scholarly journals Polymorphic variation in the SLC5A7 gene influences infant autonomic reactivity and self-regulation: A neurobiological model for ANS stress responsivity and infant temperament

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher W. Jones ◽  
Sarah A.O. Gray ◽  
Katherine P. Theall ◽  
Stacy S. Drury
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Infant Temperament ◽  
Autonomic Reactivity ◽  
Polymorphic Variation ◽  
Neurobiological Model ◽  
Stress Responsivity

scholarly journals Effects of pre- and postnatal maternal stress on infant temperament and autonomic nervous system reactivity and regulation in a diverse, low-income population

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1553-1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole R. Bush ◽  
Karen Jones-Mason ◽  
Michael Coccia ◽  
Zoe Caron ◽  
Abbey Alkon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Maternal Stress ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Infant Temperament ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia

AbstractWe examined the prospective associations of objective and subjective measures of stress during pregnancy with infant stress reactivity and regulation, an early-life predictor of psychopathology. In a racially and ethnically diverse low-income sample of 151 mother–infant dyads, maternal reports of stressful life events (SLE) and perceived stress (PS) were collected serially over gestation and the early postpartum period. Infant reactivity and regulation at 6 months of age was assessed via maternal report of temperament (negativity, surgency, and regulation) and infant parasympathetic nervous system physiology (respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]) during the Still Face Paradigm. Regression models predicting infant temperament showed higher maternal prenatal PS predicted lower surgency and self-regulation but not negativity. Regression models predicting infant physiology showed higher numbers of SLE during gestation predicted greater RSA reactivity and weaker recovery. Tests of interactions revealed SLE predicted RSA reactivity only at moderate to high levels of PS. Thus, findings suggest objective and subjective measures of maternal prenatal stress uniquely predict infant behavior and physiology, adjusting for key pre- and postnatal covariates, and advance the limited evidence for such prenatal programming within high-risk populations. Assessing multiple levels of maternal stress and offspring stress reactivity and regulation provides a richer picture of intergenerational transmission of adversity.

Infant Temperament and Early Self-Regulation

2019 ◽  
pp. 174-223
Author(s):  
Patricia Tan ◽  
Pamela Marie Cole
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Infant Temperament ◽  
Informant Report ◽  
Multimethod Assessment ◽  
Multimethod Approach

This chapter provides a clinically informed review of the available methods for assessing individual differences in young children’s emotional reactivity and regulation. Self-report and informant report as well as behavioral observations are reviewed in terms of strengths and challenges. The authors highlight the advantages of a multimethod approach for assessing temperamental influences on important developmental outcomes, including emotion regulation. A multimethod approach may produce more reliable measures and, critically, can advance our understanding of the development of emotion regulation and psychopathology. For example, multimethod assessment approaches are more amenable to statistical approaches that can quantify the effects of context on relations between temperament, emotion regulation, and developmental outcomes. If a multimethod approach that combines informant report and behavioral assessment methods is not feasible, it is especially important to choose a questionnaire or behavioral episode that is thought to elicit the temperamental dimensions and emotion regulation skills that are particularly relevant for certain disorders.

scholarly journals Infant Food Responsiveness in the Context of Temperament and Mothers' Use of Food to Soothe

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly A. Harris ◽  
Amy M. Moore ◽  
Cara F. Ruggiero ◽  
Lisa Bailey-Davis ◽  
Jennifer S. Savage
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Infant Temperament ◽  
Infant Food ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Linear Models

Parents' use of food to soothe an infants' non-hunger related distress may impair an infants' development of appetite self-regulation. Parents tend to use food to soothe if their infant has more ‘difficult' temperamental tendencies. However, the role of infant appetite in this association is unclear. This study investigates the moderating effect of infant food responsiveness on cross-sectional and prospective associations between infant temperament and mothers' use of food to soothe. Mothers (n = 200) from low-income households reported their infants' temperament (i.e., surgency, negative affect and regulation) and food responsiveness at age 4 months, and their use of food to soothe at age 4 and 6 months. Temperament × food responsiveness interactions on mothers' use of food to soothe were examined using general linear models, adjusting for covariates. Cross-sectional associations showed that mothers used more food to soothe at 4 months for infants who were lower in negative affect and higher in food responsiveness (negative affect × food responsiveness interaction: p = 0.03). Prospective associations showed that mothers used more food to soothe at 6 months for infants who were lower in regulation and higher in food responsiveness (infant regulation × food responsiveness interaction: p = 0.009). Other interactions were not significant. Infant food responsiveness was consistently associated with mothers' use of food to soothe, independent of some temperamental dimensions. The findings highlight the salience of infant food responsiveness, both independent of and in association with temperament, on mothers' use of food to soothe.

The role of sustained attention, maternal sensitivity, and infant temperament in the development of early self-regulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilda A. Frick ◽  
Tommie Forslund ◽  
Mari Fransson ◽  
Maria Johansson ◽  
Gunilla Bohlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Maternal Sensitivity ◽  
Infant Temperament

Self-Regulation and the Writing Process: Enhancing the Performance of Students With Language and Learning Difficulties

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Troia
Keyword(s):  
Writing Process ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Struggling Learners ◽  
Evidence Based Practices

Abstract This article first provides an overview of components of self-regulation in writing and specific examples of each component are given. The remainder of the article addresses common reasons why struggling learners experience trouble with revising, followed by evidence-based practices to help students revise their papers more effectively.

Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia During Sleep and Waking

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Stoakley ◽  
Karen J. Mathewson ◽  
Louis A. Schmidt ◽  
Kimberly A. Cote
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Affective Style ◽  
Waking State ◽  
Optimal Period ◽  
The Stability

Abstract. Resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is related to individual differences in waking affective style and self-regulation. However, little is known about the stability of RSA between sleep/wake stages or the relations between RSA during sleep and waking affective style. We examined resting RSA in 25 healthy undergraduates during the waking state and one night of sleep. Stability of cardiac variables across sleep/wake states was highly reliable within participants. As predicted, greater approach behavior and lower impulsivity were associated with higher RSA; these relations were evident in early night Non-REM (NREM) sleep, particularly in slow wave sleep (SWS). The current research extends previous findings by establishing stability of RSA within individuals between wake and sleep states, and by identifying SWS as an optimal period of measurement for relations between waking affective style and RSA.

Parasympathetic Concomitants of Habitual, Spontaneous, and Instructed Emotional Suppression

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmir Gračanin ◽  
Igor Kardum ◽  
Jasna Hudek-Knežević
Keyword(s):  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Emotional Suppression ◽  
Emotion Experience ◽  
Similar Relation

Abstract. The neurovisceral integration model proposes that different forms of self-regulation, including the emotional suppression, are characterized by the activation of neural network whose workings are also reflected in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). However, most of the previous studies failed to observe theoretically expected increases in RSA during emotional suppression. Even when such effects were observed, it was not clear whether they resulted from specific task demands, a decrease in muscle activity, or they were the consequence of more specific self-control processes. We investigated the relation between habitual or trait-like suppression, spontaneous, and instructed suppression with changes in RSA during negative emotion experience. A modest positive correlation between spontaneous situational and habitual suppression was observed across two experimental tasks. Furthermore, the results showed greater RSA increase among participants who experienced higher negative affect (NA) increase and reported higher spontaneous suppression than among those with higher NA increase and lower spontaneous suppression. Importantly, this effect was independent from the habitual suppression and observable facial expressions. The results of the additional task based on experimental manipulation, rather than spontaneous use of situational suppression, indicated a similar relation between suppression and RSA. Our results consistently demonstrate that emotional suppression, especially its self-regulation component, is followed by the increase in parasympathetic activity.

From Bi-Dimensionality to Uni-Dimensionality in Self-Report Questionnaires

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarne Schmalbach ◽  
Markus Zenger ◽  
Michalis P. Michaelides ◽  
Karin Schermelleh-Engel ◽  
Andreas Hinz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Self Report ◽  
External Criterion ◽  
Common Factor Model ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Core Self

Abstract. The common factor model – by far the most widely used model for factor analysis – assumes equal item intercepts across respondents. Due to idiosyncratic ways of understanding and answering items of a questionnaire, this assumption is often violated, leading to an underestimation of model fit. Maydeu-Olivares and Coffman (2006) suggested the introduction of a random intercept into the model to address this concern. The present study applies this method to six established instruments (measuring depression, procrastination, optimism, self-esteem, core self-evaluations, and self-regulation) with ambiguous factor structures, using data from representative general population samples. In testing and comparing three alternative factor models (one-factor model, two-factor model, and one-factor model with a random intercept) and analyzing differential correlational patterns with an external criterion, we empirically demonstrate the random intercept model’s merit, and clarify the factor structure for the above-mentioned questionnaires. In sum, we recommend the random intercept model for cases in which acquiescence is suspected to affect response behavior.

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