Local perceptions of environmental changes in fishing communities of southwest Madagascar

2018 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 209-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Lemahieu ◽  
Lucy Scott ◽  
Willem S. Malherbe ◽  
Paubert Tsimanaoraty Mahatante ◽  
José Victor Randrianarimanana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Fishing Communities ◽  
Local Perceptions

scholarly journals ‘To fish or not to fish?’: fishing communities of Arctic Yakutia in the face of environmental change and political transformations

Polar Record ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Ksenofontov ◽  
Norman Backhaus ◽  
Gabriela Schaepman-Strub
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Fishing Communities ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Face ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Traditional Fishing ◽  
Fishing Regulations

ABSTRACTThis paper assesses the vulnerability of Arctic fishing communities. We hypothesise that climate change related trends, such as increasing temperature and altered seasonality, and shocks, such as the breakdown of the Soviet Union or new fishing regulations, increase vulnerability of local Arctic peoples and compromise the sustainability of their livelihoods. Research shows that over recent decades local people have observed environmental changes and a significant decrease in the number of fish caught. Fishing regulations introduced after the collapse of the Soviet Union burdened fishers with quotas and temporal limitations that have hindered their fishing activities. While the adaptability of traditional fishing techniques to seasonally changing conditions might indicate the potential to adapt to future conditions under climate change, fishing regulations appear to limit this potential to adapt.

scholarly journals Against ‘Green Development Fantasies’: Resource Degradation and the Lack of Community Resistance in the Middle Mahakam Wetlands, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
de Jong Edwin B.P. ◽  
Gerben Nooteboom
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Fishing Communities ◽  
Community Resistance ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Resource Degradation ◽  
Green Development ◽  
Floods And Droughts

AbstractIn the middle Mahakam wetlands, East Kalimantan, local populations are hit hard by ecological deterioration in the form of degraded water quality, floods, depletion of fish stocks, and increasing sedimentation and aquatic weeds. In the short term, resources such as fish and wood are being depleted, while unpredictable floods and droughts cause insecurities and lengthy periods without earnings. In the longer term, resource depletion and water pollution threaten villagers’ health. Some of these environmental problems are produced by the fishing communities themselves but most are caused by outside actors, such as logging and mining companies and oil palm plantations. This article raises the question of why local fishing communities do not resist against outside actors and seeks to explain why they are unable to protect and manage their environment in a sustainable way. It challenges ‘green development fantasies’ and optimistic approaches which put primary faith in the capacity of local communities to manage their resources. We show instead that local communities are often unable to challenge and resist environmental changes. We explain this out of a lack of: (1) a clear enemy or a clear focus of opposition; (2) a single and relatively homogeneous community or shared ethnic identity; (3) strong leadership; and (4) the involvement of brokers with the outside world. In this article, optimistic ideas about the ability of local communities to benefit from, or protect, their ‘locality of value’ are seriously challenged.

scholarly journals Differences in local perceptions about climate and environmental changes among residents in a small community in Eastern Siberia

Polar Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 100556
Author(s):  
Hiroki Takakura ◽  
Yuichiro Fujioka ◽  
Vanda Ignatyeva ◽  
Toshikazu Tanaka ◽  
Nadezhda Vinokurova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Local Perceptions

scholarly journals Adaptation strategies of coastal fishing communities as species shift poleward

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talia Young ◽  
Emma C Fuller ◽  
Mikaela M Provost ◽  
Kaycee E Coleman ◽  
Kevin St. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Fishing Communities ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
As Species ◽  
Trawl Fishing

Abstract In this period of environmental change, understanding how resource users respond to such changes is critical for effective resource management and adaptation planning. Extensive work has focused on natural resource responses to environmental changes, but less has examined the response of resource users to such changes. We used an interdisciplinary approach to analyse changes in resource use among commercial trawl fishing communities in the northwest Atlantic, a region that has shown poleward shifts in harvested fish species. We found substantial community-level changes in fishing patterns since 1996: southern trawl fleets of larger vessels with low catch diversity fished up to 400 km further north, while trawl fleets of smaller vessels with low catch diversity shrank or disappeared from the data set over time. In contrast, trawl fleets (of both large and small vessels) with higher catch diversity neither changed fishing location dramatically or nor disappeared as often from the data set. This analysis suggests that catch diversity and high mobility may buffer fishing communities from effects of environmental change. Particularly in times of rapid and uncertain change, constructing diverse portfolios and allowing for fleet mobility may represent effective adaptation strategies.

scholarly journals Climate Change, Urbanization and Livelihood Perspective of Indigenous Fishing Communities of Mumbai, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-129
Author(s):  
Sibananda Senapati ◽  
Vijaya Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Fishing Communities ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Fishing Villages ◽  
Coastal Cities

Abstract This study is an attempt to derive the socio-economic implications of climate change and other environmental issues pertaining to fishing communities residing in and around Mumbai, India. A substantial number of populations in Mumbai city are the fishing communities, popularly known as ‘Koli’. They are the earliest inhabitants of the city. Coastal cities are most productive as well as most vulnerable to environmental changes. They support a number of economic activities which include fishing, agriculture, urbanization, real estate, tourism, transport, oil exploration etc. As a result, the anthropogenic pressure on coastal cities is increasing. Koli communities in Mumbai encounter diverse socio-economic and climatic pressures including sea level rise, floods, storms, etc. The implications of climate change on Koli communities as well as other environmental issues pertaining to fishing villages in Mumbai are discussed in detail in this study. Five fishing villages from Mumbai are selected for a primary study based on a structured questionnaire. Nearly 200 households are surveyed in a period over six months in 2011-12, finally 182 households information is considered for further analysis. On the basis of the findings, this study suggests that issue of lack of asset formation and financial insecurity among young fishermen may be taken care by linking the fisheries societies in Mumbai and in other regions with the support from local governments. The benefits of subsidies, insurance may be distributed progressively based on their financial needs to all fishermen rather than benefiting the large scale fishermen alone.

Linking transcription, RNA polymerase II elongation and alternative splicing

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (16) ◽  
pp. 3091-3104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana E. Giono ◽  
Alberto R. Kornblihtt
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Transcription Elongation ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Eukaryotic Transcription

Gene expression is an intricately regulated process that is at the basis of cell differentiation, the maintenance of cell identity and the cellular responses to environmental changes. Alternative splicing, the process by which multiple functionally distinct transcripts are generated from a single gene, is one of the main mechanisms that contribute to expand the coding capacity of genomes and help explain the level of complexity achieved by higher organisms. Eukaryotic transcription is subject to multiple layers of regulation both intrinsic — such as promoter structure — and dynamic, allowing the cell to respond to internal and external signals. Similarly, alternative splicing choices are affected by all of these aspects, mainly through the regulation of transcription elongation, making it a regulatory knob on a par with the regulation of gene expression levels. This review aims to recapitulate some of the history and stepping-stones that led to the paradigms held today about transcription and splicing regulation, with major focus on transcription elongation and its effect on alternative splicing.

Seeking to uncover biology's chemical roots

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Addy Pross
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
The Road ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Systems Chemistry ◽  
Biological World ◽  
Inanimate Matter ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Opening Up

Despite the considerable advances in molecular biology over the past several decades, the nature of the physical–chemical process by which inanimate matter become transformed into simplest life remains elusive. In this review, we describe recent advances in a relatively new area of chemistry, systems chemistry, which attempts to uncover the physical–chemical principles underlying that remarkable transformation. A significant development has been the discovery that within the space of chemical potentiality there exists a largely unexplored kinetic domain which could be termed dynamic kinetic chemistry. Our analysis suggests that all biological systems and associated sub-systems belong to this distinct domain, thereby facilitating the placement of biological systems within a coherent physical/chemical framework. That discovery offers new insights into the origin of life process, as well as opening the door toward the preparation of active materials able to self-heal, adapt to environmental changes, even communicate, mimicking what transpires routinely in the biological world. The road to simplest proto-life appears to be opening up.

Holocene diatom assemblages from Dunderbukhta sediments, West Svalbard

2019 ◽  
pp. 242-245
Author(s):  
Ksenya V. Poleshchuk ◽  
Zinaida V. Pushina ◽  
Sergey R. Verkulich
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Diatom Assemblages ◽  
Diatom Analysis ◽  
Diatom Flora ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Middle Holocene ◽  
Temperature Trends

The diatom analysis results of sediment samples from Dunderbukta area (Wedel Jarlsberg Land, West Svalbard) are presented in this paper. The diatom flora consists of four ecological groups, which ratio indicates three ecological zones. These zones show environmental changes of the area in early–middle Holocene that is demonstrating periods of regression and temperature trends.

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