Genetic analysis of Lepidium spp. by SSR and ISSR molecular markers

The behavior of six citrus rootstocks, Volkameriana, Citrumelo ‘Swingle’, Citrange ‘Carrizo’, Poncirus trifoliata ‘Serra’, Poncirus trifoliata ‘Rubidoux’ and Poncirus trifoliata ‘Flying Dragon’, in in vitro propagation was studied and compared for shoot proliferation and rooting. In addition, the genetic relationships among the rootstocks studied and other Citrus species, using the Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) molecular markers, were investigated. Nodal explants of three months old shoots were used in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with N6-benzyladenine (BA) for shoot proliferation and with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for rooting. The rootstock Volkameriana showed a statistically significant higher number of shoots (1.81), shoot length (15.14 mm) and number of leaves per explant (5.81), while all three Poncirus trifoliata rootstocks showed the lowest numbers. The number of roots and root length per explant were evaluated at the end of the rooting phase. The rootstock ‘Swingle’ showed a higher number of roots per explant (4.2) followed by ‘Flying Dragon’ (3.93) and ‘Carrizo’ (3.23) rootstocks. The rootstocks ‘Swingle’ (140.8 mm), Volkameriana (148 mm) and ‘Flying Dragon’ (131.12 mm) had significantly higher root length per explant compared to ‘Carrizo’ (31 mm) and ‘Rubidoux’ (34.5 mm). The ISSR molecular marker technique used in the present study grouped successfully the different species, varieties and rootstocks studied, revealing their genetic variability. The genetic variability observed among the rootstocks ranged between 0.29 (Poncirus trifoliata ‘Serra’ and Citrumelo ‘Swingle’) and 0.60 (Volkameriana and Citrumelo ‘Swingle’). The response of the rootstocks studied in in vitro propagation however is not related to their genetic affinity.

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Molecular Markers

Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies - Molecular Plant Breeding and Genome Editing Tools for Crop Improvement ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-4312-2.ch002 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 16-52

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Nucleotide Sequence ◽

Genetic Analysis ◽

Plant Breeding ◽

Genome Analysis ◽

Morphological Difference ◽

Basic Principles ◽

Versatile Tool ◽

New Varieties ◽

Rate Of Success

Conventionally, establishment of relationship between the genotype and phenotype through genetic analysis was considered as key to success in plant breeding. The discovery of molecular markers has changed the entire scenario of genome analysis. Coinheritance of a gene of interest and a marker suggests that they are physically close on the chromosome. A marker must be polymorphic in nature for their identification and utilization. Such polymorphism can be detected at three levels: phenotype (morphological), difference in biomolecules (biochemical), or differences in the nucleotide sequence of DNA (molecular). These markers act as a versatile tool and find their importance in taxonomy, plant breeding, gene mapping, cultivar identification, and forensic science. They have several advantages over the conventional methods of plant breeding for developing new varieties with higher rate of success. This chapter covers the basic principles and applications of various types of markers with special emphasis on molecular markers.

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Genetic analysis and gene detection of fructan content using DArT molecular markers in spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain

Molecular Breeding ◽

10.1007/s11032-020-1102-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Zhankui Zeng ◽

Chunping Wang ◽

Zhenghong Wang ◽

Zhipeng Han ◽

Liming Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Molecular Markers ◽

Genetic Analysis ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Gene Detection ◽

Spring Bread Wheat

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Tracing the remnants of medieval raspberries using molecular markers

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262115000209 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 149-156

Author(s):

Vesna Novak ◽

Anton Ivancic ◽

Andrej Susek ◽

Metka Sisko

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Genetic Analysis ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Molecular Study ◽

Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽

Microsatellite Data ◽

Clustering Method ◽

Natural Conditions ◽

Fruit Setting

Our investigation was based on a molecular study of the genetic relationships among raspberry genotypes collected around selected medieval castles, Carthusian monasteries and nearby villages. We assumed that the hypothetical medieval raspberry genotypes could be traced to isolated medieval settlements that used to be highly prosperous during the feudal era but were later abandoned. Some of these genotypes could have survived in natural conditions without seed multiplication for at least three centuries. The molecular genetic analysis was based on microsatellite data. A total of 155 alleles were detected at 18 microsatellite loci. The clustering method grouped the analysed genotypes into seven main clusters. The analyses indicated that the most probable medieval genotypes had been collected around the ruins of two abandoned Carthusian monasteries: Zice and Jurkloster. They were morphologically very similar, vigorous and primitive but obviously not wild genotypes. The plants could be more than 2.3 m high, the canes were medium waxy, the lower and upper parts of the canes were covered by sparse short spines, the mid part was more or less completely smooth, the fully developed leaves were 15–25 cm long and the inflorescences were loose. In addition, the flowers were relatively small, the fruit setting was poor and the fruits were small, ovoid to conical and more aromatic than those of modern cultivars.

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