Chemical Composition and Digestibility of Preferred Forage Species by Lactating Somali Camels in Kenya

Abstract. Yalew S, Asmare B, Mekuriaw Y. 2020. Effects of fertilizer type and harvesting age on species composition, yield, and chemical composition of natural pasture in the highlands of Ethiopia. Biodiversitas 21: 4999-5007. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of fertilizer type and harvesting age on species composition, yield, and chemical composition of natural pasture in the highlands of Ethiopia. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement of two factors (fertilizer and harvesting age) with five replications. The data collected from the current study were forage species composition, dry matter yield, and chemical composition of natural pasture at different ages of harvesting. Forage species composition was determined by taking representative samples and identifying species from each sampling site. The samples of natural pasture were harvested at 90 and 120 days of age, weighed, dried, and then ground after that subsamples were taken for analyses of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ash, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL). All the collected data were subjected to GLM ANOVA procedures of SAS version 9.0. The result indicated that all species composition and dry matter yield were significantly affected (P<0.001) by fertilizer type and harvesting ages. Higher forbs (0.66%) were found in control plot at 90 days of harvesting age. Natural pasture harvested at 120 days of harvesting and urea fertilizer application results the highest dry matter yield (DMY) (8.26 t/ha) while the lowest level (3.20 t/ha) from unfertilized plot at 90 and 120 days of harvesting. The relative proportion of legumes in the natural pasture attained its climax stage at 90 days while grass attained at 120 days of harvesting. The highest mean DMY (6.24 tone/ha) was obtained at 120 days of harvesting and the lowest (4.71 ton/ha) at 90 days of harvesting. Among the chemical composition parameters, DM, ash and CP were significantly affected (P<0.001) by both fertilizer type and harvesting age. The content of CP and ash were increased with manure fertilizer at early harvest age and were decreased with delayed harvest age. The application of fertilizer type did not significantly affect (P>0.05) NDF content of the natural pasture rather affected by stage of harvesting (P<0.001). Regardless of DM yield, better quality pasture was recorded for early (90 days) harvesting age and use of compost recommended for future natural pasture improvements as use of chemical fertilizer is relatively expensive for the majority of smallholder farmers in the highlands.

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Agronomic characterization of forage grain crops

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v7i2.824 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 192

Author(s):

Eranildo Brasil da Silva ◽

Maria Socorro de Souza Carneiro ◽

Flávia Louzeiro de Aguiar Santiago ◽

Ricardo Loiola Edvan ◽

Leilson Rocha Bezerra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Forage Crops ◽

Mineral Contents ◽

Arid Conditions ◽

Brazilian Semiarid ◽

Forage Species ◽

Semiarid Conditions

The aim of this research was to accomplish agronomic and chemical composition of four forage species under the Brazilian semiarid conditions . The experimental design was a randomized block, in which the treatments consisted of forage crops: corn cv. BRS 205, millet cv. BRS 1501, sorghum cv. IPA 467-4-2 and sunflower cv. Catissol 01, with four repetitions. It was measured plant height (m2), number of plants, leaf/stem ratio, dry matter percentage, total dry matter and the chemical composition of different forage species. The sorghum showed a greater growth, reaching a height of 270.90 cm. For the leaf/stem ratio, the best results were observed by corn, followed by sunflower. In the chemical composition, the sunflower stood out compared to the other materials for crude protein, lipids and mineral contents. Sorghum present greater growth and mass production of straw for the Brazilian semi-arid conditions. The studied species have appropriate chemical composition characteristics, except for sunflower that has high ether extract contents.

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Effect of Sulfur Fertilization of Forage Species on Yield, Chemical Composition, and In vitro Rumen Microbial Activity of Sheep 1

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj1971.00021962006300040033x ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 621-623 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

D. L. Lancaster ◽

M. B. Jones ◽

J. H. Oh ◽

J. E. Ruckman

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Microbial Activity ◽

Forage Species ◽

Sulfur Fertilization

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Bromatological Analysis of the Fodder Marketed in the Peri-Urban Areas of Bujumbura (Burundi): Towards Spontaneous Fodder Conservation by Transformation into Silage

10.5772/intechopen.98217 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Joseph Butore ◽

Daniel Sindaye ◽

Mathias Hitimana ◽

Jacques Nkengurutse ◽

Tatien Masharabu

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Nutritional Quality ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Major Elements ◽

Environmental Determinants ◽

Field Investigations ◽

Wide Range ◽

Forage Species

Peri-urban areas of Bujumbura host a significant number of dairy cattle, which consequently ensure a substantial production of milk consumed in the Burundian capital. The presence of these cows in peri-urban areas has led to the emergence of an atypical market for spontaneous forage species. The present study seeks to determine the food and nutritional value of this fodder. A test on its conservation by transformation into silage was also carried out. Botanical field investigations and plant samples collection were carried out under the guidance of fodders suppliers. Based on the bromatological value deficiency thresholds for cattle, the results showed that the content of digestible nitrogenous matter and major elements (Ca, P, K, and Mg) in the forage is within acceptable limits. The final product obtained after fermentation, based on its color, its smell, and its consistency, is indeed silage. The chemical composition of fermented fodder showed that the nutritional quality has remained almost the same. Further research on digestibility of this forage is necessary. A study of the environmental determinants of spontaneous forage distribution at multiple sites and over a wide range of parameters may contribute to a better understanding of the importance of this fodder particularly in times of fodder deficit.

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Botanical and chemical composition of the diet selected by cattle in three range types in central Australia.

The Rangeland Journal ◽

10.1071/rj9870086 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 86 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

VR Squires ◽

WA Low

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Dietary Nitrogen ◽

Study Selection ◽

Forage Species ◽

Annual Grasses ◽

Central Australia ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

Long Term Impact ◽

Open Woodland

The diet selected by oesophageally fistulatcd cattle was assessed for its botanical and chemical composition in three range types, Acacia (mulga) Shrublands, Open Woodlands and Astrebla (Mitchell grass) Grasslands, in central Australia. The study was conducted over a 15 month period commencing in September, 1976 during a period of above-average rainfall. There were few positive correlations between range condition, as assessed by the now superceded STARC method, and attributes such as forage biomass, dietary nitrogen or in vifro digestibility values. Cattle had a larger than usual biomass of forage to choose from and a greater species richness because of seasonal conditions. Cattle preferred annual grasses and forbs to the perennial species in the three range types except that browse species made up a large proportion of the diet after the flush of annuals had gone. Levels of dietary nitrogen were generally higher in Acacia Shrubland than in Open Woodland and Astrebla Grassland, were related to rainfall rather than seasons and dropped below maintenance level when forage dried off, even during the favourable climatic conditions of the study. Selection of some forage species was intense and the long term impact of grazing on these species is likely to lead to their further decline. Graziers must consider the condition and availability of forage species in addition to cattle behaviour and condition when making management decisions.

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The Origin of the Moon

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900178209 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 149-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. L. Ruskol

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Solar System ◽

The Moon ◽

The Earth ◽

The Difference ◽

Origin Of The Moon

The difference between average densities of the Moon and Earth was interpreted in the preceding report by Professor H. Urey as indicating a difference in their chemical composition. Therefore, Urey assumes the Moon's formation to have taken place far away from the Earth, under conditions differing substantially from the conditions of Earth's formation. In such a case, the Earth should have captured the Moon. As is admitted by Professor Urey himself, such a capture is a very improbable event. In addition, an assumption that the “lunar” dimensions were representative of protoplanetary bodies in the entire solar system encounters great difficulties.

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On the Inhomogeneity of Chemical Composition over the Surface of 21 Per

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100080659 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 343-349

Author(s):

Yu.V. Glagolevsky ◽

K.I. Kozlova ◽

V.S. Lebedev ◽

N.S. Polosukhina

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Spectral Line ◽

Variable Star ◽

Radial Velocities ◽

Crimean Astrophysical Observatory ◽

Line Intensities ◽

Magnetic Variable

SummaryThe magnetic variable star 21 Per has been studied from 4 and 8 Å/mm spectra obtained with the 2.6 - meter reflector of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory. Spectral line intensities (Wλ) and radial velocities (Vr) have been measured.

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Structural Studies on Mitotic Spindle Fibres

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100070345 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 615-626

Author(s):

J.R. Mcintosh

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Mitotic Spindle ◽

Structural Studies ◽

Mitotic Apparatus ◽

Chemical Studies ◽

Medical Interest ◽

Spindle Fibres

The mitotic apparatus is a structure of obvious biological and medical interest, but it has proved to be a difficult cellular machine to understand. The chemical composition of the spindle is only slightly elucidated, largely because of the difficulties in preparing useful isolates of the structure. Chemical studies of the mitotic spindle have been reviewed elsewhere (Mcintosh, 1977), and will not be discussed further here. One would think that structural studies on the mitotic apparatus (MA) in situ would be straightforward, but even with this approach there is some disagreement in the results obtained with various methods and by different investigators. In this paper I will review briefly the approaches which have been used in structural studies of the MA, pointing out the strengths and problems of each approach. I will summarize the principal findings of the different methods, and identify what seem to be fruitful avenues for further work.

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