Metabolic disturbances in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) during infection with Beet necrotic yellow vein virus

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 101520
Author(s):  
Kimberly M. Webb ◽  
William M. Wintermantel ◽  
Lisa Wolfe ◽  
Linxing Yao ◽  
Laura Jenkins Hladky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances

scholarly journals First Report of Rhizomania Disease of Sugar Beet Caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus in the Great Lakes Production Region

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Wintermantel ◽  
Teresa Crook ◽  
Ralph Fogg
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Polymyxa Betae ◽  
Mechanical Inoculation ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Das Elisa

Rhizomania, caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) and vectored by the soilborne fungus Polymyxa betae Keskin, is one of the most economically damaging diseases affecting sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). The virus likely originated in Europe and was first identified in California in 1983 (1). It has since spread among American sugar beet production regions in spite of vigorous sanitation efforts, quarantine, and disease monitoring (3). In the fall of 2002, mature sugar beet plants exhibiting typical rhizomania root symptoms, including proliferation of hairy roots, vascular discoloration, and some root constriction (2) were found in several fields scattered throughout central and eastern Michigan. Symptomatic beets were from numerous cultivars, all susceptible to rhizomania. Two to five sugar beet root samples were collected from each field and sent to the USDA-ARS in Salinas, CA for analysis. Hairy root tissue from symptomatic plants was used for mechanical inoculation of indicator plants. Mechanical inoculation produced necrotic lesions on Chenopodium quinoa and systemic infection of Beta vulgaris ssp. macrocarpa, both typical of BNYVV and identical to control inoculations with BNYVV. Symptomatic sugar beet roots were washed and tested using double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) for the presence of BNYVV using standard procedures and antiserum specific for BNYVV (3). Sugar beet roots were tested individually, and samples were considered positive when absorbance values were at least three times those of greenhouse-grown healthy sugar beet controls. Samples were tested from 16 fields, with 10 confirmed positive for BNYVV. Positive samples had mean absorbance values ranging from 0.341 to 1.631 (A405nm) after 30 min. The mean healthy control value was 0.097. Fields were considered positive if one beet tested positive for BNYVV, but in most cases, all beets tested from a field were uniformly positive or uniformly negative. In addition, soil-baiting experiments were conducted on seven of the fields. Sugar beet seedlings were grown in soil mixed with equal parts of sand for 6 weeks and were subsequently tested using DAS-ELISA for BNYVV. Results matched those of the root sampling. Fields testing positive for BNYVV were widely dispersed within a 100 square mile (160 km2) area including portions of Gratiot, Saginaw, Tuscola, and Sanilac counties in the central and eastern portions of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. The confirmation of rhizomania in sugar beet from the Great Lakes Region marks the last major American sugar beet production region to be diagnosed with rhizomania disease, nearly 20 years after its discovery in California (1). In 2002, there were approximately 185,000 acres (approximately 75,00 ha) of sugar beet grown in the Great Lakes Region, (Michigan, Ohio, and southern Ontario, Canada). The wide geographic distribution of infested fields within the Michigan growing area suggests the entire region should monitor for symptoms, increase rotation to nonhost crops, and consider planting rhizomania resistant sugar beet cultivars to infested fields. References:(1) J. E. Duffus et al. Plant Dis. 68:251, 1984. (2) J. E. Duffus. Rhizomania. Pages 29–30 in: Compendium of Beet Diseases and Insects, E. D. Whitney and J. E. Duffus eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1986. (3) G. C. Wisler et al. Plant Dis. 83:864, 1999.

scholarly journals Decision Strategies for Absorbance Readings from an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay—A Case Study about Testing Genotypes of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) for Resistance against Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus (BNYVV)

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 956
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Lange ◽  
Martin Wutke ◽  
Lisa Bertram ◽  
Harald Keunecke ◽  
Friedrich Kopisch-Obuch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Bayes Factors ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Virus Concentration ◽  
Alternative Approach

The Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) causes rhizomania in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), which is one of the most destructive diseases in sugar beet worldwide. In breeding projects towards resistance against BNYVV, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is used to determine the virus concentration in plant roots and, thus, the resistance levels of genotypes. Here, we present a simulation study to generate 10,000 small samples from the estimated density functions of ELISA values from susceptible and resistant sugar beet genotypes. We apply receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to these samples to optimise the cutoff values for sample sizes from two to eight and determine the false positive rates (FPR), true positive rates (TPR), and area under the curve (AUC). We present, furthermore, an alternative approach based upon Bayes factors to improve the decision procedure. The Bayesian approach has proven to be superior to the simple cutoff approach. The presented results could help evaluate or improve existing breeding programs and help design future selection procedures based upon ELISA. An R-script for the classification of sample data based upon Bayes factors is provided.

dsRNA-mediated resistance to Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus infections in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris)

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britt-Louise Lennefors ◽  
Eugene I. Savenkov ◽  
Jan Bensefelt ◽  
Elisabeth Wremerth-Weich ◽  
Petra van Roggen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Virus Infections

Transcriptomics of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) resistance to Beet necrotic yellow vein virus

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. S178
Author(s):  
Gabriela Machaj ◽  
Dariusz Grzebelus ◽  
Alicja Macko-Podgórni ◽  
Marek Szklarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Yellow Vein

scholarly journals Identification of amino acids of the beet necrotic yellow vein virus p25 protein required for induction of the resistance response in leaves of Beta vulgaris plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 1314-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soutaro Chiba ◽  
Masaki Miyanishi ◽  
Ida Bagus Andika ◽  
Hideki Kondo ◽  
Tetsuo Tamada
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Polymyxa Betae ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Resistance Phenotype ◽  
Wild Beet

The RNA3-encoded p25 protein of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) is responsible for the production of rhizomania symptoms of sugar beet roots (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris). Here, it was found that the presence of the p25 protein is also associated with the resistance response in rub-inoculated leaves of sugar beet and wild beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima) plants. The resistance phenotype displayed a range of symptoms from no visible lesions to necrotic or greyish lesions at the inoculation site, and only very low levels of virus and viral RNA accumulated. The susceptible phenotype showed large, bright yellow lesions and developed high levels of virus accumulation. In roots after Polymyxa betae vector inoculation, however, no drastic differences in virus and viral RNA accumulation levels were found between plants with susceptible and resistant phenotypes, except at an early stage of infection. There was a genotype-specific interaction between BNYVV strains and two selected wild beet lines (MR1 and MR2) and sugar beet cultivars. Sequence analysis of natural BNYVV isolates and site-directed mutagenesis of the p25 protein revealed that 3 aa residues at positions 68, 70 and 179 are important in determining the resistance phenotype, and that host-genotype specificity is controlled by single amino acid changes at position 68. The mechanism of the occurrence of resistance-breaking BNYVV strains is discussed.

Spread of beet necrotic yellow vein virus in infected seedlings and plants of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris)

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 179 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 72-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Dubois ◽  
R. S. Sangwan ◽  
B. S. Sangwan-Norreel
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Yellow Vein

Plant regeneration from protoplasts of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris)

1995 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Lenzner ◽  
Kurt Zoglauer ◽  
Otto Schieder
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris
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