Improving the Ca(II) adsorption of chitosan via physical and chemical modifications and charactering the structures of the calcified complexes

Due to its unique characteristics, cyclic butylene terephthalate is used in novel developments of chemical industry. This article represents the review of the latest achievements in the field of processing, structure, properties of cyclic butylene terephthalate, its physical and chemical modifications as well as composites and nanocomposites based on it. In recent years, cyclic butylene terephthalate oligomers have drawn the attention of scientists. The oligomers can be acquired through the chemical reaction of cyclo-depolymerization and used as materials for ring-opening polymerization reactions. This method of polymerization has a variety of advantages compared to a standard method of synthesis polyesters. One of the main advantages of this method includes the capability to make polymerization reactions at standard atmospheric pressure, low required temperature, no side effects and obtaining a completely finished product as an outcome. The unique qualities of cyclic butylene terephthalate make it a promising material to be used as matrix for a variety of nano- and microcomposites and super concentrate. This study analyzes some of the examples of applying CBT as a super concentrate for creating materials like carbon nanotubes, laminated silicates, carbon fibers and glass fibers. In the majority of studies, the addition of nano-sized fillers into CBT leads to amplification of mechanical properties. In the cases of usage as fillers for carbon fibers and glass fibers, the possibility of replacing thermosetting resins with CBT is currently being researched. It could possibly lead to increase in manufacturability of carbon fibers and fiberglass and increase its possible area of application. Cyclic butylene terephthalate can also be used as a viscosity modifier for synthetic rubbers. In this case it can be both plasticizer and enhancing agent.For citation:Chukov N.A., Mikitaev M.A., Ligidov M.Kh., Bashorov M.T., Shogenov V.N., Pakhomov S.I. Cyclic butylene terephthalate and promising field of application. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 7. P. 4-13.

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Karakterisasi sifat fisiko kimia pati bengkuang (Pachirrhyzus erosus) dan pati ganyong (Canna edulis Kerr) modifikasi [Characteristization on physico-chemical properties of modified canna (Canna edulis Kerr.) and jicama (Pachirrhyzus erosus) starches]

Jurnal Teknologi & Industri Hasil Pertanian ◽

10.23960/jtihp.v26i1.25-36 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Sri Haryani Anwar ◽

Yeni Chandra Dewi ◽

Novi Safriani

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

National Standard ◽

Chemical Modifications ◽

Solubility In Water ◽

Food Industries ◽

Swelling Power ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Moisture Treatment ◽

Modified Starches ◽

Physical And Chemical

Modification of native starch is needed mainly to increase its solubility in water thus broaden its application in food industries. On the other hand, modification of canna and jicama starches have rarely been applied. Physical and chemical modifications of starches are conducted to modify starch characteristics. The research aimed to investigate the physico-chemical properties of canna and jicama starches that had been modified chemically and physically. Chemical modifications which were conducted included modification via substitution with Octenyl Succinate Anhydride (OSA) and hydrolysis using hydrochloric acid (HCl), while physical modification was conducted via the Heat Moisture Treatment (HMT). The starch physico-chemical characteristics evaluated were degree of acid (DA), swelling power, degree of substitution (DS), moisture, ash, fat, and fiber contents. The analysis results showed that moisture, ash, fat, and fiber contents of native canna and jicama starches were not significantly different from those of modified ones. The result also revealed that the type of starches and modification methods increased the swelling power significantly (P≤0,05). The DS of modified canna dan jicama starches were 0.0246% and 0.0176%, respectively. While the DA of modified canna and jicama starches were 0.14% and 0.18%, respectively. This DA values of modified starches by HCL hydrolysis had meet the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 01-2593-1992) which is maximum of 5% for food application.Keywords: canna starch, jicama starch, HMT modification, modified starch, OSA modification

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Chemical modifications of castor oil: A review

Science Progress ◽

10.1177/0036850419859118 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 102 (3) ◽

pp. 199-217

Author(s):

Ntsako Portia Chauke ◽

Hembe Elie Mukaya ◽

Diakanua Bavon Nkazi

Keyword(s):

Renewable Resources ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Environmental Concerns ◽

Chemical Modifications ◽

Plant Oil ◽

Natural Oils ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

The necessity of using petrochemicals for the development of polymers has been deteriorating because of the depletion in fossil fuels and environmental concerns such as the effect of greenhouse gases, global warming, and increasing population. Research has shown a shift from petroleum-based fuels to plant oil–based fuels in order to shift to renewable resources. Natural oils such as castor oil have shown competitive physical and chemical properties as compared to fossil fuels. The use of natural oils has gained a lot of research interest due to the fact that they are renewable, affordable, and environmentally friendly. Bio-oils are versatile because they have various derivatives and can be used in different grades based on the application in various industries such as agriculture, food, paper, and electronics. Bio-binders have been considered as the most promising materials for the different applications. In this review, the processes of chemical modifications of castor oil are discussed.

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