Risk factors for herd breakdown with bovine tuberculosis in 148 cattle herds in the south west of England

SUMMARYParticular epidemiological features of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle herds in Great Britain during the period 1972–8 were examined. During these seven years 1099 herds became infected, the mean annual incidence of herd infection being of the order of one infected herd per 1000 cattle herds.Infection in herds was predominantly a sporadic occurrence; 938 (85·4%) herds experienced only one incident of infection which persisted for less than 12 months. The concentration of infected herds in localized areas of the south-west region England, where infected badgers were the most significant attributed source infection, is demonstrated.The risk of herd infection in relation to badger sett density was also examined in Cornwall, Gloucestershire/Avon and counties in England and Wales outside south-west region of England. The numbers of herds at risk in six categories badger sett density in these three areas were estimated from three random samples of herds drawn from the annual agricultural census. In Cornwall and Gloucestershire/Avon herd infection, associated with infected badgers or for which no source of infection could be found, was positively associated with badger sett density. A similar association between herd infection, not attributable to a source of infection, and badger sett density was found in counties in England and Wales outside the south-west region of England.

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Peer Review #1 of "Bovine tuberculosis breakdown duration in cattle herds: an investigation of herd, host, pathogen and wildlife risk factors (v0.1)"

10.7287/peerj.8319v0.1/reviews/1 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Peer Review ◽

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Host Pathogen ◽

Cattle Herds

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Peer Review #2 of "Bovine tuberculosis breakdown duration in cattle herds: an investigation of herd, host, pathogen and wildlife risk factors (v0.2)"

10.7287/peerj.8319v0.2/reviews/2 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Peer Review ◽

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Host Pathogen ◽

Cattle Herds

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Tuberculosis in East Sussex. I. Outbreaks of tuberculosis in cattle herds (1964–1984)

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400064305 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 97 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

J. W. Wilesmith ◽

R. Bode ◽

D. G. Pritchard ◽

F. A. Stuart ◽

P. E. Sayers

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Low Risk ◽

Cattle Population ◽

Risk Of Infection ◽

The South ◽

Epidemiological Features ◽

Cattle Herds

SUMMARYThe history and epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in cattle herds in East Sussex are described. Since 1960, following the compulsory eradication scheme for tuberculosis, the incidence of herd infection has been low. The epidemiological features of herd infection have been sporadic incidents, with only small numbers of cattle becoming infected in the majority of incidents. There was no evidence of endemic Mycobacterium bovis infection in the cattle population in East Sussex in recent years, but a low risk of infection for cattle on the South Downs, from badgers, was apparent.

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Haematogenous Spread ofStaphylococcus aureusfrom an Iliacus Abscess to an ACL Reconstructed Knee

Case Reports in Orthopedics ◽

10.1155/2013/914329 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Vivek Eranki ◽

Andrew Wallis ◽

Simon Smith

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Health Service ◽

Complete Recovery ◽

Young Person ◽

The South ◽

Acl Graft ◽

South West ◽

Haematogenous Spread ◽

Spread Of Infection ◽

Reconstructed Knee

We describe a case of a 19-year-old male who presented to the South West Health Service with a septic knee, secondary to haematogenous spread from an iliacus abscess. Thus far, there have been no reported cases of haematogenous spread of infection from an iliacus abscess to an ACL reconstructed knee, let alone in a healthy young person with no risk factors. The patient has had several washouts of the knee along with the drainage of the abscess. The ACL graft was saved with the patient making a complete recovery.

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Farm-scale risk factors for bovine tuberculosis incidence in cattle herds during the Randomized Badger Culling Trial

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268811000434 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 140 (2) ◽

pp. 219-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

A. C. MILL ◽

S. P. RUSHTON ◽

M. D. F. SHIRLEY ◽

A. W. A. MURRAY ◽

G. C. SMITH ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Event History Analysis ◽

Individual Risk ◽

Treatment Area ◽

Management Actions ◽

Badger Culling ◽

Cattle Herds ◽

The Individual

SUMMARYWe analysed the incidence of cattle herd breakdowns due to bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) in relation to experimental badger culling, badger populations and farm characteristics during the Randomized Badger Culling Trial (RBCT). Mixed modelling and event history analysis were used to examine the individual risk factors. The interdependencies of covariates were examined using structural equation modelling. There were consistent findings among the different analyses demonstrating that during a badger culling programme farms experiencing: reactive culling, larger herd sizes, larger holdings and holdings with multiple parcels of land were all at greater risk of a herd breakdown. Proactive culling reduced risks within the culling area, but we did not assess any potential effects in the periphery of the treatment area. Badger-related variables measured prior to the start of culling (number of social groups and length of badger territorial boundaries) did not consistently point to an increase in risk, when set against a background of ongoing badger culling. This could be because (1) the collected variables were not important to risk in cattle, or (2) there were insufficient data to demonstrate their importance. Our findings highlight the difficulty in identifying simple predictors of spatial variation in transmission risks from badger populations and the consequent challenge of tailoring management actions to any such field data.

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Peer Review #2 of "Bovine tuberculosis breakdown duration in cattle herds: an investigation of herd, host, pathogen and wildlife risk factors (v0.1)"

10.7287/peerj.8319v0.1/reviews/2 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Peer Review ◽

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Host Pathogen ◽

Cattle Herds

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Occupational Injuries among Physical Therapists in South-West, Nigeria

Nigerian Journal of Medical Rehabilitation ◽

10.34058/njmr.v13i1.2.38 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 25-30

Author(s):

Adebimpe Obembe ◽

Ayodele Onigbinde ◽

Olubusola Johnson ◽

Anne Emechete ◽

Medinat Oyinlola

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Occupational Injury ◽

Physical Therapists ◽

Occupational Injuries ◽

Low Back ◽

Body Parts ◽

Muscle Strain ◽

The South ◽

South West ◽

Type Of Injury

Background: Bureau of Labour Statistics (BLS) has identified on-the-job injuries as a major problem facing health care workers. There is little data available on injuries sustained by physical therapists in Nigeria. Objective: This sfudy was carried out to detennine the nature, prevalence, job risk factors and consequences of occupational injuries with particular focus on musculoskeletal injuries experienced by physical therapists in the south western part of Nigeria. Methods: A hundred copies, self administered questionnaire composed of thirty (30) close-ended questions were administered to physical therapists working in hospitals and private clinics. Questions included occupational history of the physical therapists; duration of injury; body parts affected; activities that aggravate symptoms; patients predominantly treated; management and preventive strategies. The data were analysed using descriptive analysis. Results: Seventy-eight percent (78%) of the physical therapists had past histories of occupational injuries. The most prevalent injured body parts were the lower back (45.2%), wrist and hand (26%) mid back (10.6%) and neck (6.7%). The highest job risk factors were manual therapy techniques (20.9%), transferring patients (13.8%) and static position (12.2%). Stroke (31.7%) and low back (28.2%) patients were predominantly treated. Activities that cause re-injury include manual technique and repetitive tasks. Muscle strain was the commonest type of injury (55%), while fracture was the least (1 %). Conclusion: This study concluded that occupational injury was high among selected physical therapists in the South West of Nigeria. It also concluded that the low back and hands were the most common sites susceptible to injury, while muscle strain was the most common type of injury. KEYWORDS: Occupational injury, Musculoskeletal injury, Physical therapists

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