Flame retardancy and thermal decomposition of flexible polyurethane foams: Structural influence of organophosphorus compounds

2012 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 2428-2440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuyu Liang ◽  
Matthias Neisius ◽  
Henri Mispreuve ◽  
Reinold Naescher ◽  
Sabyasachi Gaan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Flexible Polyurethane ◽  
Structural Influence

Effect of aluminum diethylphosphinate on the thermal stability and flame retardancy of flexible polyurethane foams

2019 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Zunchu Huang ◽  
Weiyi Xing ◽  
Lei Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Flexible Polyurethane

scholarly journals Novel MoS2–DOPO Hybrid for Effective Enhancements on Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression of Flexible Polyurethane Foams

ACS Omega ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2734-2746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maoyong Zhi ◽  
Quanyi Liu ◽  
Yinlong Zhao ◽  
Shansong Gao ◽  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Smoke Suppression ◽  
Flexible Polyurethane

scholarly journals Some Key Factors Influencing the Flame Retardancy of EDA-DOPO Containing Flexible Polyurethane Foams

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Przystas ◽  
Milijana Jovic ◽  
Khalifah Salmeia ◽  
Daniel Rentsch ◽  
Laurent Ferry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Microscale Combustion Calorimeter ◽  
Flexible Polyurethane ◽  
Combustion Calorimeter ◽  
Pu Foams

The role of various additives (emulsifier, anti-dripping agent) and formulation procedures (pre-dispersion of solid additives in polyol via milling) which influence the flame retardancy of 6,6′-[ethan-1,2-diylbis(azandiyl)]bis(6H-dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphin-6-oxid) (EDA-DOPO) containing flexible polyurethane foams has been investigated in this work. For comparison, the flame retardancy of two additional structurally-analogous bridged 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO)-based compounds, i.e., ethanolamine-DOPO (ETA-DOPO) and ethylene glycol-DOPO (EG-DOPO) were also evaluated together with EDA-DOPO in flexible PU foams of various formulations. The flame retardancy of these three bridged-DOPO compounds depends on the type of PU formulation. For certain PU formulations containing EDA-DOPO, lower fire performance was observed. Addition of emulsifier and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to these PU formulations influenced positively the flame retardancy of EDA-DOPO/PU foams. In addition, dispersion of EDA-DOPO and PTFE via milling in polyol improved the flame retardancy of the PU foams. Mechanistic studies performed using a microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC) and its coupling to FTIR showed no difference in the combustion efficiency of the bridged-DOPO compounds in PU foams. From MCC experiments it can be concluded that these bridged-DOPO compounds and their decomposition products may work primarily in the gas phase as flame inhibitors. The physiochemical behavior of additives in PU formulation responsible for the improvement in the flame retardancy of PU foams was further investigated by studying the dripping behavior of the PU foams in the UL 94 HB test. A high-speed camera was used to study the dripping behavior in the UL 94 HB test and results indicate a considerable reduction of the total number of melt drips and flaming drips for the flame retardant formulations. This reduction in melt drips and flaming drips during the UL 94 HB tests help PU foams achieve higher fire classification.

Novel flame retardant flexible polyurethane foam: plasma induced graft-polymerization of phosphonates

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (78) ◽  
pp. 63853-63865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maude Jimenez ◽  
Nicolas Lesaffre ◽  
Séverine Bellayer ◽  
Renaud Dupretz ◽  
Marianne Vandenbossche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Graft Polymerization ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Flexible Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Flexible Polyurethane

Flame retardancy of flexible polyurethane foams has become an issue due to very severe regulations.

scholarly journals Some key Factors Influencing the Flame Retardancy of EDA-DOPO Containing Flexible Polyurethane Foams

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Przystaś ◽  
Milijana Jovic ◽  
Khalifah A Salmeia ◽  
Daniel Rentsch ◽  
Laurent Ferry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Combustion Flow ◽  
Flexible Polyurethane ◽  
Pu Foams

In this work we have investigated the role of various additives (emulsifier, anti-dripping agent) and formulation procedure (pre- dispersion of solid additives in polyol via milling) which influence the flame retardancy of 6,6′-[ethan-1,2-diylbis(azandiyl)]bis(6H-dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphin-6-oxid) (EDA-DOPO) containing flexible polyurethane foams. For comparison, the flame retardancy of two additional structurally analogues bridged 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) based compounds i.e. ethanolamine-DOPO (ETA-DOPO) and ethylene glycol-DOPO (EG-DOPO) were also evaluated together with EDA-DOPO in flexible PU foams of various formulations. The flame retardancy of three bridged-DOPO compounds depends on the type of PU formulation. For certain PU formulation containing EDA-DOPO, lower fire performance was observed. Addition of emulsifier and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to these PU formulations influenced positively the flame retardancy of EDA-DOPO/PU foams. In addition, dispersion of EDA-DOPO and PTFE via milling in polyol improved the flame retardancy of the PU foams. Mechanistic studies performed using pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry (PCFC) and its coupling to FTIR showed no difference in the combustion efficiency of the bridged-DOPO compounds in PU foams. From these PCFC experiments we can conclude that these bridged-DOPO compounds and their decomposition products may work primarily in the gas phase as flame inhibitors. Physiochemical behavior of additives in PU formulation responsible for the improvement in the flame retardancy of PU foams was further investigated by studying the dripping behavior of the PU foams in UL 94 HB test. A high-speed camera was used to study the dripping behavior in the UL 94 HB test and results indicate a considerable reduction of a total number of melt drips and flaming drips for the flame retardant formulations. This reduction in melt drips and flaming drips during the UL 94 HB tests help PU foams achieve higher fire classification.

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