Active thermography inspection of residual water in steel pipes: Detection and water height estimation

Structure of the Russian export and import of steel industry products presented by results of 9 months of 2019 operation. It was shown, that the total share of pig iron, ferroalloys and semi-products (40.3%) in the ferrous metals export from Russia is practically the same as the share of rolled products and steel pipes (39.4%), whereas the shares in the import structure were 7.7 and 75% accordingly. The share the far abroad countries in the Russian export and import of finished steel products (in natural terms) accounted for 80.6 and 28.7% accordingly, while the share of CIS countries – 19.4 and 71.3% accordingly. For 9 months of 2019 the Russian export of semi-products declined by 10.9% comparing with the analogue period of 2018 and accounted for 10.9 m tons. 54.6% of the total export shipping of semi-products were directed to Mexico, Turkey, Egypt and Taiwan. Within the nearest years the Russian export of semi-products and billets, in particular, will be effected by the further development of the semi-products production in in the countries of Middle East, Turkey, Vietnam and India. The domestic market remained to be more attractive for many Russian companies. For the 9 months of 2019, export of long and flat products accounted for 3 and 5.7 m tons accordingly, declining comparing with the analogue period of the previous year by 11 and 15.6% accordingly. Import of long and flat products decreased by 12 and 0.5%, accounting for 1.0 and 2.9 m tons accordingly. By the results of 9 months of 2019, import declined and export shipping of coated sheet increased. Taking into account the expansion of steel grades assortment by Russian plants, increase of capacities for production of sheet with different coatings, this tendency is likely to remain.

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Failure Analysis Of Buried Gas Pipelines Crossing Seismic Faults

Academic Perspective Procedia ◽

10.33793/acperpro.03.02.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 781-790

Author(s):

M. Rizwan Akram ◽

Ali Yesilyurt ◽

A.Can. Zulfikar ◽

F. Göktepe

Keyword(s):

Ground Deformation ◽

Warning System ◽

Strike Slip ◽

Gas Pipelines ◽

Steel Pipes ◽

Seismic Fault ◽

Fault Parameters ◽

Dip Angle ◽

Permanent Ground Deformation ◽

Recent Earthquakes

Research on buried gas pipelines (BGPs) has taken an important consideration due to their failures in recent earthquakes. In permanent ground deformation (PGD) hazards, seismic faults are considered as one of the major causes of BGPs failure due to accumulation of impermissible tensile strains. In current research, four steel pipes such as X-42, X-52, X-60, and X-70 grades crossing through strike-slip, normal and reverse seismic faults have been investigated. Firstly, failure of BGPs due to change in soil-pipe parameters have been analyzed. Later, effects of seismic fault parameters such as change in dip angle and angle between pipe and fault plane are evaluated. Additionally, effects due to changing pipe class levels are also examined. The results of current study reveal that BGPs can resist until earthquake moment magnitude of 7.0 but fails above this limit under the assumed geotechnical properties of current study. In addition, strike-slip fault can trigger early damage in BGPs than normal and reverse faults. In the last stage, an early warning system is proposed based on the current procedure.&nbsp;

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Deinking of recycled paper by coupling of the enzyme endo-β-1,4-D-glucanasa and the cellulose, and by using a laboratory flotation column

MRS Advances ◽

10.1557/adv.2020.390 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (52-53) ◽

pp. 2669-2678

Author(s):

Jeovani González P. ◽

Ramiro Escudero G

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Sodium Hydroxide ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Computational Simulation ◽

Cellulose Fibers ◽

Residual Water ◽

Chemical Reagent ◽

Recycled Paper ◽

Flotation Column ◽

Hydrolysis Of

AbstractDeinking of recycled office (MOW) paper was carried out by using a flotation column and adding separately sodium hydroxide, and the enzyme Cellulase Thricodema Sp., as defibrillators.The de-inked cellulose fibers were characterized according to the standards of the paper industry, to compare the efficiency of the deinking of each chemical reagent used to hydrolyze the fibers and defibrillate them.The computational simulation of the molecular coupling between the enzyme and cellulose was performed, to establish the enzyme-cellulose molecular complex and then to identify the principal amino-acids of endo-β-1,4-D-glucanase in this molecular link, which are responsible for the hydrolysis of the cellulose.Experimental results show the feasibility to replace sodium hydroxide with the enzyme Cellulase Thricodema Sp., by obtaining deinked cellulose with similar optical and physical properties.The use of the enzyme instead of sodium hydroxide avoids the contamination of the residual water; in addition to that, the column is operated more easily, taking into consideration that the pH of the system goes from alkaline to neutral.

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