Federal funding of nursing research by the National Institutes of Health (NIH): 1993 to 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Kiely ◽  
Annette B. Wysocki
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Baschal ◽  
Nick Ellinwood ◽  
Ashley Pacheco ◽  
Sally Peach ◽  
Mary Sweet ◽  
...  

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the major source of federal funding for biomedical research in the United States. Analysis of past and current NIH funding can illustrate funding trends and identify productive research topics, but these analyses are conducted *ad hoc* by the institutes themselves and only provide a small glimpse of the available data. The NIH provides free access to funding data via NIH EXPORTER, but no tools have been developed to enable analysis of this data. We developed the `nihexporter` R package, which provides access to NIH EXPORTER (http://exporter.nih.gov/) data. We used the package to develop several analysis vignettes that show funding trends across NIH institutes over 15 years and highlight differences in how institutes change their funding profiles. Investigators and institutions can use the package to perform self-studies of their own NIH funding.


Author(s):  
J. Benjamin Hurlbut

Chapter 3 examines events of the early 1990s, focusing in particular on the deliberations of the National Institutions of Health Human Embryo Research Panel (HERP). The National Institutes of Health established the HERP after congress passed legislation that ended a de facto moratorium on federal funding for human embryo research. The chapter demonstrates how the Panel drew on John Rawls’ theory of public reason to construct an account of public reason that privileged scientific authority, and examines the political and policy reactions to the Panel’s recommendations.


2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. e1-e4
Author(s):  
Raymond J. Bingham

A new program designed to help nurses teach parents, family members, and child care providers about risks and protective practices for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is now available from the National Institutes of Health. The Continuing Education Program on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Risk Reduction was developed by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), in collaboration with national nursing and infant health organizations. (Represented by Jeanette Xaichkin, RNC, MSN, The Academy of Neonatal Nursing Participated in the process.)


2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra A. Founds

Systems biology expands on general systems theory as the ``omics'' era rapidly progresses. Although systems biology has been institutionalized as an interdisciplinary framework in the biosciences, it is not yet apparent in nursing. This article introduces systems biology for nursing science by presenting an overview of the theory. This framework for the study of organisms from molecular to environmental levels includes iterations of computational modeling, experimentation, and theory building. Synthesis of complex biological processes as whole systems rather than isolated parts is emphasized. Pros and cons of systems biology are discussed, and relevance of systems biology to nursing is described. Nursing research involving molecular, physiological, or biobehavioral questions may be guided by and contribute to the developing science of systems biology. Nurse scientists can proactively incorporate systems biology into their investigations as a framework for advancing the interdisciplinary science of human health care. Systems biology has the potential to advance the research and practice goals of the National Institute for Nursing Research in the National Institutes of Health Roadmap initiative.


2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary D. Sigmon ◽  
Elaine L. Larson

The threat of bioterrorism and the need for biodefense are new challenges for the scientific community. Bioterrorism already has had significant effects on the nation’s health. Researchers involved in nursing research are addressing these effects and the many issues relevant to biodefense. To explore the role and potential contributions of nursing research in these arenas, the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) recently convened a science workgroup. The workgroup highlighted current knowledge in biodefense, suggested opportunities for nursing research, and proposed specific research topics and research training needs. The topics are integral to the strategic plan on biodefense developed by the National Institutes of Health and include biologic, behavioral, applied/translational, and health systems research. Nurse researchers can contribute particularly to biologic studies directed toward effective diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the effects of bioterrorism and biodefense.


2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 358-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher T. Robertson

The pharmaceutical and medical device industries use billions of dollars to support the biomedical science that physicians, regulators, and patients use to make healthcare decisions—the decisions that drive an increasingly large portion of the American economy. Compelling evidence suggests that this industry money buys favorable results, biasing the outcomes of scientific research. Current efforts to manage the problem, including disclosure mandates and peer reviews, are ineffective. A blinding mechanism, operating through an intermediary such as the National Institutes of Health, could instead be developed to allow industry support of science without allowing undue influence. If the editors of biomedical journals fail to mandate that industry funders utilize such a solution, the federal government has several regulatory levers available, including conditioning federal funding and direct regulation, both of which could be done without violating the First Amendment.


2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Nicolás Lafferriere

Questo articolo esamina le implicazioni giuridiche della ricerca sulle cellule staminali. Dopo un approccio sintetico alla nozione di cellule staminali e delle loro tipologie, vengono presentati i principi giuridici coinvolti in questa materia. Vengono analizzate Guidelines on Human Stem Cell Research approvate dal National Institutes of Health (NIH), pubblicate nel luglio 2009. Queste Linee-guida si applicano solo a quei progetti che hanno i finanziamenti del NIH e che si occupano di embrioni donati o al di fuori degli Stati Uniti. In un approccio critico, è possibile concludere che queste Linee-guida consentiranno il finanziamento di progetti che comportano la distruzione deliberata di embrioni umani, calpestando il diritto umano alla vita. Le Lineeguida includono alcuni divieti riguardanti la creazione di ibridi, la clonazione e la partenogenesi. Il consenso informato è stabilito nelle Linee-guida, ma questo requisito non legittima la ricerca che calpesta il diritto alla vita. Benché le Linee-guida conservano l’Emendamento Dickey che vieta il finanziamento federale per la distruzione degli embrioni, esse permetteranno il finanziamento federale per progetti che si occupano di cellule staminali embrionali che sono stati ottenuti attraverso la distruzione di embrioni umani con finanziamenti privati o provenienti dall’estero. Sebbene sarebbe possibile creare cellule staminali embrionali senza distruzione di embrioni, ci sarebbero obiezioni etiche e giuridiche concernenti l’impiego di tecnologie di riproduzione assistita. Al fine di fornire una regolamentazione giuridica completa della ricerca sulle cellule staminali è possibile: emanare norme penali che vietano la distruzione degli embrioni; vietare tecnologie di riproduzione assistita, specialmente quelle extracorporee; vietare tutti i processi di derivazione delle cellule staminali embrionali umane; proibire la donazione di embrioni umani; emanare una regolamentazione giuridica per le cellule staminali adulte. ---------- This paper considers the legal implications of stem cells research. After a synthetic approach to the notion of stem cells and their types, we present the juridical principles involved in this matter. We analize the Guidelines on Human Stem Cell Research approved by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) published on July 2009. This Guidelines apply only to those projects that have NIH funding and that deal with embryos donated in or outside the United States. In a critical approach, we conclude that these Guidelines will allow the funding of projects that will involve the deliberate destruction of human embryos, affecting his human right to life. The Guidelines include some prohibitions concerning the creation of hybrids, cloning and parthenogenesis. Informed consent is established in the Guidelines, but this requirement does not legitimize research that affects the right to life. Although the Guidelines maintain the Dickey Amendment which forbids federal funding for embryo destruction, it will allow federal funding for projects that deal with embryonic stem cells that were derived through the destruction of human embryos with private funding or overseas. Even if it would have been possible to create embryonic stem cells without embryo destruction, there would be ethical and juridical objections concerning the use of assisted reproduction technologies. In order to provide a complete legal regulation of stem cells research we propose: enact criminal laws forbidding embryo destruction; ban assisted reproduction technologies, especially extracorporeal ones; ban all process of derivation of embryonic human stem cells; forbid the donation of human embryos; enact a legal regulation for adult stem cells.


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