The Cohen diabetic rat as a model for fetal growth restriction: Vitamins C and E reduce fetal oxidative stress but do not restore normal growth

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asher Ornoy ◽  
Meytal Avgil Tsadok ◽  
Pyrhyia Yaffe ◽  
Sarah W. Zangen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Diabetic Rat

scholarly journals Effects of antenatal melatonin therapy on lung structure in growth-restricted newborn lambs

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 1195-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme R. Polglase ◽  
Jade Barbuto ◽  
Beth J. Allison ◽  
Tamara Yawno ◽  
Amy E. Sutherland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Lung Development ◽  
Fetal Lung ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Respiratory Dysfunction ◽  
Melatonin Administration ◽  
Lung Structure

Oxidative stress arising from suboptimal placental function contributes to a multitude of pathologies in infants compromised by fetal growth restriction (FGR). FGR infants are at high risk for respiratory dysfunction after birth and poor long-term lung function. Our objective was to investigate the contribution of oxidative stress to adverse lung development and the effects of melatonin administration, a powerful antioxidant, on lung structure in FGR lambs. Placental insufficiency and FGR was surgically induced in 13 fetal sheep at ∼105 days of gestation by ligation of a single umbilical artery. Maternal intravenous melatonin infusion was commenced in seven of the ewes 4 h after surgery and continued until birth. Lambs delivered normally at term and lungs were collected 24 h after birth for histological assessment of lung structure and injury and compared with appropriately grown control lambs ( n = 8). FGR fetuses were hypoxic and had lower glucose during gestation compared with controls. Melatonin administration prevented chronic hypoxia. Within the lung, FGR caused reduced secondary septal crest density and altered elastin deposition compared with controls. Melatonin administration had no effect on the changes to lung structure induced by FGR. We conclude that chronic FGR disrupts septation of the developing alveoli, which is not altered by melatonin administration. These findings suggest that oxidative stress is not the mechanism driving altered lung structure in FGR neonates. Melatonin administration did not prevent disrupted airway development but also had no apparent adverse effects on fetal lung development. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Fetal growth restriction (FGR) results in poor respiratory outcomes, which may be caused by oxidation in utero. We investigated the contribution of oxidative stress to adverse lung development and the effects of melatonin administration, a powerful antioxidant, on lung structure in FGR lambs. FGR disrupted septation of the developing alveoli, which is not altered by melatonin administration. Oxidative stress may not be the mechanism driving altered lung structure in FGR neonates.

scholarly journals Management of Fetal Growth Arrest in One of Dichorionic Twins: Three Cases and a Literature Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoji Kaku ◽  
Fuminori Kimura ◽  
Takashi Murakami
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Growth Arrest ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome

Progressive fetal growth restriction (FGR) is often an indication for delivery. In dichorionic diamniotic (DD) twin pregnancy with growth restriction only affecting one fetus (selective fetal growth restriction: sFGR), the normal twin is also delivered prematurely. There is still not enough evidence about the optimal timing of delivery for DD twins with sFGR in relation to discordance and gestational age. We report three sets of DD twins with sFGR (almost complete growth arrest affecting one fetus for ≥2 weeks) before 30 weeks of gestation. The interval from growth arrest to delivery was 21–24 days and the discordance was 33.7–49.8%. A large-scale study showed no difference of overall mortality or the long-term outcome between immediate and delayed delivery for FGR, while many studies have identified a risk of developmental delay following delivery of the normal growth fetus before 32 weeks. Therefore, delivery of DD twins with sFGR should be delayed if the condition of the sFGR fetus permits in order to increase the gestational age of the normal growth fetus.

scholarly journals Effect of Endogenic and Exogenic Oxidative Stress Triggers on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Preeclampsia, Fetal Growth Restriction, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preterm Birth

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 10122
Author(s):  
Eun Hui Joo ◽  
Young Ran Kim ◽  
Nari Kim ◽  
Jae Eun Jung ◽  
Seon Ha Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and tissues and the ability of a biological system to detoxify them. During a normal pregnancy, oxidative stress increases the normal systemic inflammatory response and is usually well-controlled by the balanced body mechanism of the detoxification of anti-oxidative products. However, pregnancy is also a condition in which this adaptation and balance can be easily disrupted. Excessive ROS is detrimental and associated with many pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia (PE), fetal growth restriction (FGR), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and preterm birth (PTB), by damaging placentation. The placenta is a tissue rich in mitochondria that produces the majority of ROS, so it is important to maintain normal placental function and properly develop its vascular network to ensure a safe and healthy pregnancy. Antioxidants may ameliorate these diseases, and related research is progressing. This review aimed to determine the association between oxidative stress and adverse pregnancy outcomes, especially PE, FGR, GDM, and PTB, and explore how to overcome this oxidative stress in these unfavorable conditions.

scholarly journals The role of melatonin in pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Fantasia ◽  
Sofia Bussolaro ◽  
Tamara Stampalija ◽  
Daniel Rolnik
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Melatonin Receptors ◽  
Qualitative Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Melatonin Administration

Background: Pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency are characterised by increased oxidative stress. It has been suggested that melatonin has antioxidant properties and contributes to the maintenance of placental homeostasis. Objective: To systematically review the available literature about melatonin in pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency, specifically preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction, exploring three different aspects: 1) maternal melatonin levels; 2) expression and activity of melatonin placental receptors; 3) effects of maternal melatonin administration. Search strategy: PubMed (Medline) and Scopus were searched until December 2020. Selection criteria: Published literature in English language describing the role of melatonin in pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency, with a specific focus on preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Data collection and analysis: Identified studies were screened and assessed independently by two authors. Data were extracted and compiled in a qualitative evidence synthesis. Main results: Pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency show a significant reduction in maternal systemic serum melatonin levels and a significant reduction in the expression of placental melatonin receptors. Melatonin administration in pregnancy seems safe and may reduce oxidative stress. Conclusion: The circadian pattern of melatonin secretion seems to be altered in pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency. This is reflected by lower production of melatonin, with consequent lower systemic and placental concentrations, and lower expression of melatonin receptors, thus reducing the local release of the indole and its autocrine function. Funding: None Keywords: Melatonin, Preeclampsia, Fetal growth restriction, Placental insufficiency, Review.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress in the fetus of preeclamptic women with fetal growth restriction

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
Kazushi Watanabe ◽  
Ai Iwasaki ◽  
Toshitaka Mori ◽  
Chiharu Kimura ◽  
Hiroshi Matsushita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction

The expression profile of placental microRNAs as regulators of oxidative stress in fetal growth restriction

2019 ◽  
Vol 1_2019 ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gusar V.A. Gusar ◽  
Timofeeva A.V. Timofeeva ◽  
Kan N.E. Kan ◽  
Chagovets V.V. Chagovets ◽  
Ganichkina M.B. Ganichkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction

scholarly journals The Role of NFκB in Healthy and Preeclamptic Placenta: Trophoblasts in the Spotlight

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke Armistead ◽  
Leena Kadam ◽  
Sascha Drewlo ◽  
Hamid-Reza Kohan-Ghadr
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Protein Family ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Critical Organ ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The NFκB protein family regulates numerous pathways within the cell—including inflammation, hypoxia, angiogenesis and oxidative stress—all of which are implicated in placental development. The placenta is a critical organ that develops during pregnancy that primarily functions to supply and transport the nutrients required for fetal growth and development. Abnormal placental development can be observed in numerous disorders during pregnancy, including fetal growth restriction, miscarriage, and preeclampsia (PE). NFκB is highly expressed in the placentas of women with PE, however its contributions to the syndrome are not fully understood. In this review we discuss the molecular actions and related pathways of NFκB in the placenta and highlight areas of research that need attention

Divergent regulation of decidual oxidative stress response in preeclampsia with and without fetal growth restriction

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. S21
Author(s):  
S.B. Mundal ◽  
G.B. Silva ◽  
L.M. Gierman ◽  
J.J. Rakner ◽  
P. Basnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Oxidative Stress Response ◽  
Growth Restriction

scholarly journals Idiopathic Fetal Growth Restriction: Repercussion of Modulation in Oxidative Stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Nilesh Chandra ◽  
Mohit Mehndiratta ◽  
B. D. Banerjee ◽  
K. Guleria ◽  
A. K. Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction

scholarly journals DAAM2 is elevated in the circulation and placenta in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction and is regulated by hypoxia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha de Alwis ◽  
Sally Beard ◽  
Natalie K. Binder ◽  
Natasha Pritchard ◽  
Tu’uhevaha J. Kaitu’u-Lino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

AbstractPreviously, we identified increased maternal circulating DAAM2 mRNA in pregnancies complicated by preterm fetal growth restriction (FGR). Here, we assessed whether circulating DAAM2 mRNA could detect FGR, and whether the DAAM2 gene, known to play roles in the Wnt signalling pathway is expressed in human placenta and associated with dysfunction and FGR. We performed linear regression analysis to calculate area under the ROC curve (AUC) for DAAM2 mRNA expression in the maternal circulation of pregnancies complicated by preterm FGR. DAAM2 mRNA expression was assessed across gestation by qPCR. DAAM2 protein and mRNA expression was assessed in preterm FGR placenta using western blot and qPCR. DAAM2 expression was assessed in term cytotrophoblasts and placental explant tissue cultured under hypoxic and normoxic conditions by qPCR. Small interfering RNAs were used to silence DAAM2 in term primary cytotrophoblasts. Expression of growth, apoptosis and oxidative stress genes were assessed by qPCR. Circulating DAAM2 mRNA was elevated in pregnancies complicated by preterm FGR [p < 0.0001, AUC = 0.83 (0.78–0.89)]. Placental DAAM2 mRNA was detectable across gestation, with highest expression at term. DAAM2 protein was increased in preterm FGR placentas but demonstrated no change in mRNA expression. DAAM2 mRNA expression was increased in cytotrophoblasts and placental explants under hypoxia. Silencing DAAM2 under hypoxia decreased expression of pro-survival gene, BCL2 and oxidative stress marker, NOX4, whilst increasing expression of antioxidant enzyme, HMOX-1. The increased DAAM2 associated with FGR and hypoxia implicates a potential role in placental dysfunction. Decreasing DAAM2 may have cytoprotective effects, but further research is required to elucidate its role in healthy and dysfunctional placentas.

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