Variable-density buoyancy-driven turbulence with asymmetric initial density distribution

The deformation behavior during axisymmetric upsetting of sintered metals has been studied based on the finite-element method. The investigation on the effects of the initial density distribution, void shape and die friction on the density distribution and punch force during deformation have been conducted. It was found that under low-friction conditions, the initial density distribution affects the deformation geometry and the density distribution. However, the effect of the initial density distribution was found to be negligible under high-friction conditions. The initial density distribution did not affect the punch force or the average density, regardless of the friction conditions. When the force is perpendicular to semi-major axis of elliptical void, it is not only good for densification but also decrease the punch force in forging of porous metal.

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IV.—Expansion of a Finite One-dimensional Gas Cloud into a Vacuum

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Section A Mathematical and Physical Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0080454100007329 ◽

1953 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 57-70

Author(s):

A. G. Mackie

Keyword(s):

Density Distribution ◽

Analytical Solutions ◽

Initial Density ◽

Initial Distribution ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Gas Streams ◽

Subsequent Motion ◽

Gas Cloud ◽

Initial Density Distribution ◽

Stationary Period

SynopsisAn investigation is made of the motion of a one-dimensional finite gas cloud which is initially at rest and is allowed to expand into a vacuum in both directions. The density of the gas at rest is assumed to rise steadily and continuously from zero at the boundaries to a maximum in the interior of the cloud.If the subsequent motion is continuous, it is completely specified by analytical solutions in seven different regions of the x-t plane joined together along characteristics. The motion of one of the boundaries is discussed, and conditions found for it to have (i) an initial stationary period or (ii) a final constant velocity of advance into the vacuum. The gas streams in both directions from a dividing point at zero velocity. This point ultimately tends to the mid-point of the initial distribution.The possible breakdown of the continuity of the motion is discussed, and a condition on the initial density distribution found for shock-free flow to be maintained.

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The normal motion of a shock wave through a non-uniform one-dimensional medium

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A - Mathematical and Physical Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspa.1955.0223 ◽

1955 ◽

Vol 232 (1190) ◽

pp. 350-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Keyword(s):

Shock Wave ◽

Density Distribution ◽

Contact Discontinuity ◽

Initial Density ◽

Incident Shock ◽

Shock Strength ◽

Total Strength ◽

Reflected Wave ◽

Uniform Medium ◽

Initial Density Distribution

The non-uniform medium is regarded as a succession of small-density discontinuities separated by uniform regions. Consideration of the interaction of a shock wave with a weak contact discontinuity gives a first-order relationship between change in shock strength and change in density across the discontinuity, which is integrated to give the shock strength as a function of the initial density of the non-uniform medium in closed form. Due to the passage of the shock, a wave is reflected back through the non-uniform medium, generating in turn a doubly reflected wave which eventually catches up the shock. A complete description of the flow as modified by the first reflected wave is obtained. The modifications to the flow caused by the doubly reflected wave are more difficult to formulate, and a complete description of the flow so modified is not given. The extra difficulty is partly due to the dependence of the doubly reflected wave on the initial density distribution, whereas the motion of the incident shock, and the flow behind it as modified only by the first reflected wave, are found to have the useful property that they are independent of the particular density-distance distribution being considered. Calculations of the total strength of the doubly reflected wave, and the strength of the incident shock when this wave has fully merged with it, have been made for a particular density distribution. A comparison of this calculated strength with the strength of the shock transmitted, after the interaction of a shock wave and a contact discontinuity, suggests that a description of the flow which takes account only of the single and double reflexions is satisfactory, even if the initial density distribution varies considerably.

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The Ionization and Expansion of a Globule of Interstellar Gas overun by a Weak R Type Ionization Front

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A ◽

10.1515/zna-1977-0704 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 32 (7) ◽

pp. 692-696

Author(s):

J. S. Berry

Keyword(s):

Density Distribution ◽

Similarity Solution ◽

Spherical Symmetry ◽

Initial Density ◽

Neutral Hydrogen ◽

Ionization Front ◽

Interstellar Gas ◽

Ionized Gas ◽

Initial Density Distribution

Abstract The flow of the ionized gas behind a contracting ionization front is investigated for spherical symmetry. A similarity solution is given when the initial density distribution in the neutral hydrogen is ω0/rα- where r is the distance from the centre of contraction.

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The Evolution of Young Supernova Remnants

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900033751 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 101 ◽

pp. 119-124

Author(s):

A. C. Fabian ◽

W. Brinkmann ◽

G. C. Stewart

Keyword(s):

Density Distribution ◽

Stellar Wind ◽

Supernova Remnants ◽

Initial Conditions ◽

Numerical Models ◽

Variable Mass ◽

Initial Density ◽

X Ray ◽

Cassiopeia A ◽

Initial Density Distribution

Einstein X-ray observations of the young supernova remnants Cassiopeia A (Murray et al. 1980) and Tycho (Seward, Gorenstein and Tucker 1982) indicate that the swept-up mass does not much exceed that of the observed ejecta. The initial density distribution of the ejecta and surrounding material is then important in determining the X-ray structure and evolution. Some aspects of this behaviour have been dealt with in previous numerical (e.g. Gull 1973; Itoh 1977; Jones, Smith and Straka 1981) and analytical (e.g. Chevalier 1982a,b) studies. We present here results obtained from numerical models covering a wider range of initial conditions. In particular, we consider the effect of a constant stellar wind from the progenitor star on the expansion of the remnant. We have previously suggested that variable mass loss from SN1006 may explain its warm filled interior (Fabian, Stewart and Brinkmann 1982).

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NTM-01: Finite Element Study of Effects of a Non-uniform Initial Density Distribution on Powder Forging Process(NTM-I: NON TRADITIONAL MANUFACTURING PROCESS)

The Proceedings of the JSME Materials and Processing Conference (M&P) ◽

10.1299/jsmeintmp.2005.44_3 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 2005 (0) ◽

pp. 44

Author(s):

T. ASAWAPICHAYACHOTE ◽

J. CARMAI ◽

A. MANONUKUL

Keyword(s):

Finite Element ◽

Density Distribution ◽

Manufacturing Process ◽

Initial Density ◽

Forging Process ◽

Finite Element Study ◽

Traditional Manufacturing ◽

Initial Density Distribution ◽

Element Study

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Computed Dynamic Compaction of a Two-Layered Copper Powder Medium

Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology ◽

10.1115/1.3443662 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 101 (2) ◽

pp. 122-128

Author(s):

Yukio Sano ◽

Kiyohiro Miyagi

Keyword(s):

Density Distribution ◽

Layered Medium ◽

Initial Density ◽

Dynamic Compaction ◽

Volume Distribution ◽

Green Density ◽

Compaction Process ◽

Density Distributions ◽

Powder Medium ◽

Initial Density Distribution

In the paper presented a dynamic compaction of a two-layered powder medium is analyzed. A two-layered medium is used because it is the simplest form of layered medium available. The layers are differentiated not in terms of different powdered materials but rather a difference in terms of initial-density (initial specific volume) distribution, that is a higher initial density distribution and a lower initial density distribution. Again for these initial density distributions, two forms of arrangement can be considered; for the first situation, the layer to be impacted has a lower initial density distribution, while for the second situation the arrangement is reversed. The objective of this paper, therefore, is to examine the effect that the initial density sequence has on the compaction process and on the green density of a layered powder medium, especially in terms of shock wave and elastic wave influence.

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Estimation of the initial density distribution in plasma–metal liners

Technical Physics ◽

10.1134/s1063784216050194 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 61 (5) ◽

pp. 676-682 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. G. Rousskikh ◽

A. S. Zhigalin ◽

V. I. Oreshkin

Keyword(s):

Density Distribution ◽

Initial Density ◽

Initial Density Distribution

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Evolvement law of a macroscopic traffic model accounting for density-dependent relaxation time

Modern Physics Letters B ◽

10.1142/s0217984917502918 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (31) ◽

pp. 1750291 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Yu-Qing Wang ◽

Xing-Jian Chu ◽

Chao-Fan Zhou ◽

Bin Jia ◽

Sen Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relaxation Time ◽

Traffic Flow ◽

Flow Model ◽

Initial Density ◽

Traffic Model ◽

Traffic Flow Model ◽

Density Dependent ◽

Macroscopic Traffic Flow ◽

Boundary Perturbations ◽

Initial Density Distribution

In this paper, a modified macroscopic traffic flow model is presented. The term of the density-dependent relaxation time is introduced here. The relation between the relaxation time and the density in traffic flow is presented quantitatively. Besides, a factor R depicting varied properties of traffic flow in different traffic states is also introduced in the formulation of the model. Furthermore, the evolvement law of traffic flow with distinctly initial density distribution and boundary perturbations is emphasized.

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Optimization of Texture Density Distribution of Carbide Alloy Micro-Textured Ball-End Milling Cutter Based on Stress Field

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10030818 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 818

Author(s):

Minli Zheng ◽

Chunsheng He ◽

Shucai Yang

Keyword(s):

Wear Resistance ◽

Stress Field ◽

Density Distribution ◽

Titanium Alloys ◽

Contact Area ◽

End Milling ◽

Variable Density ◽

Milling Cutter ◽

Ball End Milling ◽

Texture Density

The insertion of micro-textures plays a role in reducing friction and increasing wear resistance of the cutters, which also has a certain impact on the stress field of the cutter during milling. Therefore, in order to study the mechanisms of friction reduction and wear resistance of micro-textured cutters in high speed cutting of titanium alloys, the dynamic characteristics of the instantaneous stress field during the machining of titanium alloys with micro-textured cutters were studied by changing the distribution density of the micro-textures on the cutter. First, the micro-texture insertion area of the ball-end milling cutter was theoretically analyzed. Then, variable density micro-textured ball-end milling cutters and non-texture cutters were used to cut titanium alloy, and the mathematical model of milling force and cutter-chip contact area was established. Then, the stress density functions of different micro-texture density cutters and non-texture cutters were established to simulate the stress fields of variable density micro-textured ball-end milling cutters and non-texture cutters. Finally, the genetic algorithm was used to optimize the variable density distribution of micro-textured cutters in which the instantaneous stress field of the cutters was taken as the optimization objective. The optimal solution for the variable density distribution of the micro-textured cutter in the cutter-chip tight contact area was obtained as follows: the texture distribution densities in the first, second, and third areas are second, and third areas are 0.0905, 0.0712, and 0.0493, respectively.

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