An empirical method to determine inadequacy of dietary water

Nutrition ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence E. Armstrong ◽  
Evan C. Johnson ◽  
Amy L. McKenzie ◽  
Colleen X. Muñoz
Author(s):  
V. V. Damiano ◽  
R. P. Daniele ◽  
H. T. Tucker ◽  
J. H. Dauber

An important example of intracellular particles is encountered in silicosis where alveolar macrophages ingest inspired silica particles. The quantitation of the silica uptake by these cells may be a potentially useful method for monitoring silica exposure. Accurate quantitative analysis of ingested silica by phagocytic cells is difficult because the particles are frequently small, irregularly shaped and cannot be visualized within the cells. Semiquantitative methods which make use of particles of known size, shape and composition as calibration standards may be the most direct and simplest approach to undertake. The present paper describes an empirical method in which glass microspheres were used as a model to show how the ratio of the silicon Kα peak X-ray intensity from the microspheres to that of a bulk sample of the same composition correlated to the mass of the microsphere contained within the cell. Irregular shaped silica particles were also analyzed and a calibration curve was generated from these data.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Lucas ◽  
George Barnes

We present the results of direct dynamics simulations and DFT calculations aimed at elucidating the effect of \textit{O}-sulfonation on the collision induced dissociation for serine. Towards this end, direct dynamics simulations of both serine and sulfoserine were performed at multiple collision energies and theoretical mass spectra obtained. Comparisons to experimental results are favorable for both systems. Peaks related to the sulfo group are identified and the reaction dynamics explored. In particular, three significant peaks (m\z 106, 88, and 81) seen in the theoretical mass spectrum directly related to the sulfo group are analyzed as well as major peaks shared by both systems. Our analysis shows that the m\z 106 peaks result from intramolecular rearrangements, intermolecular proton transfer among complexes composed of initial fragmentation products, and at high energy side-chain fragmentation. The \mz 88 peak was found to contain multiple constitutional isomers, including a previously unconsidered, low energy structure. It was also seen that the RM1 semi empirical method was not able to obtain all of the major peaks seen in experiment for sulfoserine. In contrast, PM6 did obtain all major experimental peaks.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int

The full conformational space of N-formyl-L-alanine-amide was explored by the semi-empirical method AM1 coupled to the Multi Niche Crowding (MNC) genetic algorithm implemented in a package of programs developed in our laboratory. The structural and energy analysis of the resulting conformational space E(,ψ) exhibits 5 regions or minima ɣL, ɣD, ɛL, D and αD. The technique provides better detection of local and global minima within a reasonable time.


2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Hotma Napitupulu, MM.

Management of regulatory oversight under the law, analyze the legal consequences with its use as a system of legal oversight mechanisms in order to create harmonization of law in the region. As for the method used in research by using empirical method that is by conceptual approach method with primary and secondary data source. As for the method used in research by using empirical method that is by conceptual approach method with primary and secondary data source.


1901 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Hoxie
Keyword(s):  

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