Face to face education to virtual classroom in the health sector during covid pandemic

The lockdown posed a great impact on teaching and learning process which aided in the shift of face to face education to virtual classroom. As the e- learning was newly introduced, it was difficult to execute initially due to prior unpreparedness. We put forth this study to analyse student's perspective and challenges faced in online education during pandemic times.The study was done in medical and allied health science colleges of Chennai and Puducherry. This is cross-sectional study conducted between June and August 2020. This is an online survey conducted through google forms circulated to undergraduates and post graduates of medical and allied health science courses. Frequencies and percentages were used to express the data. Statistical Analyses were done by SPSS software and graphs were made by Microsoft excel. We received response from 419 participants. Mobile phone was the widely used gadget to access online class. Most of the institutes conducted online class daily and assessment twice weekly. In student’s point of view, though e- learning had several disadvantages like poor net connectivity, clinical training inadequacy, difficulty in attending class for longer duration and unfavourable learning environment, it proved constructive at pandemic time. On improvement in the design of the learning environment and teaching system, the online learning platform would better to serve its purpose in future pandemic.

Spatiotemporal Cluster Patterns of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease at the Province level in Mainland China, 2009-2018

BackgroundAlthough three monovalent EV-A71 vaccines have been launched in mainland China since 2016, hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) still causes a considerable disease burden in China. Vaccines’ use may change the epidemiological characters of HFMD. This study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal cluster of HFMD at the province level in mainland China from 2009 to 2018 and compare the difference before and after the vaccines were launched. MethodsAll HFMD cases’ data from January 2009 to December 2018 were obtained from the public health science data center given by the Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention. Spatial autocorrelation analysis and space-time scan statistics analysis were used to explore the spatiotemporal distribution pattern of this disease at the provincial level in mainland China. ResultsThe median annual incidence of HFMD was 143.22 per 100,000 (ranging from 87.01 to 205.06) in mainland China from 2009 to 2018. Two peaks of infections were observed per year. Children 5 years and under were the main morbid population. The global autocorrelation analysis showed that the spatial distribution of HFMD was presented a significant clustering pattern in each year (P<0.001), and the local autocorrelation analysis indicated that the high incidence areas were clustered in the southern and southeastern coastal provinces. The distribution of HFMD cases was clustered in time and space. The range of cluster time was between April and October. The most likely cluster appeared in the southern coastal provinces (Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan) from 2010 to 2017 and in the southeastern coastal provinces (Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang) in 2018. ConclusionChanges in the spatiotemporal cluster of HFMD after the launch of EV-A71 vaccines were observed at the province level in mainland China in 2018. It is necessary to advance the EV-A71 vaccination plan, analyze the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of different enterovirus pathogens of HFMD, and promote HFMD multivalent vaccines.

Enhancing the effectiveness of flipped classroom in health science education: a state-of-the-art review

Background In a flipped classroom, students acquire knowledge before class and deepen and apply this knowledge during class. This way, lower-order learning goals are achieved before class and higher-order skills are reached during class. This study aims to provide an overview of the factors that contribute to the effectiveness of the flipped classroom and how these factors can be stimulated. The effectiveness of the flipped classroom is conceptualized in this study as test scores, the achievement of higher learning goals, and student perceptions. Methods A state-of-the-art review was conducted. The databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were consulted. The timeframe is 2016 till 2020. The studies were qualitatively analyzed according to the grounded theory method. Results After screening the studies based on the inclusion-and exclusion criteria, 88 studies were included in this review. The qualitative analysis of these studies revealed six main factors that affect the effectiveness of the flipped classroom: student characteristics, teacher characteristics, implementation, task characteristics, out-of-class activities, and in-class activities. Mediating factors are, amongst other factors, the learner’s level of self-regulated learning, teacher’s role and motivation, assessment approach, and guidance during self-study by means of prompts or feedback. These factors can be positively stimulated by structuring the learning process and focusing the teacher training on competencies and learning-and teaching approaches that are essential for the flipped classroom. Conclusion This paper provides insight into the factors that contribute to the effectiveness of the flipped classroom and how these factors could be stimulated. In order to stimulate the effectiveness of the flipped classroom, the positively and negatively affecting factors and mediating factors should be taken into account in the design of the flipped classroom. The interventions mentioned in this paper could also be used to enhance the effectiveness.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception on Bequeathing of Bodies for Medical Education and Research among Health Science Students of the University of Health and Allied Sciences.

Abstract Background: Cadaveric dissection is an established effective teaching method in anatomical science education. Cadaver acquisition for dissection is however based on voluntary body bequeathment. As a result of the increasing numbers of medical schools and students intake, the challenges of inadequate bodies for education became visible in most parts of the world as the main cadaver source remains anonymous corpses in the custody of the state. Cultural and religious beliefs or commercial purposes are among several factors that influence the decision about body donations. This study investigates the knowledge, attitude and perception of body bequeathing among health science students who benefitted or are potential beneficiary of cadaveric studies and identified factors influencing the bequest of bodies in Ghana for educational purposes among students in University of Health and Allied Sciences. Method: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The study recruited 513 students in the bachelor programmes for medicine, physician assistantship, nursing, midwifery, pharmacy and allied sciences at various levels. Both closed-and open-ended questions contained in a designed Questionnaire were administered. Result: About Seventy-four percent (74.1%) of respondents had heard of body bequeathal. Majority (98.3%) agreed body bequeathal was important. However, only 39.6% knew the requirements and processes of body bequeathal. Most (>90%) had a negative attitude towards body bequeathal. Conclusion: The study concluded that there was a high awareness of the importance of body bequeathal for medical education and research but very low procedural knowledge on bequeathing a body among health science students. Also most were unwillingness to donate their body or even encouraging others to donate their body. It is therefore recommended that the medical schools should set up accessible body bequeathal programmes that provides opportunities for interested individuals to be readily assisted through the process of body bequeathal. Keywords: Body Bequeathal, Medical Science Education, Cadaveric Dissection, Anatomical education

Nasal Carriage and Associated Factors of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Among Medicine and Health Science Students of Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia

Individuals with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonized nasal cavities were at greater risk of developing the infection and can serve as potential reservoirs of transmission. Aim of this study is to determine the extent of nasal carriage and associated factors linked to MRSA in medical and health science students of Arba Minch University (AMU), Ethiopia. An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted at AMU from 01st August through 30th November, 2020. A systematic sampling technique was used to recruit the participants. Socio-demographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Nasal swabs were collected and S. aureus were identified following standard microbiological methods. Methicillin resistance was tested using cefoxitin disk and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion. Biofilm forming ability was phenotypically detected by micro-titer plate assay. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analysis were done by Statistical Package for Social Service (SPSS) version 25. Overall prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA were 27.1% (70/258) and 7.4% (19/258) respectively. Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus carriage was higher among medical interns, 16.9% (11/65); isolates were co-resistant to antibiotics, such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (63.2%) and tetracycline (48.4%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed among 52.6% (10/19) of the isolates. Besides, 31.4% (6/19) of MRSA were biofilm producers and all of them were MDR. Multivariable analysis showed that students having >2 years of mean exposure to hospital [p= 0.048, AOR: 4.99, 95% CI: 1.01-24.66] and those who share clothing and sports equipment [p=0.017, AOR: 5.43, 95% CI: 1.35-21.83] were statistically significant. The overall prevalence of nasal MRSA among students were comparatively lower than that observed in other studies done in Ethiopia itself. An alarming factor is that, 60% of MDR-MRSA were biofilm producers.

Effectiveness and Efficacy of Vaccine on Mutated SARS-CoV-2 Virus and Post Vaccination Surveillance: A Narrative Review

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, as a result of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, since December 2019, is a major health problem and concern worldwide. The pandemic has impacted various fields, from the social to the development of health science and technology. The virus has been mutating and thus producing several new variants, rushing research in the field of molecular biology to develop rapidly to overcome the problems that occur. Vaccine clinical studies are developing promptly with the aim of obtaining vaccines that are effective in suppressing the spread of the virus; however, the development of viral mutations raises concerns about the decreasing effectiveness of the resulting vaccine, which also results in the need for more in-depth studies. There have been 330 vaccines developed, including 136 clinical developments and 194 pre-clinical developments. The SARS-CoV-2 variant continues to evolve today, and it poses a challenge in testing the effectiveness of existing vaccines. This is a narrative review describing the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, development of vaccine platforms, identification of concerning mutations and virus variants in various countries of the world, and real-world monitoring of post-vaccination effectiveness and surveillance.

Hubungan Sikap dan Dukungan Tenaga Kesehatan Dengan Keberhasilan Pemberian Asi Eksklusif Di wilayah Puskesmas Berangas Kabupaten Barito Kuala

ABSTRAK Pemberian ASI pada bayi sangat penting terutama dalam periode awal kehidupan. Akan tetapi, praktek dalam pemberian Air Susu Ibu (ASI) eksklusif belum mencapai target yang diharapkan. Keberhasilan ASI eksklusif dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor salah satunya adalah faktor dukungan dari tenaga kesehatan termasuk Bidan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan sikap dan dukungan tenaga kesehatan dengan keberhasilan pemberian ASI eksklusif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian untuk studi korelasi dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu yang memiliki bayi umur 6-12 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Berangas. Sampel penelitian 78 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel, yaitu accidental sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 53 orang (67,95%) diantaranya memiliki sikap positif terhadap pemberian ASI eksklusif, 61 orang (78,2 %) diantaranya mendapat dukungan yang baik dari tenaga kesehatan dan 40 orang (62,82%) berhasil memberikan ASI eksklusif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara sikap Ibu dengan keberhasilan pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan nilai p sebesar 0,004. Hal ini berarti bahwa semakin positif sikap, maka tingkat keberhasilan dalam pemberian ASI eksklusif juga akan meningkat. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara dukungan tenaga kesehatan dengan keberhasilan pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan nilai p sebesar 0,007. Hal ini berarti, semakin baik dukungan yang diberikan oleh tenaga kesehatan, maka keberhasilan pemberian ASI eksklusif juga kan meningkat. Keywords: ASI eksklusif, Dukungan Tenaga Kesehatan, Sikap DAFTAR PUSTAKA Argaheni, N. B., Putri, N. R., Yani, D. P., Prihartini, S. D., Muzayyaroh, M., Agussafutri, W. D., Azizah, N., Anggraini, D. D., Saragih, H. S., & Haslan, H. (2021). Konsep Dasar Kebidanan. Yayasan Kita Menulis.Azwar, S. (2013). Sikap Manusia dan Pengukurannya. Pusat Belajar Offset.Handayani, N. S. (2017). TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN IBU MENYUSUI TENTANG PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF DI DESA MADUREJO PRAMBANAN SLEMAN DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA.Jannah, I. (2021). PENATALAKSANAAN PRODUKSI ASI TIDAK LANCARPADA IBU NIFAS POST SC DI BPM SITI HOTIJAH S. ST,. M. M Kes. Bd. Stikes Ngudia Husada Madura.Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2017). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2017 (Vol. 1227, Issue July). https://doi.org/10.1002/qjKlikdokter. (2016). Jumlah ASI dan Cara Meningkatkannya. https://www.klikdokter.com/tanya-dokter/read/2808627/jumlah-asi-dan-cara-meningkatkannyaKurniyati, E. M., Sarti, S., & Irawati, B. (2021). Pengaruh Inisiasi Menyusui Dini Terhadap Perubahan Suhu Tubuh Bayi Baru Lahir. Journal Of Health Science (Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan), 6(1), 32–35.Proverawati Atikah, R. E. (2010). Kapita selekta ASI dan menyusui (Cetakan I,). Nuha Medika.Rahmiyati Ria, Widyasih Hesty, Y. S. M. (2019). PENGARUH E-BOOKLET TENTANG ASI EKSKLUSIF TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER III [Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta]. http://eprints.poltekkesjogja.ac.id/id/eprint/2194Septikasari, M. (2018). Peran Bidan dalam ASI Eksklusif di Kabupaten Cilacap. Jurnal Aisyah: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 3(2), 109–114.Soekidjo Notoatmodjo. (2010). Ilmu Perilaku Kesehatan (Edition Ce). Penerbit Rineka Cipta : JAKARTA., 2010.

Team Training for Interprofessional Insight, Networking and Guidance (T2IPING) points: a study protocol

Effective teamwork remains a crucial component in providing high-quality care to patients in today’s complex healthcare environment. A prevalent ‘us’ versus ‘them’ mentality among professions, however, impedes reliable team function in the clinical setting. More importantly, its corrosive influence extends to health professional students who model the ineffective behaviour as they learn from practicing clinicians. Simulation-based training (SBT) of health professional students in team-based competencies recognized to improve performance could potentially mitigate such negative influences. This quasi-experimental prospective study will evaluate the effectiveness and impact of incorporating a multi-year, health science centre-wide SBT curriculum for interprofessional student teams. It targets health professional students from the Schools of Medicine, Nursing and Allied Health at Louisiana State University (LSU) Health New Orleans. The intervention will teach interprofessional student teams key team-based competencies for highly reliable team behaviour using SBT. The study will use the Kirkpatrick framework to evaluate training effectiveness. Primary outcomes will focus on the impact of the training on immediate improvements in team-based skills and attitudes (Level 2). Secondary outcomes include students’ perception of the SBT (Level 1), its immediate impact on attitudes towards interprofessional education (Level 2) and its impact on team-based attitudes over time (Level 3).The Institutional Review Board at LSU Health New Orleans approved this research as part of an exempt protocol with a waiver of documentation of informed consent due to its educational nature. The research description for participants provides information on the nature of the project, privacy, dissemination of results and opting out of the research.