Neuropsychological evidence for the functional role of the uncinate fasciculus in semantic control

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 789-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Y. Harvey ◽  
Tao Wei ◽  
Timothy M. Ellmore ◽  
A. Cris Hamilton ◽  
Tatiana T. Schnur
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Sato ◽  
Kotaro Minato

The human uncinate fasciculus is an important cortico-cortical white matter pathway that directly connects the frontal and temporal lobes, but its exact functional role is not yet known. Using diffusion tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), the uncinate fasciculus can be extracted and its volume calculated. DTI metrics such as fractional anisotropy for the uncinate fasciculus can also be analyzed, but there are currently three different methods for this analysis. DTI reports on the uncinate fasciculus are conducted using region of interest, voxel-based, and fiber tracking deterministic approaches. Due to these differences in analysis methods, prior studies report conflicting levels of uncinate asymmetry measured with diffusion anisotropy. Here, the authors briefly introduce these three different methods for measuring uncinate asymmetry values and compare the results. This result can lead to a better understanding of the role of the uncinate fasciculus in future behavioral and clinical studies.


2009 ◽  
Vol 221 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Steiger ◽  
I Leuschner ◽  
D Denkhaus ◽  
D von Schweinitz ◽  
T Pietsch
Keyword(s):  

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-88
Author(s):  
Mulugeta Mulat ◽  
Raksha Anand ◽  
Fazlurrahman Khan

The diversity of indole concerning its production and functional role has increased in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. The bacterial species produce indole and use it as a signaling molecule at interspecies, intraspecies, and even at an interkingdom level for controlling the capability of drug resistance, level of virulence, and biofilm formation. Numerous indole derivatives have been found to play an important role in the different systems and are reported to occur in various bacteria, plants, human, and plant pathogens. Indole and its derivatives have been recognized for a defensive role against pests and insects in the plant kingdom. These indole derivatives are produced as a result of the breakdown of glucosinolate products at the time of insect attack or physical damages. Apart from the defensive role of these products, in plants, they also exhibit several other secondary responses that may contribute directly or indirectly to the growth and development. The present review summarized recent signs of progress on the functional properties of indole and its derivatives in different plant systems. The molecular mechanism involved in the defensive role played by indole as well as its’ derivative in the plants has also been explained. Furthermore, the perspectives of indole and its derivatives (natural or synthetic) in understanding the involvement of these compounds in diverse plants have also been discussed.


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