Why isn’t the transition period getting the attention it deserves? Farm advisors’ opinions and experiences of managing dairy cow health in the transition period

The transition period of the dairy cow generally refers to the last three weeks of gestation and the first three weeks of lactation. During this period, the dairy cow faces numerous physiological challenges, requiring both homeostatic and homeorhetic changes to support the demands of lactation. Management strategies to achieve a successful transition have developed over many decades. Historically, these strategies focussed on achieving high energy intakes pre-calving in an attempt to improve post-calving metabolism; however, more recent research has indicated that this approach may not be appropriate. Physiological and molecular data have indicated that imposing a slight negative energy balance (EBAL) pre-calving can improve post-calving EBAL, metabolic health indices and milk production. It was hypothesised that the challenges of the transition period would be less in a grazing system than in an intensive confinement system, due to the lower milk production and the difference in population density and, therefore, pathogen exposure. However, the molecular and immunological responses to the change of state are similar in magnitude in a moderate-yielding pasture-fed cow and in a high-yielding cow fed a total mixed ration. The collective data point to a peripartum immunosuppression, which is affected by body condition score and feeding level. This review will outline the literature and provide an assessment of the most recent transition cow management for grazing dairy cows.

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Evaluasi Aspek Teknis Pemeliharaan Sapi Perah Berdasarkan Good Dairy Farming Practices (GDFP) di Peternakan Rakyat Cibungbulang

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis ◽

10.33772/jitro.v5i3.4977 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 79

Author(s):

Asminaya Santy Nur ◽

B. P. Purwanto ◽

A. Atabany ◽

Nurlaha Nurlaha

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cow ◽

Trichoderma Viride ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Dairy Farming ◽

Dry Season ◽

Farming Practices ◽

Technical Aspects ◽

Feed Management ◽

Smallholder Dairy ◽

Cow Health

ABSTRAKPeningkatan produktivitas ternak dapat dicapai melalui perbaikan aspek teknis pemeliharaan yang meliputi perbaikan genetik, pakan, pengelolaan, perkandangan dan kesehatan ternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penerapan aspek teknis pemeliharaan sapi perah berdasarkan Good Dairy Farming Practices (GDFP) pada peternakan sapi perah rakyat di Cibungbulang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei dan pembagian kuisioner, observasi serta pengukuran langsung. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan disajikan dalam bentuk frekuensi tabulasi untuk menggambarkan karakteristik penerapan setiap aspek pemeliharaan sapi perah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan aspek teknis pemeliharaan sapi perah berdasarkan Good Dairy Farming Practices (GDFP) di peternakan rakyat Cibungbulang sebesar 69,75% pada musim hujan dan 67,25% pada musim kemarau. Aspek kesehatan ternak memperlihatkan nilai yang sangat rendah baik pada musim hujan maupun musim kemarau sehingga perlu mendapatkan perhatian khusus agar produktivitas ternak dapat ditingkatkan secara optimal.Kata kunci: biji kecipir, Trichoderma viride, pH, suhu, protein, serat kasarABSTRACTIncreased dairy cow productivity can be achieved through improving the technical aspects of maintenance which include genetic improvement, feed, management, housing and dairy cow health. This study was done to evaluate the application of the technical aspects of dairy cow maintenance based on the Good Dairy Farming Practices (GDFP) on smallholder dairy farm in Cibungbulang. The research method used was a survey and distribution of questionnaires, observations and direct measurements. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented in frequency tabulations to describe the characteristics and application each aspect of dairy cow maintenance. The results showed that the implementation of technical aspects of dairy cow maintenance was based on the Good Dairy Farming Practices (GDFP) at smallholder dairy farm in Cibungbulang i.e 69.75% in rainy season and 67.25% in dry season. The health aspect of dairy cow shows a very low value both in rainy and dry season so need special attention to increased productivity optimally.Keywords: dairy cow, technical aspects of maintenance, GDFP

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A comparison of a novel time-based summary measure of dairy cow health against cumulative disease frequency

Irish Veterinary Journal ◽

10.1186/s13620-018-0119-z ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Craig S. McConnel ◽

Ashleigh A. McNeil ◽

Joleen C. Hadrich ◽

Jason E. Lombard ◽

Jane Heller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cow ◽

Summary Measure ◽

Cow Health

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The impact of mycotoxins on dairy cow health and milk production

Кормопроизводство ◽

10.25685/krm.2021.9.2021.004 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 38-46

Author(s):

В.Г. Косолапова ◽

М.М. Халифа ◽

Х.Г. Ишмуратов

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cow ◽

Animal Health ◽

Main Task ◽

High Concentration ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Toxin Concentration ◽

Production Stages ◽

Cow Health ◽

The Impact ◽

Penicillium Spp

В статье представлены материалы о влиянии микотоксинов на здоровье и продуктивность молочного скота. В настоящее время наибольшую опасность для здоровья животных представляют яды микроскопических грибов — микотоксины, что требует разработки методов их устранения по всей цепочке — от поля до потребителя. Известно, что споры грибов, продуцирующих токсины, живут в почве и оттуда передаются растениям, а затем зёрнам. Микотоксины — это вторичные метаболиты грибов, такие как афлатоксины (AF), продуцируемые видами Aspergillus, фумонизины (FUM), зеараленон (ZEN), токсин T-2 (T-2) дезоксиниваленол (DON), продуцируемый видами Fusarium, охратоксин A (OTA), продуцируемый видами Penicillium, и многие другие. Потребление кормов, загрязнённых этими токсинами, вызывает у животных микотоксикозы, которые характеризуются рядом клинических признаков в зависимости от вида токсинов. У животных снижается продуктивность и поедаемость кормов, увеличивается восприимчивость к различным заболеваниям. Существует две формы микотоксикозов: острые микотоксикозы, возникающие из-за потребления высокой разовой дозы микотоксинов, и хронические микотоксикозы из-за постоянного потребления низких уровней микотоксинов в течение продолжительного времени. Хронический токсикоз, вызванный низким уровнем воздействия микотоксинов в течение продолжительного времени, представляет собой более распространённую проблему для здоровья животных и качества пищевых продуктов для людей. В целом объёмистые корма и зерновые компоненты, входящие в состав рациона, подвержены загрязнению афлатоксинами на всех этапах производства кормов, таких как сбор, транспортировка, хранение, переработка и упаковка. В последнее время учёные стали уделять больше внимания загрязнению кормов микотоксинами и механизмам борьбы с разными группами токсинов. Основной задачей при производстве кормов является снижение концентрации токсинов на всех этапах — от поля до рациона животных. This article focuses on the effect of mycotoxins on dairy cow health and productivity. To this day toxins produced by various fungi are one of the most serious dangers for cattle. It is known that spores usually contaminate plant and later grain material from soil. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites such as aflatoxins (AF) produced by Aspergillus spp., fumonisins (FUM), zearalenone (ZEN), T-2 (T-2), deoxynivalenol (DON) produced by Fusarium spp., ochratoxin A (OTA) produced by Penicillium spp., and many others. Toxin-contaminated forage causes mycotoxicoses of different severity depending on toxin type. Livestock shows low productivity and appetite but high susceptibility to diseases There are two types of mycotoxicoses: acute mycotoxicoses, caused by high concentration of toxins and the chronic ones, occurring due to constant long consumption of low toxin levels. Chronic toxicosis is a more common problem for animal health and food quality. Bulk and grain feed are highly affected by aflatoxins at such production stages as harvesting, transporting, storage, processing and packaging. Lately scientists drew more attention to toxin contamination issue and methods controlling their accumulation. The main task when producing forage is to reduce toxin concentration at all the production stages.

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Wireless energy transfer by means of inductive coupling for dairy cow health monitoring

Computers and Electronics in Agriculture ◽

10.1016/j.compag.2018.07.010 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 152 ◽

pp. 101-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ben Minnaert ◽

Bart Thoen ◽

David Plets ◽

Wout Joseph ◽

Nobby Stevens

Keyword(s):

Energy Transfer ◽

Health Monitoring ◽

Dairy Cow ◽

Inductive Coupling ◽

Wireless Energy Transfer ◽

Cow Health

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Ruminal pH and Digestibility Profiles During the Transition Period of the Dairy Cow

The Professional Animal Scientist ◽

10.15232/s1080-7446(15)31504-7 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 151-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J.E. Nocek ◽

T. Ueda ◽

I. Shinzato ◽

H. Sato ◽

T. Fujieda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cow ◽

Transition Period ◽

Ruminal Ph

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An examination of the effect of level of concentrate supplementation during late gestation on subsequent milk yield and composition of lactating dairy cattle

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200001769 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 1999 ◽

pp. 21-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

T.W.J. Keady ◽

C.S. Mayne ◽

D A Fitzpatrick

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Dairy Cow ◽

Transition Period ◽

Late Gestation ◽

Nutritional Management ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Concentrate Supplementation ◽

Foetal Growth ◽

Lactating Dairy Cattle

The transition period (last four weeks of pregnancy and the first four weeks of lactation) is the most traumatic period in the annual cycle of the dairy cow. It is physiologically and nutritionally stressful, particularly as food intake is reduced, especially in the last few days prior to calving, whilst nutrient demands for foetal growth and initiation of milk synthesis are increased. As the genetic merit of the national herd has increased considerably in the last ten years, improved nutritional management of cows during the transition period may be more important in reducing or preventing the cumulative loss of body condition, particularly in early lactation. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of level of concentrate intake in late gestation on subsequent milk yield and composition.

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