Vulcanization kinetics of graphene/natural rubber nanocomposites

Polymer ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (13) ◽  
pp. 3314-3323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinrong Wu ◽  
Wang Xing ◽  
Guangsu Huang ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Maozhu Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Vulcanization Kinetics ◽  
Rubber Nanocomposites ◽  
Kinetics Of

Vulcanization kinetics of natural rubber-organoclay nanocomposites

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. López-Manchado ◽  
M. Arroyo ◽  
B. Herrero ◽  
J. Biagiotti
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Vulcanization Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

Study on vulcanization kinetics of constant viscosity natural rubber by using a rheometer MDR2000

2013 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Bei-Long ◽  
Wang Yong-Zhou ◽  
Wang Ping-Yue ◽  
Huang Hong-Hai
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Vulcanization Kinetics ◽  
Constant Viscosity ◽  
Kinetics Of

Kinetics of Peroxide Vulcanization of Natural Rubber

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rejitha Rajan ◽  
Siby Varghese ◽  
K.E. George
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Decomposition Reaction ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Compression Set ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Minimum Residual ◽  
Vulcanization Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

This study was undertaken to optimize the vulcanization conditions and explore the effect of residual peroxide in the peroxide vulcanization of natural rubber. The study was followed through the kinetics of the vulcanization reaction at various temperatures viz. 150,155,160 and 165°C. Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) was used as the crosslinking agent. The Monsanto Rheometer was used to investigate the different crosslinking stages and vulcanization kinetics. The thermal decomposition of peroxide followed a first order free radical decomposition reaction. Half-lives at various temperatures were determined. The percentage of residual peroxide was calculated from the cure kinetic data. The effect of residual peroxide on mechanical properties was studied at various peroxide levels and also by extending the cure time (from t90 to t95 and then to t100). Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus and compression set (70 and 100°C) were measured. Excess peroxide was found to cause a high compression set at elevated temperature and the cure time was selected to achieve minimum residual peroxide in the product. Results indicate that peroxide concentration is the dominant factor controlling the crosslink density and hence the properties of the vulcanizates.

Effect of non-rubber substances on vulcanization kinetics of natural rubber

2012 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 1183-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Ping-Yue ◽  
Wang Yong-Zhou ◽  
Zhang Bei-Long ◽  
Huang Hong-Hai
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Vulcanization Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

Vulcanization kinetics of low-protein natural rubber with use of a vulcameter

2007 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 3255-3259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping-Yue Wang ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Hong-Lian Qian
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Vulcanization Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF OV-POSS NANOPARTICLES ON THE VULCANIZATION KINETICS OF NATURAL RUBBER COMPOUNDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebru Uctepe ◽  
Nazlı Yazıcı ◽  
Mehmet Kodal ◽  
Bağdagül Karaağaç ◽  
Güralp Özkoç
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Polymeric Systems ◽  
Polymer Molecules ◽  
Cure Kinetic ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Vulcanization Kinetics ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Kinetics Of

Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSSs) are new-generation additives, which can provide improved properties in polymer matrices by physical and/or chemical interactions between the polymer molecules and their reactive sites. In the case of rubber-based polymeric systems, POSSs are also able to accompany with the vulcanization reaction. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of octavinyl functionalized POSS (OV-POSS) on sulphur vulcanization of a model natural rubber (NR) based compound. The reaction kinetics was studied by using various kinetic approaches based on Moving Die Rheometry and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Rheometric data was evaluated by using a common non-linear cure kinetic model, which is called Isayev and Deng Model. Kissinger, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and Crane Models were used to process thermal data for curing reactions. All the models were found to be able to analyze vulcanization kinetics of OV-POSS containing NR-based rubber compounds as well as the effect of OV-POSS incorporation.

Vulcanization Kinetics of Starch Xanthate /Natural Rubber Composite

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 363-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Jie Luo ◽  
Si Dong Li ◽  
Zhi Fen Wang ◽  
Lin Fang ◽  
Hua Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Modified Starch ◽  
Curing Period ◽  
Rubber Composite ◽  
Carbon Bisulfide ◽  
Vulcanization Kinetics ◽  
Starch Paste ◽  
Kinetics Of

The starch xanthate/natural rubber (SX/NR) composite was prepared by directly mixing and co-coagulating NR latex and the modified starch paste with carbon bisulfide. The vulcanization kinetics of NR and SX/NR composite were investigated by using a rubber process analysis (RPA). The mechanism of SX/NR composite vulcanization was similar to that of pure NR. The values t0and tdisof XS/NR composite were shorter than that of NR, and the activation energy E1for the induction period was smaller. The activation energies E2and E3for the curing period were smaller than that of NR.

Investigations in the Field of Rubber Vulcanization. VII. Influence of Organic Accelerators on the Kinetics of Vulcanization and the Properties of Natural-Rubber Vulcanizates

1950 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-575
Author(s):  
B. Dogadkin ◽  
B. Karmin ◽  
A. Dobromyslova ◽  
L. Sapozhkova
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Oxidative Destruction ◽  
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide ◽  
Vulcanization Kinetics ◽  
Strength Curve ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Low Sulfur ◽  
Natural Rubber Vulcanizates ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract 1. Vulcanization accelerators change all parameters of the kinetic strength curve during the vulcanization of natural-rubber mixtures with low sulfur contents. 2. Calculation of the kinetic constants of the fundamental vulcanization equation proposed by Dogadkin, Karmin, and Gol'berg shows that vulcanization accelerators affect both the kinetics of the interaction of rubber with sulfur and the kinetics of the interaction of rubber with oxygen. 3. Direct experiments on the oxidation of rubber have shown that tetramethylthiuram disulfide and diphenylguanidine retard the process of addition of oxygen to rubber, while mercaptobenzothiazole accelerates this process. 4. Data on the rate of plasticization and change in viscosity of rubber solutions during oxidation indicate that tetramethylthiuram disulfide and diphenylguanidine promote the disintegration of molecular chains of rubber during the oxidative destruction of the latter. 5. The activation energy of the process of oxidation of rubber in the presence of mercaptobenzothiazole corresponds to the activation energy calculated from the fundamental vulcanization reaction for the process of oxidative destruction. This provides additional proof of the participation of oxygen in the vulcanization process. 6. It has been established with the aid of the methyl iodide reaction that accelerators increase the bridge-sulfur content of the vulcanizate, which is present in the form of monosulfides, with one sulfur atom connected to an allyl type radical. 7. With increasing temperature, the tensile strength at the vulcanization optimum increases in mixtures containing tetramethylthiuram disulfide, decreases in mixtures containing mercaptobenzothiazole, and remains unchanged in mixtures containing diphenylguanidine. The limiting strength decreases in all cases with increasing temperature. This phenomenon is explained on the basis of the proposed concepts of the character of vulcanization kinetics and of the nature of the vulcanization optimum.

scholarly journals The Effect of Ingredients Mixing Sequence in Rubber Compounding upon Vulcanization Kinetics of Natural Rubber: An Autocatalytic Model Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 709
Author(s):  
Abu Hasan ◽  
Rochmadi Rochmadi ◽  
Hary Sulistyo ◽  
Suharto Honggokusumo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Reaction Model ◽  
Reaction Rate Constant ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Vulcanization Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Mixing Sequence

This study examined the effect of ingredients mixing sequence to the vulcanization kinetics of natural rubber. The effects of mixing temperature, vulcanization temperature, and the carbon black type upon the kinetics were also studied by using rheography and an autocatalysis reaction model approach. The results showed that this model is good in providing information on vulcanization reaction kinetics of natural rubber. High vulcanization temperature resulted in high reaction rate constant. The more black carbon mixed at the beginning of the rubber mixing process, the higher reaction rate constant would be. The mixing of carbon black and rubber chemicals mixed into the rubber subsequently resulted in the higher reaction rate constant compared with that of simultaneously.

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