Object priming and recognition memory: Dissociable effects in left frontal cortex at encoding

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (13) ◽  
pp. 2942-2947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom J. Spencer ◽  
Daniela Montaldi ◽  
Qi-Yong Gong ◽  
Neil Roberts ◽  
Andrew R. Mayes
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Object Priming

scholarly journals Synaptic biomarker reduction and impaired cognition in the sub-chronic PCP mouse model for schizophrenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gigg ◽  
Francesca McEwan ◽  
Rebecca Smausz ◽  
Joanna Neill ◽  
Michael K Harte
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Ventral Hippocampus ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Object Recognition Memory ◽  
Synaptic Markers ◽  
Inter Trial Interval ◽  
First Time ◽  
Interval Expression

Background: Sub-chronic phencyclidine treatment (scPCP) provides a translational rat model for cognitive impairments associated with schizophrenia (CIAS). CIAS genetic risk factors may be more easily studied in mice; however, CIAS associated biomarker changes are relatively unstudied in the scPCP mouse. Aim: To characterize deficits in object recognition memory and synaptic markers in frontal cortex and hippocampus of the scPCP mouse. Methods: Female c57/bl6 mice received 10 daily injections of PCP (scPCP; 10 mg/kg, s.c.) or vehicle ( n = 8/group). Mice were tested for novel object recognition memory after either remaining in the arena (‘no distraction’) or being removed to a holding cage (‘distraction’) during the inter-trial interval. Expression changes for parvalbumin (PV), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67), synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) and postsynaptic density 95 (PDS95) were measured in frontal cortex, dorsal and ventral hippocampus. Results: scPCP mice showed object memory deficits when distracted by removal from the arena, where they treated previously experienced objects as novel at test. scPCP significantly reduced PV expression in all regions and lower PSD95 levels in frontal cortex and ventral hippocampus. Levels of GAD67 and SNAP-25 were unchanged. Conclusions: We show for the first time that scPCP mice: (a) can encode and retain object information, but that this memory is susceptible to distraction; (b) display amnesia after distraction; and (c) express reduced PV and PSD95 in frontal cortex and hippocampus. These data further support reductions in PV-dependent synaptic inhibition and NMDAR-dependent glutamatergic plasticity in CIAS and highlight the translational significance of the scPCP mouse.

scholarly journals Ventrolateral and dorsomedial frontal cortex lesions impair mnemonic context retrieval

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1801) ◽  
pp. 20142555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Chapados ◽  
Michael Petrides
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Context Condition ◽  
Multiple Contexts ◽  
Dorsomedial Frontal Cortex ◽  
Prefrontal Region ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Right

The prefrontal cortex appears to contribute to the mnemonic retrieval of the context within which stimuli are experienced, but only under certain conditions that remain to be clarified. Patients with lesions to the frontal cortex, the temporal lobe and neurologically intact individuals were tested for context memory retrieval when verbal stimuli (words) had been experienced across multiple (unstable context condition) or unique (stable context condition) contexts; basic recognition memory of these words-in-contexts was also tested. Patients with lesions to the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) were impaired on context retrieval only when the words had been seen in multiple contexts, demonstrating that this prefrontal region is critical for active retrieval processing necessary to disambiguate memory items embedded across multiple contexts. Patients with lesions to the left dorsomedial prefrontal region were impaired on both context retrieval conditions, regardless of the stability of the stimulus-to-context associations. Conversely, prefrontal lesions sparing the ventrolateral and dorsomedial regions did not impair context retrieval. Only patients with temporal lobe excisions were impaired on basic recognition memory. The results demonstrate a basic contribution of the left dorsomedial frontal region to mnemonic context retrieval, with the VLPFC engaged, selectively, when contextual relations are unstable and require disambiguation.

Neurophysiological indices of perceptual object priming in the absence of explicit recognition memory

2009 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill D. Harris ◽  
Tim R.H. Cutmore ◽  
John O'Gorman ◽  
Simon Finnigan ◽  
David Shum
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Perceptual Object ◽  
Explicit Recognition ◽  
Object Priming

scholarly journals Electrophysiological Correlates of Emotion-Induced Recognition Bias

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Windmann ◽  
Marta Kutas
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Differential Effect ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Brain Potential ◽  
Negative Item ◽  
Emotional Events

The question of how emotions influence recognition memory is of interest not only within basic cognitive neuro-science but from clinical and forensic perspectives as well. Emotional stimuli can induce at “recognition bias” such that individuals are more likely to respond “old” to a negative item than to an emotionally neutral item, whether the item is actually old or new. We investigated this bias using event-related brain potential (ERP) measures by comparing the processing of words given “old” responses with accurate recognition of old/new differences. For correctly recognized items, the ERP difference between old items (hits) and new items (correct rejections, CR) was largely unaffected by emotional violence. That is, regardless of emotional valence, the ERP associated with hits was characterized by a widespread positivity between 300 and 700 msec relative to that for CRs. By contrast, the analysis of ERPs to old and new items that were judged “old” (hits and false alarms [FAs], respectively) revealed a differential effect of valence by 300 msec: Neutral items showed a large old/new difference over prefrontal sites, whereas negative items did not. These results are the first clear demonstration of response bias effects on ERPs linked to recognition memory. They are consistent with the idea that frontal cortex areas may be responsible for relaxing the retrieval criterion for negative stimuli so as to ensure that emotional events are not as easily “missed” or forgotten as neutral events.

How do memory modules differentially contribute to familiarity and recollection?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olya Hakobyan ◽  
Sen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Memory Modules ◽  
Familiarity And Recollection ◽  
Memory Contents

Abstract We fully support dissociating the subjective experience from the memory contents in recognition memory, as Bastin et al. posit in the target article. However, having two generic memory modules with qualitatively different functions is not mandatory and is in fact inconsistent with experimental evidence. We propose that quantitative differences in the properties of the memory modules can account for the apparent dissociation of recollection and familiarity along anatomical lines.

Oligodendrocytes in Developing Hameter Cerebral Cortex

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 126-127
Author(s):  
MB. Tank Buschmann
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Layer V ◽  
Adult Hamster

Development of oligodendrocytes in rat corpus callosum was described as a sequential change in cytoplasmic density which progressed from light to medium to dark (1). In rat optic nerve, changes in cytoplasmic density were not observed, but significant changes in morphology occurred just prior to and during myelination (2). In our study, the ultrastructural development of oligodendrocytes was studied in newborn, 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-day and adult frontal cortex of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus).Young and adult hamster brains were perfused with paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde in sodium cacodylate buffer at pH 7.3 according to the method of Peters (3). Tissue samples of layer V of the frontal cortex were post-fixed in 2% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in acetone and embedded in Epon-Araldite resin.

Learning From (Test) Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 228 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan E. Mitton ◽  
Chris M. Fiacconi
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Judgments Of Learning ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Recognition Memory Performance ◽  
Study Test ◽  
Explicit Feedback

Abstract. To date there has been relatively little research within the domain of metamemory that examines how individuals monitor their performance during memory tests, and whether the outcome of such monitoring informs subsequent memory predictions for novel items. In the current study, we sought to determine whether spontaneous monitoring of test performance can in fact help individuals better appreciate their memory abilities, and in turn shape future judgments of learning (JOLs). Specifically, in two experiments we examined recognition memory for visual images across three study-test cycles, each of which contained novel images. We found that across cycles, participants’ JOLs did in fact increase, reflecting metacognitive sensitivity to near-perfect levels of recognition memory performance. This finding suggests that individuals can and do monitor their test performance in the absence of explicit feedback, and further underscores the important role that test experience can play in shaping metacognitive evaluations of learning and remembering.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document