scholarly journals Electrocoagulation Process by Using Aluminium and Stainless Steel Electrodes to Treat Total Chromium, Colour and Turbidity

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 681-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Khairul Nizam Mahmad ◽  
M.A.Z. Mohd Remy Rozainy ◽  
Ismail Abustan ◽  
Norlia Baharun
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Total Chromium ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process ◽  
Steel Electrodes

scholarly journals Batch elimination of cationic dye from aqueous solution by electrocoagulation process

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Ezzahra Titchou ◽  
Hanane Afanga ◽  
Hicham Zazou ◽  
Rachid Ait Akbour ◽  
Mohamed Hamdani
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Electrode Spacing ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process ◽  
Electrical Power Consumption ◽  
Steel Electrodes

Like other developing countries, Morocco has undergone a real industrial revolution that generates a huge amount of colored wastewater. Methylene blue (MB) could be considered as commonly model of cationic dyes that are widely used in industries. In the present work, the removal of MB was investigated in the presence of NaCl as electrolyte by electrocoagulation (EC) process. Parameters studied are the nature of electrodes, electrode spacing, initial dye concentration, agitation speed, applied current density, NaCl concentration, and the effect of the initial pH. Stainless steel electrodes have been used as cathode and anode in the electrochemical cell. The performance of the process was evaluated in terms of color removal, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), electrical power consumption, current efficiency, and the quantity of sludge formed. The results showed that the removal percent of 20 mg/L MB is 100 %, using stainless steel electrodes with an interspace of 1.5 cm and 20 mA/cm² for 6 min in the presence of 0.1 M NaCl at natural pH. COD and TOC removals within 15 min were 45% and 51% respectively. The power consumption, in that case, was 5.84 KWh/m3, while the amount of sludge formed was 1.64 Kg/m3.

A Method for Chronically Implanting Stimulating Electrodes into the Brains of Locusts, and some Results of Stimulation

1963 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-284
Author(s):  
C. H. FRASER ROWELL
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Stimulating Electrodes ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Antennal Movement ◽  
Steel Electrodes

1. Methods are described for implanting permanent stainless-steel electrodes into the brains of locusts, for stimulating the brain under near-normal conditions, and for localizing the electrode subsequently. 2. Threshold currents measured under these conditions are lower than those required in acute preparations, or if the animal is restrained. 3. The results of stimulation are described for four common aspects of behaviour. These are antennal movement, locomotion, feeding and sexual behaviour. 4. The effect of stimulation on antennal and locomotory movements largely confirms previous work on crickets. 5. Feeding and foraging behaviour, which is a very common result, is shown to be almost completely determined by peripheral stimuli at the time of brain stimulation. The role of the latter is permissive or disinhibitory rather than causal or excitatory. 6. Integrated sexual behaviour is occasionally inhibited, but never elicited, by stimulation. This contrasts with observations on crickets, and its implications are discussed.

Correlation of the startle reflex and Mauthner cell auditory responses in unrestrained goldfish

1977 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Zottoli
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Startle Reflex ◽  
Sound Stimulus ◽  
M Cells ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Mauthner Cell ◽  
Auditory Responses ◽  
Cell Electrode ◽  
Steel Electrodes

Stainless-steel electrodes were implanted near the left or right. Mauthner cells (M-cells) of goldfish to determine if these cells can initiate the startle reflex evoked by a brief sinusoidal sound stimulus. Recordings of the M-cell extracellular spike were obtained for the duration of 10 experiments. Fish with chronic implants were allowed to free-swim and exposed to at least 10 consecutive sound stimuli consisting of 2 cycles of 200 Hz. Seventy-three startle responses were analysed. In 34 cases the implanted M-cell electrode was contralateral to the contracting musculature, and in each of these cases, a M-cell spike preceded the EMG response by 1-1-2-1 ms. In the reamining 39 cases the electrode was ipsilateral to the active musculature, and the M-cell only fired in one of these trails. There were no startle responses and no M-cell firings in an additional 52 tests. Since the M-cell activates contralateral motoneurones, the results indicate it is responsible for initiation of the startle reflex.

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