 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 31-39

Author(s):

Jarosław Pinkas ◽

Iwona Bojar ◽

Mariusz Gujski ◽

Beata Sarecka-Hujar ◽

Alfred Owoc ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Visual Memory ◽

Vital Signs ◽

Memory Processing ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Polymorphic Variants ◽

Pvuii Polymorphism ◽

The Impact

IntroductionDuring menopause the level of estrogens is decreased, which may lead to cognitive impairment or dementia. Some forms of genetic polymorphism were found to be related to cognitive functions, including APOE and ESR1 (PvuII and XbaI) polymorphisms. In the present study we aimed to analyze the impact of interactions between APOE and ESR1 polymorphisms on cognitive functions in the group of postmenopausal women.Material and methodsThe study group consisted of 266 postmenopausal women aged 50–65 years without symptoms of dementia. A computerized battery of the Central Nervous System Vital Signs (CNS VS) test was used to diagnose cognitive functions. APOE and ESR1 polymorphisms were genotyped using multiplex PCR and PCR-RFLP methods, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way analysis of variance in Statistica software.ResultsThe best memory, visual memory, processing and psychomotor speeds were found in women carrying the C allele of the PvuII polymorphism (TC + CC genotypes) in the presence of the APOE 2/3 genotype, while a lower outcome was noted in women with 3/3, and the lowest if they had the 4 allele. In the case of women with TT genotype of the PvuII polymorphism, cognitive functioning did not decrease in women with the 4 allele. A similar effect on cognitive functions was observed for AG + GG genotypes of the XbaI and APOE polymorphisms. Women who simultaneously carried CC PvuII and GG XbaI genotypes had the lowest cognitive functions.ConclusionsInteractions of polymorphic variants of APOE and ESR1 genes influenced cognitive functions in postmenopausal women.

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