scholarly journals Orexin/hypocretin receptor 1 signaling mediates Pavlovian cue-food conditioning and extinction

2016 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara E. Keefer ◽  
Sindy Cole ◽  
Gorica D. Petrovich
Keyword(s):  
Food Conditioning

Responsiveness of young herring gulls to stimuli from their own and other species: effects of training with food

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1452-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger M. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Larus Argentatus ◽  
Herring Gull ◽  
Vocal Responses ◽  
Herring Gulls ◽  
Species Effects ◽  
Initial Tendency ◽  
Food Conditioning

Young herring gulls (Larus argentatus) are known to emit vocalizations and approach their mew-calling parents when the latter return lo the colony with food for their chicks. In contrast, laboratory-reared young deprived of experience with adults approach and vocalize only rarely lo parental mew calls, although they will respond more strongly to the mew calls of two other species. These results suggest that posthatch experience, such as receipt of food from a calling parent, may be important for the normal development of responses to species typical calls. I tested the effects of food training by exposing young herring gulls, in the laboratory, lo mew calls during feedings. By 7 days of age, responses to herring gull calls increased significantly for young trained with these calls, and the initial tendency for the young to respond selectively to mew calls of the ring-billed gull (L. delawarensis) was reversed. Food training also influenced approach and vocal responses to a visual stimulus (my hand) used to deliver food. Results suggest that approach and vocal responses of young herring gulls may be strongly and adaptively influenced by food conditioning during the first few days after hatching.

Motor food conditioning before and after destruction of the red nucleus in cats

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-268
Author(s):  
L. S. Gambaryan ◽  
I. R. Madatova ◽  
A. A. Garibyan ◽  
I. N. Koval' ◽  
G. T. Sarkisov
Keyword(s):  
Red Nucleus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Food Conditioning

Intragastric glucose but not fructose conditions robust flavor preferences in rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (2) ◽  
pp. R320-R325 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sclafani ◽  
C. Cardieri ◽  
K. Tucker ◽  
D. Blusk ◽  
K. Ackroff
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Stimulus ◽  
Flavor Preference ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Significant Preference ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Flavored Water ◽  
Subsequent Choice ◽  
Food Conditioning ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Reinforcing Effects

Prior work indicates that glucose and fructose differ in their postingestive reinforcing effects. The present study investigated this phenomenon by training rats to associate the intake of flavored water with intragastric (IG) infusions of 16% sugar solutions. In experiment 1, rats had one flavor [conditional stimulus (CS)] paired with IG sugar infusions (CS+; e.g., cherry) and another flavor paired with IG water (CS-; e.g., grape) 23 h/day; Chow was available ad libitum. In subsequent choice tests, rats infused with glucose displayed a strong preference (89%) for the CS+ flavor, whereas rats infused with fructose showed only a small and nonreliable CS+ flavor preference (62%). When next trained to associate one flavor (e.g., orange) with IG glucose and another flavor (e.g., strawberry) with IG fructose, rats in both groups developed a significant preference (81%) for the glucose-paired flavor. In experiment 2, food-deprived rats were trained 2 h/day to associate a CS+ flavor with IG sugar and a CS- flavor with IG water infusions. The glucose-reinforced rats displayed a near-total preference (95%) for the CS+ flavor, whereas fructose-reinforced rats showed a much smaller CS+ preference (67%). The preference findings indicate that the postingestive consequences of glucose are much more reinforcing than those of fructose. It appears that food conditioning is mediated by chemospecific actions of nutrients rather than their general satiating or energy repleting effects.

scholarly journals Adhesion of food-borne bacteria to stainless steel is reduced by food conditioning films

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 1268-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Bernbom ◽  
Y.Y. Ng ◽  
R.L. Jørgensen ◽  
A. Arpanaei ◽  
R.L. Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Food Conditioning ◽  
Conditioning Films

Transfer of the partial reinforcement extinction effect between escape (shock) and appetitive (food) conditioning

1980 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack R. Nation ◽  
Dan M. Wrather ◽  
Roger L. Mellgren ◽  
Martha Spivey
Keyword(s):  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Partial Reinforcement Extinction Effect ◽  
Food Conditioning

The Pavlovian craver: Neural and experiential correlates of single trial naturalistic food conditioning in humans

2016 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Blechert ◽  
G. Testa ◽  
C. Georgii ◽  
W. Klimesch ◽  
F.H. Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Single Trial ◽  
Food Conditioning

scholarly journals Embryonic Methamphetamine Exposure Inhibits Methamphetamine Cue Conditioning and Reduces Dopamine Concentrations in Adult N2 Caenorhabditis elegans

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon N. Katner ◽  
Bethany S. Neal-Beliveau ◽  
Eric A. Engleman
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Well Test ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Liquid Filtration ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Embryonic Exposure ◽  
Conditioning Data ◽  
Food Conditioning

Methamphetamine (MAP) addiction is substantially prevalent in today's society, resulting in thousands of deaths and costing billions of dollars annually. Despite the potential deleterious consequences, few studies have examined the long-term effects of embryonic MAP exposure. Using the invertebrate nematode Caenorhabditis elegans allows for a controlled analysis of behavioral and neurochemical changes due to early developmental drug exposure. The objective of the current study was to determine the long-term behavioral and neurochemical effects of embryonic exposure to MAP in C. elegans. In addition, we sought to improve our conditioning and testing procedures by utilizing liquid filtration, as opposed to agar, and smaller, 6-well testing plates to increase throughput. Wild-type N2 C. elegans were embryonically exposed to 50 μM MAP. Using classical conditioning, adult-stage C. elegans were conditioned to MAP (17 and 500 μM) in the presence of either sodium ions (Na+) or chloride ions (Cl-) as conditioned stimuli (CS+/CS-). Following conditioning, a preference test was performed by placing worms in 6-well test plates spotted with the CS+ and CS- at opposite ends of each well. A preference index was determined by counting the number of worms in the CS+ target zone divided by the total number of worms in the CS+ and CS- target zones. A food conditioning experiment was also performed in order to determine whether embryonic MAP exposure affected food conditioning behavior. For the neurochemical experiments, adult worms that were embryonically exposed to MAP were analyzed for dopamine (DA) content using high-performance liquid chromatography. The liquid filtration conditioning procedure employed here in combination with the use of 6-well test plates significantly decreased the time required to perform these experiments and ultimately increased throughput. The MAP conditioning data found that pairing an ion with MAP at 17 or 500 μM significantly increased the preference for that ion (CS+) in worms that were not pre-exposed to MAP. However, worms embryonically exposed to MAP did not exhibit significant drug cue conditioning. The inability of MAP-exposed worms to condition to MAP was not associated with deficits in food conditioning, as MAP-exposed worms exhibited a significant cue preference associated with food. Furthermore, our results found that embryonic MAP exposure reduced DA levels in adult C. elegans, which could be a key mechanism contributing to the long-term effects of embryonic MAP exposure. It is possible that embryonic MAP exposure may be impairing the ability of C. elegans to learn associations between MAP and the CS+ or inhibiting the reinforcing properties of MAP. However, our food conditioning data suggest that MAP-exposed animals can form associations between cues and food. The depletion of DA levels during embryonic exposure to MAP could be responsible for driving either of these processes during adulthood.

Food Conditioning and Prey Selection by Young Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens)

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward L. Mills ◽  
Daniel V. Widzowski ◽  
Suzanne R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Daphnia Pulex ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Diet Breadth ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Test Mixture ◽  
Food Conditioning

We tested how diet conditioning influences prey species selection by age-0 yellow perch (Perca flavescens) in laboratory experiments. We conditioned yellow perch to diets of different ratios of Daphnia pulex and Diaptomus sicilis and then offered them an experimental 1:1 test mixture of each prey. The influence of conditioning on prey selection was found not to be random, and prey were consumed neither in proportion to the 1:1 test mix nor to the ratio of prey in the conditioning diet. Young yellow perch switched to novel prey and did not specialize on the most frequently encountered prey in conditioning diets. However, when yellow perch were conditioned and tested on the 1:1 Diaptomus to Daphnia mix, these fish selected Diaptomus until they reached 35–40 mm total length when they switched to the larger bodied Daphnia. We hypothesize that young yellow perch may switch to novel prey because nutritional advantages associated with diet breadth may outweigh the advantage of feeding on familiar prey.

Involvement of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex in high-fat food conditioning in adolescent mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 283 ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danila Del Rio ◽  
Victoria Cano ◽  
Miriam Martín-Ramos ◽  
Mariano Gómez ◽  
Lidia Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Food Conditioning
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