Bromatological Analysis of the Fodder Marketed in the Peri-Urban Areas of Bujumbura (Burundi): Towards Spontaneous Fodder Conservation by Transformation into Silage

Peri-urban areas of Bujumbura host a significant number of dairy cattle, which consequently ensure a substantial production of milk consumed in the Burundian capital. The presence of these cows in peri-urban areas has led to the emergence of an atypical market for spontaneous forage species. The present study seeks to determine the food and nutritional value of this fodder. A test on its conservation by transformation into silage was also carried out. Botanical field investigations and plant samples collection were carried out under the guidance of fodders suppliers. Based on the bromatological value deficiency thresholds for cattle, the results showed that the content of digestible nitrogenous matter and major elements (Ca, P, K, and Mg) in the forage is within acceptable limits. The final product obtained after fermentation, based on its color, its smell, and its consistency, is indeed silage. The chemical composition of fermented fodder showed that the nutritional quality has remained almost the same. Further research on digestibility of this forage is necessary. A study of the environmental determinants of spontaneous forage distribution at multiple sites and over a wide range of parameters may contribute to a better understanding of the importance of this fodder particularly in times of fodder deficit.

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Database development «Chemical composition and nutritional value of feed for dairy cattle, sheep and pigs»

Animal Husbandry and Fodder Production ◽

10.33284/2658-3135-102-3-156 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 102 (3) ◽

pp. 156-162

Author(s):

AS Anikin ◽

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Database Development

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Influence of storage on the chemical composition of Stylosanthes hays for equine feeding

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n2p819 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 819 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Diego Figueiredo da Costa ◽

Aline Ferreira da Silva ◽

Areano Ethério Moreira de Farias ◽

Arthur Willian de Lima Brasil ◽

Fabrine Alexandre dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Nutritional Quality ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Storage Period ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Stylosanthes Guianensis ◽

Split Plot ◽

Dry Seasons ◽

Plot Design

During dry seasons, equines are traditionally fed hay. However, if not prepared under favorable climatic conditions and if not properly stored, hay does not preserve its nutritional value. The aim of this research was to evaluate the chemical composition in Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirão and Estilosantes Campo Grande hay varieties, used to feed equines over 225 days of storage. Treatments consisted of Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirão and Estilosantes Campo Grande hay varieties, assessed at six moments of storage: 0, 45, 90, 135, 180, and 225 days. The experiment followed a completely randomized split-plot design. In the comparison between varieties, differences (P0.05) over the 225 days of storage. The storage period had little impact on the nutritional quality of the assessed hays. The Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirão and, mainly, Estilosantes Campo Grande hay varieties have potential to be used in equine diet.

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Chemical Composition of Backfat in 58 kg Pig Carcasses Covering a Wide Range of Fat Thickness

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600017074 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 1988 ◽

pp. 69-69

Author(s):

M. Enser ◽

J.D. Wood ◽

C.B. Moncrieff ◽

A.J. Kempster

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Energy Content ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Wide Range ◽

Fat Thickness ◽

Pig Carcasses

The chemical composition of pig backfat determines its physical properties of firmness and cohesiveness as well as its nutritional value. The firmness of the tissue depends upon its content of saturated fatty acids, particularly stearic, which make it harder; and unsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic, which make it softer. Cohesiveness depends upon the connective tissue and fat content and the compositon of these; soft fat and low cohesiveness frequently being found together. Nutritional value may be judged by the energy content of the tissue, which increases in proportion to its lipid content, or by the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids (P:S ratio), used by COMA to indicate the desirability of the fat as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. There is evidence that as fatness has been reduced in British pigs, composition has changed with consequences for these characteristics.

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Influence of storage on the chemical composition of Stylosanthes hays for equine feeding

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n2p903 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 903

Author(s):

Maria Lindomárcia Leonardo da Costa ◽

Adalgiza Souza Carneiro de Rezende ◽

Ângela Maria Quintão Lana ◽

Juliano Martins Santiago ◽

Eloísa De Oliveira Simões Saliba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Nutritional Quality ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Storage Period ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Stylosanthes Guianensis ◽

Split Plot ◽

Dry Seasons ◽

Plot Design

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Prevalence of Ticks Infesting Dairy Cattle and the Pathogens They Harbour in Smallholder Farms in Peri-Urban Areas of Nairobi, Kenya

Veterinary Medicine International ◽

10.1155/2021/9501648 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Shepelo Getrude Peter ◽

Hellen Wambui Kariuki ◽

Gabriel Oluga Aboge ◽

Daniel Waweru Gakuya ◽

Ndichu Maingi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Tick Species ◽

Rickettsia Conorii ◽

Public Health Importance ◽

Multiple Sequence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Smallholder Farms ◽

Ehrlichia Ruminantium ◽

Wide Range

This study aimed at determining the tick species infesting dairy cattle in Nairobi, Kenya, and the pathogens they harbour. While ticks are well-known vectors of major bacterial pathogens of both veterinary importance and public health importance, few studies have investigated the range of the tick species and the associated pathogens, especially present in unique dairy production systems, which compromise animal welfare, such as those in peri-urban areas. A cross-sectional study was undertaken involving 314 randomly selected dairy cattle in 109 smallholder farms. Each animal was examined for attached ticks followed by morphological tick identification at the species level. Genomic DNA was extracted from each of the ticks, and 16S rDNA gene was amplified for pathogen identification. Sequencing of the amplicons and subsequent BLASTn analysis, multiple sequence alignment, and phylogenetic reconstruction were performed to confirm the species of the pathogens. Sixty-six (21.0%) of the cattle examined had ticks. A total of 94 adult ticks were found on the cattle, and of these, 63 (67.0%), 18 (19.1%), and 13 (13.8%) were in the genera Rhipicephalus, Amblyomma, and Hyalomma, respectively. Twelve tick species in Rhipicephalus genus and two in Amblyomma and Hyalomma genera were identified. Although Rh. decoloratus was the most prevalent tick (24.5% (23/94)), the emerging Rh. microplus (6.4% (6/94)) was also identified. The DNA of Rickettsia was detected in the ticks, with Rickettsia conorii in H. rufipes and A. variegatum, and Rickettsia aeschlimannii in Rh. microplus and H. rufipes, while Ehrlichia ruminantium and E. canis were in A. variegatum. In conclusion, the study reported a wide range of tick species present in the study area including Rhipicephalus microplus, which is an emerging tick species in parts of Kenya. The ticks harboured DNA of Rickettsia and Ehrlichia, highlighting possible animal and human health concerns. Hence, effective tick control strategies remain paramount to prevent potential diseases associated with the harboured pathogens.

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Food Composition Databases: Does It Matter to Human Health?

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13082816 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2816

Author(s):

Amélia Delgado ◽

Manel Issaoui ◽

Margarida C. Vieira ◽

Isabel Saraiva de Carvalho ◽

Anthony Fardet

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Quality ◽

Food Habits ◽

Food Systems ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Food Choices ◽

Food Composition ◽

Health Impacts ◽

Food Matrix ◽

Wide Range ◽

Ease Of Access

Food provides humans with more than just energy and nutrients, addressing both vital needs and pleasure. Food habits are determined by a wide range of factors, from sensorial stimuli to beliefs and, once commanded by local and seasonal availability, are nowadays driven by marketing campaigns promoting unhealthy and non-sustainable foodstuffs. Top-down and bottom-up changes are transforming food systems, driven by policies on SDGs and by consumer’s concerns about environmental and health impacts. Food quality, in terms of taste, safety, and nutritional value, is determined by its composition, described in food composition databases (FDBs). FDBs are then useful resources to agronomists, food and mechanical engineers, nutritionists, marketers, and others in their efforts to address at maximum human nutrient needs. In this work, we analyse some relevant food composition databases (viz., purpose, type of data, ease of access, regularity of updates), inspecting information on the health and environmental nexus, such as food origin, production mode as well as nutritional quality. The usefulness and limitations of food databases are discussed regarding what concerns sustainable diets, the food ‘matrix effect’, missing compounds, safe processing, and in guiding innovation in foods, as well as in shaping consumers’ perceptions and food choices.

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Biscogniauxia (Hypoxylon) Canker or Dieback in Trees

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-fr407-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Claudia Paez ◽

Jason A. Smith

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Tree Species ◽

Soil Compaction ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Root Disease ◽

Poor Health ◽

Green Spaces ◽

Opportunistic Pathogens ◽

Wide Range ◽

Quercus Spp

Biscogniauxia canker or dieback (formerly called Hypoxylon canker or dieback) is a common contributor to poor health and decay in a wide range of tree species (Balbalian & Henn 2014). This disease is caused by several species of fungi in the genus Biscogniauxia (formerly Hypoxylon). B. atropunctata or B. mediterranea are usually the species found on Quercus spp. and other hosts in Florida, affecting trees growing in many different habitats, such as forests, parks, green spaces and urban areas (McBride & Appel, 2009). Typically, species of Biscogniauxia are opportunistic pathogens that do not affect healthy and vigorous trees; some species are more virulent than others. However, once they infect trees under stress (water stress, root disease, soil compaction, construction damage etc.) they can quickly colonize the host. Once a tree is infected and fruiting structures of the fungus are evident, the tree is not likely to survive especially if the infection is in the tree's trunk (Anderson et al., 1995).

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Chemical Composition and Nutritional value of fresh strawberry fruit (Fragaria x ananassa)

10.33107/ubt-ic.2017.175 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Hyrie Koraqi ◽

Sami Makolli ◽

Gafur Xhabiri

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Fragaria X Ananassa ◽

Strawberry Fruit

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USE OF CELL AND MOLECULAR GENETIC MANIPULATION TO IMPROVE PASTURE PLANTS

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1988.49.1828 ◽

1988 ◽

pp. 67-72

Author(s):

D.W.R. White

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

White Clover ◽

Nutritional Quality ◽

Rust Resistance ◽

Herbicide Tolerance ◽

Pest Resistance ◽

Crown Rust ◽

Wide Range ◽

Pasture Plants

Cell culture and genetic engineering techniques can be used to develop improved pasture plants. To utilise these methods we have developed procedures for regenerating plants from tissue cultures of perennial ryegrass and white clover. In both, the plant genotype influences regeneration capacity. There was significant genetic variation among regenerated perennial ryegrass plants in a wide range of characteristics. Most of the regenerants were resIstant to crown rust and this trait was highly heritable. This rust resistance is being used to breed a new ryegrass cultivar. A system for introducing cloned genes into white clover is described. This capability is bemg used to incorporate genes with the potential to improve nutritional quality and pest resistance. Other possibilities for engineering genetic improvements in white clover, genes conferring herbicide tolerance and resistance to white clover mosaic virus, are briefly outlined. Keywords: Lolium perenne, Trifolium repens, cell culture, somaclonal variation, crown rust resistance, transformation, cloned genes, nutritional quality, proteinase inhibitors, Bt toxins, pest resistance, WCMV viral cross-protection, herbicide tolerance, Agrobacterium, Bacillus thuringenisis.

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URBAN FACADE GEOMETRY ON OUTDOOR COMFORT CONDITIONS: A REVIEW

INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY ◽

10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v4i1.7151 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

Elahe Mirabi ◽

Nasrollahi Nazanin

Keyword(s):

Thermal Comfort ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Natural Ventilation ◽

Flow Behavior ◽

Air Flow ◽

Urban Geometry ◽

Wide Range ◽

Low Energy Buildings ◽

Outdoor Comfort ◽

Solar Access

Designing urban facades is considered as a major factor influencing issues such as natural ventilation of buildings and urban areas, radiations in the urban canyon for designing low-energy buildings, cooling demand for buildings in urban area, and thermal comfort in urban streets. However, so far, most studies on urban topics have been focused on flat facades without details of urban layouts. Hence, the effect of urban facades with details such as the balcony and corbelling on thermal comfort conditions and air flow behavior are discussed in this literature review. Aim: This study was carried out to investigate the effective factors of urban facades, including the effects of building configuration, geometry and urban canyon’s orientation. Methodology and Results: According to the results, the air flow behavior is affected by a wide range of factors such as wind conditions, urban geometry and wind direction. Urban façade geometry can change outdoor air flow pattern, thermal comfort and solar access. Conclusion, significance and impact study: In particular, the geometry of the facade, such as indentation and protrusion, has a significant effect on the air flow and thermal behavior in urban facades and can enhance outdoor comfort conditions. Also, Alternation in façade geometry can affect pedestrians' comfort and buildings energy demands.

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