Analyzing spatio-temporal impacts of extreme rainfall events on metro ridership characteristics

2021 ◽  
pp. 126053
Author(s):  
Yufeng Zhou ◽  
Zihao Li ◽  
Yangyang Meng ◽  
Zhongwen Li ◽  
Maohua Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Extreme rainfall and drought events in Tamil Nadu, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-188
Author(s):  
R Rajkumar ◽  
CS Shaijumon ◽  
B Gopakumar ◽  
D Gopalakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
India Meteorological Department ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Temporal Dimensions

In the present study, we examined the exposure of the Tamil Nadu region, India, to droughts and extreme rainfall events using the Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and a classification scheme based on daily rainfall. We used high-resolution temperature and rainfall observations from the India Meteorological Department for the period 1951-2016. The robustness of the results was tested using the Mann-Kendall trend (M-K) test and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test. During the study period, there were statistically significant increasing trends in drought area (90% significance level), maximum drought intensity (99% significance level) and maximum drought severity (99% significance level) over the Tamil Nadu region. There has also been an increase in the frequency and intensity of heavy rainfall events in recent years. The spatio-temporal dimensions of this study suggest an increasing exposure of this semi-arid, rain shadow region to severe droughts and extreme rainfall events in recent decades. The results provide sufficient grounds to substantiate the necessity of immediate interventions at the policy level.

Aggregation of Spatial Extremes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Richards ◽  
Jonathan Tawn
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Dependence Structure ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Spatial Extremes ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Theoretical Results

<div> <p>Fluvial flooding is caused by excessive rainfall sustained over extended periods of time and over spatial catchment areas. Although methodology for modelling excessive, or extreme, rainfall events is extensive and well researched, the same cannot be said about how the extremal properties of spatial and temporal aggregations of rainfall are related. We hope to rectify this by developing a methodology for modelling extremes at different spatio-temporal scales and which incorporates a wide range of dependence structures.</p> </div><div> <p>Research on modelling aggregated spatial extremes is ongoing, but here we present some interesting first-order behavior for the tails of aggregates of (dependent) variables. Marginally these variables are assumed to have GPD tails and we focus on exploring how properties of the dependence structure influence the tail properties of the aggregate. The implications of our theoretical results for statistical purposes will be discussed.</p> </div><div> <p> </p> </div>

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal Variability and Trends of Mean and Extreme Rainfall Events in the Sudano-sahelian Region of Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim NJOUENWET ◽  
Lucie A. Djiotang Tchotchou ◽  
Brian Odhiambo Ayugi ◽  
Guy Merlin Guenang ◽  
Derbetini A. Vondou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Precipitation Concentration ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The Sudano-Sahelian region of Cameroon is mainly drained by the Benue, Chari and Logone rivers, which are very useful for water resources, especially for irrigation, hydropower generation, and navigation. Long-term changes in mean and extreme rainfall events in the region may be of crucial importance in understanding the impact of climate change. Daily and monthly rainfall data from twenty-five synoptic stations in the study area from 1980 to 2019 and extreme indices from the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) measurements were estimated using the non-parametric Modified Mann-Kendall test and the Sen slope estimator. The precipitation concentration index (PCI), the precipitation concentration degree (PCD), and the precipitation concentration period (PCP) were used to explore the spatio-temporal variations in the characteristics of rainfall concentrations. An increase in extreme rainfall events was observed, leading to an upward trend in mean annual. Trends in consecutive dry days (CDD) are significantly increasing in most parts of the study area. This could mean that the prevalence of drought risk is higher in the study area. Overall, the increase in annual rainfall could benefit the hydro-power sector, agricultural irrigation, the availability of potable water sources, and food security.

Investigating the Global Monsoon by networks of extreme rainfall events

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Strnad ◽  
Bedartha Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Weather System ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Global Monsoon ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Precise Representation

<p>A defining feature of the Earth’s climate is the annual variation of heavy precipitation and convergent wind circulation in the tropics and subtropics. This dominant mode of hemispherically distributed rainfall is often termed the 'global monsoon', comprising of regional monsoon systems on every continent. Monsoon regions are defined using<strong> </strong>annual precipitation differences and average seasonality rather than by the dynamical similarities of rainfall dynamics<strong>; </strong>they thus<strong> </strong>fail to (i) consider global patterns of extreme rainfall events (EREs), and (ii) take into account spatio-temporal similarities in timing and intensity of monsoonal circulation.</p><p>In this work, we investigate the dynamics of the Global Monsoon using the framework of complex networks derived from extreme rainfall events. In particular, we use time-delayed event synchronization applied to the GPCP rainfall dataset to first extract a network of global ERE teleconnections. We then identify regions with similar ERE patterns by applying<strong> </strong>on the global ERE network a Bayesian hierarchical clustering approach based on the stochastic block model.</p><p>Our work presents evidence to place different monsoon regions in a global context and therefore to describe them as a unified system with common underlying dynamics: Besides known teleconnections, our method captures various differently resolved representations of the global weather system. These range from a description containing two clusters separated by the hemispheric equator to a precise representation of distinguishable but connected monsoon regions. We argue that the global monsoon can be regarded as a hierarchical complex system into which regional monsoons are embedded in intermediate levels of the clustering hierarchy.</p>

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal variability and trends of precipitation and extreme rainfall events in Ethiopia in 1980–2010

2017 ◽  
Vol 134 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 1315-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridhar Gummadi ◽  
K. P. C. Rao ◽  
Jemal Seid ◽  
Gizachew Legesse ◽  
M. D. M. Kadiyala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The Influence of Geographical Factors on Extreme Rainfalls in Lampung Province

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
M Welly
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Design Flood ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Ungauged Basin ◽  
Flood Discharge ◽  
Design Rainfall ◽  
Geographical Factors

Many people in Indonesia calculate design rainfall before calculating the design flooddischarge. The design rainfall with a certain return period will eventually be convertedinto a design flood discharge by combining it with the characteristics of the watershed.However, the lack of a network of rainfall recording stations makes many areas that arenot hydrologically measured (ungauged basin), so it is quite difficult to know thecharacteristics of rain in the area concerned. This study aims to analyze thecharacteristics of design rainfall in Lampung Province. The focus of the analysis is toinvestigate whether geographical factors influence the design rainfall that occurs in theparticular area. The data used in this study is daily rainfall data from 15 rainfallrecording stations spread in Lampung Province. The method of frequency analysis usedin this study is the Gumbel method. The research shows that the geographical location ofan area does not have significant effect on extreme rainfall events. The effect of risingearth temperatures due to natural exploitation by humans tends to be stronger as a causeof extreme events such as extreme rainfall.Keywords: Influence, geographical, factors, extreme, rainfall.

CLIMATOLOGY OF EXTREME RAINFALL EVENTS IN EASTERN AND NORTHERN SANTA CATARINA STATE, BRAZIL: PRESENT AND FUTURE CLIMATE

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Becker Nunes ◽  
Gilson Carlos Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Climate Model ◽  
Climate Modeling ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
Santa Catarina State

ABSTRACT. The eastern region of Santa Catarina State (Brazil) has an important history of natural disasters due to extreme rainfall events. Floods and landslides are enhancedby local features such as orography and urbanization: the replacement of natural surface coverage causing more surface runoff and, hence, flooding. Thus, studies of this type of events – which directly influence life in the towns – take on increasing importance. This work makes a quantitative analysis of occurrences of extreme rainfall events in the eastern and northern regions of Santa Catarina State in the last 60 years, through individual analysis, considering the history of floods ineach selected town, as well as an estimate through to the end of century following regional climate modeling. A positive linear trend, in most of the towns studied, was observed in the results, indicating greater frequency of these events in recent decades, and the HadRM3P climate model shows a heterogeneous increase of events for all towns in the period from 2071 to 2100.Keywords: floods, climate modeling, linear trend. RESUMO. A região leste do Estado de Santa Catarina tem um importante histórico de desastres naturais ocasionados por eventos extremos de precipitação. Inundações e deslizamentos de terra são potencializados pelo relevo acidentado e pela urbanização das cidades da região: a vegetação nativa vem sendo removida acarretando um maior escoamento superficial e, consequentemente, em inundações. Desta forma, torna-se de suma importância os estudos acerca deste tipo de evento que influencia diretamente a sociedade em geral. Neste trabalho é realizada uma análise quantitativa do número de eventos severos de precipitação ocorridos nas regiões leste e norte de Santa Catarina dos últimos 60 anos, por meio de uma análise pontual, considerandoo histórico de inundações de cada cidade selecionada, além de uma projeção para o fim do século de acordo com modelagem climática regional. Na análise dos resultados observou-se uma tendência linear positiva na maioria das cidades, indicando uma maior frequência deste tipo de evento nas últimas décadas, e o modelo climático HadRM3P mostra um aumento heterogêneo no número de eventos para todas as cidades no período de 2071 a 2100.Palavras-chave: inundações, modelagem climática, tendência linear.

Comparing vulnerability and institutional capacities in three Latin American coastal localities in response to extreme rainfall events

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Ruiz-Luna ◽  
Claudia Martínez-Peralta ◽  
Patricia P. B. Eichler ◽  
Leonardo R. Teixeira ◽  
Montserrat Acosta-Morel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events

scholarly journals Tropical cyclone contribution to extreme rainfall over southwest Pacific Island nations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Deo ◽  
Savin S. Chand ◽  
Hamish Ramsay ◽  
Neil J. Holbrook ◽  
Simon McGree ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Southwest Pacific ◽  
Inactive Phase ◽  
Pacific Island Nations

AbstractSouthwest Pacific nations are among some of the worst impacted and most vulnerable globally in terms of tropical cyclone (TC)-induced flooding and accompanying risks. This study objectively quantifies the fractional contribution of TCs to extreme rainfall (hereafter, TC contributions) in the context of climate variability and change. We show that TC contributions to extreme rainfall are substantially enhanced during active phases of the Madden–Julian Oscillation and by El Niño conditions (particularly over the eastern southwest Pacific region); this enhancement is primarily attributed to increased TC activity during these event periods. There are also indications of increasing intensities of TC-induced extreme rainfall events over the past few decades. A key part of this work involves development of sophisticated Bayesian regression models for individual island nations in order to better understand the synergistic relationships between TC-induced extreme rainfall and combinations of various climatic drivers that modulate the relationship. Such models are found to be very useful for not only assessing probabilities of TC- and non-TC induced extreme rainfall events but also evaluating probabilities of extreme rainfall for cases with different underlying climatic conditions. For example, TC-induced extreme rainfall probability over Samoa can vary from ~ 95 to ~ 75% during a La Niña period, if it coincides with an active or inactive phase of the MJO, and can be reduced to ~ 30% during a combination of El Niño period and inactive phase of the MJO. Several other such cases have been assessed for different island nations, providing information that have potentially important implications for planning and preparing for TC risks in vulnerable Pacific Island nations.

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