Extraction of Uronic Acid From Sargassum crassifolium and Its Feeding Effects On The Eggs Production and Quality of Lohmann Chicken Eggs

ABSTRACTThe use of antibiotics in chicken feed is currently banned because it can cause resistance to pathogenic bacteria and cause residues in products. This study aimed to see the effect of drinking water containing uronic acid extracted from Sargassum crassifolium (S. crassifolium) on the physical and chemical quality of Lohmann chicken eggs. One hundred and twenty laying hens were divided into 2 groups: (1) chickens given commercial feed containing antibiotics and (2) feed without additional antibiotics. The chickens were randomly assigned to one of the 5 brown seaweed supplementation treatments in drinking water A1=0.0% S.crassifolium (control); A2=2.5% S.crassifolium; A3=5.0% S.crassifolium; A4=7.5% S.crassifolium; A5=10.0% S.crassifolium. The study used a completely randomized factorial design of 5 treatments, 2 factors, and 3 replications. Each replication consisted of 6 heads of laying hens. There were no differences between treatments on the performance of laying hens (egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion); physical quality (eggshell, egg yolk, egg white, shell thickness, egg yolk, Haugh unit, egg index) and chemistry (superoxide dismutase production, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and Lohmann chicken egg cholesterol) but there was a difference in feed intake. The uronic acid extracted from S. crassifolium has not been able to increase the production and quality of Lohmann chicken eggs.Keywords: lohmann chicken, quality of eggs, Sargassum crassifolium, uronic acid

Bobot Badan dan Karakteristik Morfometrik Beberapa Galur Ayam Lokal

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bobot badan dan karakteristik morfometrik beberapa galur ayam lokal. Materi penelitian ini adalah ayam kampung super, ayam kampung unggul balitnak (KUB), dan ayam kampung masing-masing sebanyak 82 ekor. Data yang dihimpun adalah bobot badan, panjang paruh, lebar paruh, panjang kepala, lingkar kepala, tinggi kepala, panjang leher, lingkar leher, panjang sayap, panjang punggung, tinggi punggung, panjang dada, lebar dada, panjang shank, lingkar shank, panjang tibia, lingkar tibia, panjang jari ketiga dan jarak antara tulang pubis. Data bobot badan dan ukuran-ukuran tubuh dianalisis menggunakan uji-t sedangkan vektor nilai rata-rata ukuran-ukuran tubuh dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji T2-Hotelling. Analisis komponen utama digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi penciri ukuran dan bentuk tubuh ayam lokal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bobot bahwa bobot badan ayam kampung Super (837,98±68,97 g) berbeda nyata dengan ayam KUB (713,15±66,75 g) dan ayam kampung (605,53±80,01 g). Secara umum ayam kampung super memiliki morfometrik yang relatif lebih tinggi daripada ayam KUB dan ayam kampung. Penciri ukuran tubuh ayam kampung super dan ayam KUB adalah panjang tibia, sedangkan ayam kampung adalah lebar dada. Penciri bentuk tubuh ayam kampung super adalah lebar dada, sedangkan ayam KUB dan ayam kampung adalah panjang punggung. Disimpulkan bahwa bobot badan dan morfometrik tertinggi ditemukan pada ayam kampung super, disusul ayam KUB dan ayam kampung. Ayam kampung Super dan ayam KUB memiliki penciri ukuran tubuh (panjang tibia) yang berbeda dengan ayam kampung (lebar dada). Ayam kampung super memiliki penciri bentuk tubuh (lebar dada) yang berbeda dengan ayam KUB dan ayam kampung (panjang punggung).Kata Kunci: ayam lokal, bobot badan, karakteristk morfometrikABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the bodyweight and morphometric characteristics of several local chicken strains. The research material were three strains of native chicken: kampong super chicken, kampung unggul balitnak (KUB) chicken, and kampung chicken, each strains consisted of 82 heads. Data collection on body weight and morphometric characteristics were performed at 2 months of age. Data collected includes: body weight and morphometric characteristics which include beak length, beak width, head length, head circumference, head height, neck length, neck circumference, wing length, back length, back height, chest length, chest width, shank length, shank circumference, tibia length, tibia circumference, third finger length and pubic bone distance. Data collected were analyzed using t-test to determine differences in body weight and body measurements between chicken strains. Average value vector of chicken body measurements was analyzed using T2-Hotelling statistical test. Principal component analysis statistical test was used to identify the shape and size characteristics of each chicken strain. Data processing was assisted by using Minitab statistical software version 18. Results of this study showed that kampong super chicken has best bodyweight and body weight gain among other strains. The identifier of body size and shape of kampong super chicken were tibia length and breast width. The identifier of body size and shape of KUB chicken were tibia length and back length, while the identifier of body size and shape of the kampung chicken were chest width and back length. Keywords: body weight, native chicken, morphometric characteristic

Estimasi Korelasi Genetik antara Bobot Lahir dengan Bobot Sapih pada Kambing Saburai di Sentra Pembibitan Kabupaten Tanggamus Provinsi Lampung

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui estimasi nilai korelasi genetik antara berat lahir dan berat sapih pada kambing saburai di Kabupaten Tanggamus. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juli-Agustus 2018, berlokasi di Sentra pembibitan kambing saburai di Kabupaten Tanggamus. Materi penelitian ini sebanyak data 136 indukan dan data 150 anakan kambing saburai. Metode penelitian yaitu survei menggunakan data recording dan kuesioner. Variabel yang diamati adalah berat lahir dan berat sapih induk, berat lahir dan berat sapih cempe, umur sapih, umur induk saat melahirkan, tipe kelahiran cempe, dan jenis kelamin cempe. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berat lahir dan berat sapih induk masing-masing adalah 3,10±0,47 dan 12,15± 2,29; berat lahir dan berat sapih cempe masing-masing adalah 3,25±0,48 dan 12,60± 2,77. Korelasi genetik berat lahir dan berat sapih di Sentra Pembibitan Kabupaten Tanggamus adalah 0,37. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah seleksi peningkatan bobot lahir akan meningkatkan bobot sapih kambing saburai.Kata kunci: bobot lahir, bobot sapih, kambing saburai, korelasi genetikABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the estimation of genetic correlation values of birth weights and weaning weights in Saburai goats in Tanggamus regency. The study was conducted in July-August 2018, located in the breeding area, Tanggamus Regency. The materials of research were data from 136 doe and 150 kids. The research was conducted by survey method using the recording data and questionnaire. The variables observed were birth weight and weaning weight of doe, birth weight and weaning weight of the kid, weaning age, doe’s age at parturition, birth type of kid, and sex of kid. The results of this study indicate that the average birth weight of doe was 3.10±0.47, the weaning weight of doe was 12.15±2.29, the birth weight of kid was 3.25±0.48, and weaning weight of kid was 12.60±2.77. It can be concluded that the estimation of genetic correlation between birth weight and weaning weight of saburai goat was high with score of 0.37. Selection on birth weight can increase weaning weight in saburai goat. Keywords: birth weight, weaning weight, saburai goat, genetic correlation

Air Rebusan Daun Sirih sebagai Antibakteri Alami untuk Mencegah Mastitis

ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui diameter daya hambat air rebusan daun sirih terhadap bakteri penyebab mastitis. Bakteri yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. daun sirih yang digunakan adalah daun sirih hijau yang banyak tumbuh di Pulau Timor. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah faktorial dengan 3 waktu perebusan (30, 45 dan 60 menit) dan 3 konsentrasi (12.5%, 25% dan 50%) dengan 3 pengulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa air rebusan daun sirih hijau belum mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli. Air rebusan daun sirih konsentrasi 50% dengan waktu perebusan 45 menit menunjukkan hasil penghambatan paling besar. Air rebusan daun sirih mampu menghambat bakteri Staphylococcus aureus namun belum mampu menghambat bakteri Escherichia coli.Kata kunci: Escherichia coli, rebusan air daun sirih, Staphylococcus aureus, uji antibakteriABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to determine the inhibition of betel leaf decoction water against bacteria that caused mastitis. The bacteria used in this study are Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The betel leaves used are non-fragrant green betel leaves which are widely grown on Timor Island. The design used was a factorial pattern with 3 boiling time (30, 45 and 60 minutes) and 3 concentrations of boiled water (12.5%, 25% and 50%) with 3 replications. The results showed that the betel leaf decoction water was not able to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli. Betel leaf decoction water concentration of 50% with a boiling time of 45 minutes showed the greatest inhibitory effect. Betel leaf decoction water has been proven to be able to inhibit the Staphylococcus aureus but has not been able to inhibit Escherichia coli.Keywords: Escherichia coli, decoction of betel leaf water, Staphylococcus aureus, antibacterial test

Kualitas Semen Beku Sexing Sapi Peranakan Ongole Menggunakan Volume Semen Awal Yang Berbeda

ABSTRAKInseminasi buatan dengan menggunakan semen sexing diharapkan menghasilkan pedet dengan jenis kelamin sesuai harapan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas, proporsi, dan jumlah produksi straw sexing menggunakan metode sentrifugasi gradien densitas percoll dengan volume awal semen yang berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan di Loka Penelitian Sapi Potong, Kecamatan Grati, Kabupaten Pasuruan dan Laboratorium Reproduksi Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Brawijaya, Malang. Materi yang digunakan adalah semen sapi peranakan ongole berumur berkisar lima tahun dan bobot badan berkisar 700 kg sebanyak tiga ekor, motilitas massa ≥2+ dan motilitas individu ≥70%. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimental dengan tiga perlakuan volume awal saat sexing, yaitu 1 (P1); 1,5 (P2); dan 2 (P3) ml dengan ulangan 11 kali (ulangan berfungsi sebagai kelompok). Data dianalisa menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan volume awal semen tidak berpengaruh (menurun) terhadap motilitas, viabilitas, abnormalitas, konsentrasi, total spermatozoa motil, recovery rate dan proporsi spermatozoa (P>0,05). Pengaruh yang sangat nyata (meningkat) terhadap jumlah produksi straw (P<0,01). Ulangan penelitian ini memberikan pengaruh yang sangat nyata (meningkat) terhadap kualitas (motilitas, konsentrasi, viabilitas, abnormalitas, total spermatozoa motil, RR, proporsi dan jumlah straw) dan proporsi spermatozoa X dan Y (P<0,01). Total spermatozoa motil setiap perlakuan telah memenuhi nilai harapan (10 juta/straw). Proporsi spermatozoa X dan Y telah memenuhi nilai harapan (80%:20%).Kata Kunci: kualitas, proporsi, semen beku sexing, strawABSTRACTArtificial insemination using sexing semen is expected to produce calves with the expected sex. The aim of this study was to determine the quality, proportion, and quantity of sexing semen production using the percoll density gradient centrifugation method with different initial semen volumes. The research was conducted at the Beef Cattle Research, Grati District, Pasuruan Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia, and the Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Malang, East Java Province, Indonesia. The material used was semen from three Ongole crossbred bull aged around five years and the bodyweight of around 700 kg, mass motility of ≥2+, and individual motility ≥70%. The method used was experimental with three initial volume treatments during sexing, namely 1 (P1); 1.5 (P2), and 2 (P3) ml with 11 replications (replications function as groups). The data were analyzed using a randomized block design (RBD). The results showed that the treatment of differences in initial semen volume did not affect motility, viability, abnormalities, concentration, total motile sperm, recovery rate, and proportion of sperm (P>0.05). On the other hand, the difference in the initial volume of semen had a very significant effect (increased) on the amount of frozen semen production (P<0.01). Repeated research also had a very significant effect (increased) on the semen quality (motility, concentration, viability, abnormality, total sperm motility, recovery rate proportion, and straw production) and the proportion of spermatozoa X and Y (P<0.01). The total motile sperm for each treatment had met the expected value (10 million/straw). Proportions of spermatozoa X and Y have met the expected value (80%: 20%).Keywords: proportion, quality, sexing frozen semen, straw.

Suplementasi Ampas Teh Hijau Fermentasi pada Pakan terhadap Performa dan Income Over Feed Cost Itik Cihateup

ABSTRAKAmpas teh hijau merupakan salah limbah yang berasal dari rumah tangga maupun industri pengolah teh yang ketersediaannya cukup melimpah seiring tingginya konsumsi teh masyarakat Indonesia. Ampas teh hijau dilaporkan mengandung senyawa polifenol dengan kandungan antioksidan yang tinggi namun memiliki senyawa antinutrisi yaitu tanin yang dapat menghambat proses kecernaan nutrien. Tanin dapat diminimalisir dan dihilangkan kandungannya pada ampas teh melalui proses fermentasi sehingga kecernaan dapat ditingkatkan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan ampas teh hijau fermentasi (ATHF) terhadap performa (pertambahan bobot badan, konversi pakan, persentase karkas) dan income over feed cost itik Cihateup. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimen menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap. Sebanyak 60 ekor itik Cihateup berumur sehari dikelompokkan secara acak pada 4 kelompok perlakuan pakan yang disuplementasi dengan ATHF yaitu K0 (0% ATHF), K1 (1% ATHF), K2 (2% ATHF), dan K3 (3% ATHF). Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan apabila berbeda nyata diuji lanjut dengan metode Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Penambahan ATHF pada pakan itik Cihateup menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata pada parameter pertumbuhan bobot badan dan konversi pakan serta berbeda sangat nyata pada IOFC. Penambahan ampas teh hijau fermentasi pada level 1% memberikan dampak positif terhadap perbaikan pertambahan bobot badan, konversi pakan, dan IOFC.Kata kunci: ampas teh, income over feed cost, imbuhan pakan,. teh fermentasiABSTRACTGreen tea waste is one of the waste originating from households and the tea processing industry, whose availability is quite abundant in line with the high consumption of Indonesian tea. Green tea pulp is reported to contain polyphenol compounds with high antioxidant content but has an anti-nutrient compound namely tannins which can inhibit the process of nutrient digestion. Tannins can be minimized and their presence eliminated in tea waste through the fermentation process so that digestibility can be improved. The study aims to determine the effect of the addition of fermented green tea waste (ATHF) to growth performance (body weight gain, feed conversion, carcass percentage) and income over feed cost of Cihateup ducks. The research was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design. Sixty-day-old Cihateup ducks were randomly grouped into 4 treatment groups supplemented with ATHF, namely K0 (0% ATHF), K1 (1% ATHF), K2 (2% ATHF), and K3 (3% ATHF). The data were analyzed using ANOVA and if they were significantly different, it was further tested using the Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) method. . The addition of ATHF in Cihateup duck feed showed significant differences in body weight gain parameters and feed conversion and was very significantly different in IOFC. The addition of fermented green tea waste at the level of 1% had a positive impact on improving body weight gain, feed conversion, and IOFC.Keywords: feed additive, fermented tea, tea waste, income over feed cost

Review: Pengaruh Pakan Terhadap Kualitas Semen Ayam

ABSTRAKSemen adalah cairan yang dikeluarkan oleh organ kelamin ternak jantan yang secara normal diejakulasikan ke dalam saluran reproduksi ternak betina melalui kopulasi. Evaluasi semen merupakan alat utama untuk memprediksi kinerja reproduksi ternak ayam jantan. Evaluasi kualitas semen penting dilakukan untuk menyelesaikan salah satu masalah utama dalam peternakan pembibitan ayam, yaitu rendahnya fertilitas. Faktor terbesar dari sumber masalah tersebut terkait dengan rendahnya kualitas semen ayam. Kualitas semen ayam lebih banyak dipengaruhi oleh faktor non genetik, seperti faktor pakan dan nutrisi. Tujuan dari penulisan makalah ini adalah untuk mengkaji hasil-hasil studi terkait pengaruh pakan terhadap kualitas semen ayam. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa faktor pakan sangat mempengaruhi kualitas semen ayam, terutama imbangan energi metabolis-protein dalam pakan ayam jantan sangat penting diatur untuk menjaga berat badan ayam jantan agar tidak terjadi kelebihan atau kekurangan berat badan yang sangat mempengaruhi kualitas semen ayam. Suplementasi suplemen dan imbuhan pakan menjadi upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas semen ayam. Jenis suplementasi yang dapat dilakukan dengan bahan sumber antioksidan, asam amino, mikromineral, bahan mengandung bioaktif tanaman, bahan sumber asam lemak dan probiotik. Disimpulkan bahwa faktor pakan sangat menentukan terhadap kualitas semen ayam.Kata kunci: ayam jantan, kualitas semen, pakanABSTRACTRooster semen is a liquid released by the genitals of the roosters which is normally ejaculated into the female reproductive tract during copulation. Semen evaluation is the main way to predict the reproductive performance of roosters. Semen quality evaluation is important to solve one of the main problems in poultry breeding farms, namely low fertility, whereas the biggest factor of this problem source is related to the poor of roosters’ semen quality. The quality of roosters semen is more influenced by non-genetic factors, such as feed and nutrition. The purpose of this paper was to examine the results of studies so far related to the effect of feed on the roosters’ semen quality. The results of the study indicated that the feed factor greatly influences the quality of roosters semen. The metabolic energy-protein balance in the rooster's feed was very important to regulate to maintain the weight of the rooster so as not to overweight and underweight because bodyweight greatly affects the quality of roosters semen. Supplementation of feed supplements and feed additives was an effort that can be done to improve the roosters semen quality. The kind of supplementation that could be done was supplementation of antioxidant sources, amino acids, microminerals, materials containing plant bioactive, fatty acid source ingredients, and probiotics. It was concluded that the feed factor was crucial to the quality of semen quality produced by the roosters.Keywords: feed, rooster, semen quality

Usaha Ternak Domba sebagai Jalur Keluar dari Kemiskinan Buruh Tani di Perdesaan

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kemungkinan usaha ternak domba sebagai aktivitas nafkah untuk pengentasan kemiskinan, serta menentukan jumlah kepemilikan domba yang dapat membawa rumah tangga buruh tani keluar dari kemiskinan. Survey telah dilakukan di Desa Walangsari Kecamatan Kalapanunggal Kabupaten Sukabumi, melibatkan rumah tangga buruh tani miskin sebanyak 65 orang dan 22 orang tidak miskin. Faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kemiskinan dianalisis menggunakan model regresi logistik biner, sedangkan jumlah kepemilikan domba yang harus dipelihara untuk keluar dari kemiskinan ditentukan dengan model regresi sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usia kepala keluarga, dan pengalaman beternak tidak mempengaruhi kemiskinan, sedangkan jumlah kepemilikan domba, jumlah anggota rumah tangga, keterlibatan dalam kelembagaan, serta sumber pendapatan dari non pertanian mempengaruhi status kemiskinan rumah tangga buruh tani. Pada rata-rata jumlah anggota rumah tangga sebanyak 4,45 orang,untuk keluar dari kemiskinan buruh tani harus memelihara minimal sebanyak 36,63 ekor domba per rumah tangga. Hasil penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa usaha ternak domba dapat digunakan sebagai sarana untuk pengentasan kemiskinan buruh tani, program pengentasan kemiskinan akan efektif bila melibatkan kelembagaan lokal.Kata Kunci: buruh tani, jumlah kepemilikan domba, kemiskinanABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the possibility of sheep farming as a livelihood activity for poverty alleviation and to determine the amount of sheep ownership that can bring farm laborers households out of poverty. Survey research has been carried out in Walangsari Village, Kalapanunggal District, Sukabumi Regency, involving 65 poor farmer households and 22 non-poor households. Factors affecting poverty were analyzed using a binary logistic regression model, while the number of sheep ownership needed to escape poverty was determined by a simple regression model. The results showed that the age of the head of the family, and experience of sheep farmers did not affect poverty, while the number of sheep ownership, number of household members, involvement in institutions, and sources of income from non-agriculture affected the poverty status of farm laborers' households. In the average number of household members as many as 4.45 people, to get out of poverty must maintain a minimum of 36.63 sheep per household. This research explains that sheep farming can be used as a means to reduce the poverty of farm laborers, and poverty alleviation programs will be effective if they involve local institutions.Keywords: farm labor, number of sheep ownership, poverty

Produksi Jerami Arbila (Phaseolus Lunatus L) Pascapanen Akibat Penambahan Level Bokashi Feses Sapi dan Chromolaena yang Berbeda

ABSTRAKArbila merupakan legume pakan yang jeraminya merupakan pakan hijauan yang berkualitas bagi ruminansia, dan produksi jeraminya ditentukan oleh kualitas tanah. Level bokashi yang ditambahkan mempengaruhi kualitas tanah, yang tentu berdampak pada produksi jerami arbila. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi produksi jerami arbila pasca panen akibat pemberian level bokashi yang berbeda. Penelitian tersebut telah dilaksanakan selama 5 bulan di Desa Noelbaki. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, terdiri atas P0 = tanpa bokashi (kontrol), P10 = penambahan bokashi 10 ton/ha, P20 = bokashi 20 ton/ha, P30 = bokashi 30 ton/ha, P40 = bokashi 40 ton/ha. Variabel yang diamati adalah produksi bahan segar jerami (PBSJ) (ton/ha), produksi bahan kering jerami (PBKJ), produksi bahan organik jerami (PBOJ) arbila. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis varians dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil analisis varians menunjukkan bahwa level pemberian pupuk bokashi berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap PBSJ arbila serta berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap PBKJ dan PBOJ arbila. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diketahui rataan PBSJ arbila berkisar 0,46-2,52 ton/ha, PBKJ arbila berkisar 0,07-0,18 ton/ha, dan PBOJ arbila berkisar 0,04-0,16 ton/ha. Hasil uji Duncan menunjukkan bahwa nilai PBSJ, PBKJ dan PBOJ arbila tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan P40. Disimpulkan bahwa semakin meningkatnya level bokashi Chromolaena dan feses sapi, produksi jerami arbila semakin tinggi. Level bokashi feses sapi dan Chromolaena terbaik adalah 40 ton/ha.Kata kunci: arbila, bokashi, jerami, hijauan ABSTRACTArbila’s straw is a quality feed for ruminants. Production of these straw is determined by soil quality. The level of bokashi added influences the quality of the soil and therefore influences the straw production. This research aimed to evaluate arbila’s straw production post-harvest in different levels of bokashi. This research was carried out for 5 months at Noelbaki. The experimental design used was a randomized block design (RBD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications consisting of P0 = without bokashi (control), P10 = addition of 10 tons of bokashi / ha, P20 = 20 tons of bokashi / ha, P30 = 30 tons of bokashi / ha, P40 = bokashi 40 tons / ha. The observed variables were the straw fresh weight production (SFW) (tons/ha), straw dry matter production (SDM) (tons/ha), straw organik matter production (SOM) (tons/ha). Data were analyzed for variance and continued with Duncan test. Analysis of variance showed that the level of bokashi fertilizer had a very significant effect (P <0.01) on SFW and significantly affected (P <0.05) SDM and SOM. The average SFW in this study ranged from 0.46 to 2.52 tons/ha, HDM ranges from 0.07 to 0.18 tons/ha, and SOM ranges from 0.04 to 0.16 tons/ha. Duncan's test shows that the highest SFW, SDM and SOM are found in P40. It was concluded that arbila’s straw production increases with the level of Chromolaena and cattle manure bokashi added. Highest production was shown in group with 40 ton/ha bokashi.Keywords: bokashi, forage, Phaseolus lunatus L, straw

Total Jamur dan Identifikasi Yeast pada Limbah Kubis Fermentasi dengan Penambahan Vitamin dan Mineral

ABSTRAKPenelitian bertujuan mengkaji peningkatan kualitas limbah kubis fermentasi dengan penambahan vitamin dan mineral dilihat dari kandungan total jamur dan identifikasi yeast. Metode penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola searah dengan 5 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Pengolahan data pada parameter total jamur diolah menggunakan anova, jika ada pengaruh yang nyata dilanjutkan uji duncan, sedangkan pada parameter identifikasi yeast menggunakan metode deskriptif. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan vitamin dan mineral berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap total jamur yang dihasilkan. Total jamur terbanyak pada perlakuan penambahan vitamin dan mineral 10% dengan rata-rata total jamur 71,33 x 104 CFU/g. Pengecatan gram pada identifikasi jenis yeast didapatkan bentuk oval, soliter dan gram positif (yeast) menunjukkan identifikasi jenis yeast yang tumbuh yaitu Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Simpulan penelitian adalah penambahan vitamin dan mineral sebanyak 10% mampu meningkatkan kualitas limbah kubis fermentasi dilihat dari kandungan total jamur dan jenis yeast.Kata kunci: fermentasi, jamur, limbah kubis, pengecatan gram, yeastABSTRACTThe study aimed to evaluate the quality improvement of fermented cabbage waste which was added by vitamins and minerals by observing the total fungus and type of yeast. The method used was a completely randomized design (CRD) unidirectional pattern, with 5 treatments and 3 replications. Statistical analysis of total fungus was processed by ANOVA and continued by the Duncan Multiple Renge test, and the data type of yeast was discussed descriptively. The result showed, the addition of vitamin and mineral treatment significantly influenced the number of fungi (P<0,05). The highest number of fungus was shown beside 10% supplementation of vitamins and minerals (7.33 x 104 CFU/g). Gram coloring on the identification of yeast types obtained oval, solitary, and gram-positive (yeast) it shows that the identification of the growing yeast type, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The conclusion of the addition of 10% vitamins and minerals can improve the quality of 2 days cabbage waste fermentation seen from the total fungus and the type of yeast that grows.Key Words: cabbage waste, fermentation, gram paintings, yeast