Ultrastructural abnormalities in pollen and anther wall development may lead to low pollen viability in jasmine (Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton, Oleaceae)

Development of the anther wall and its structure at maturity in wild tomatoes (Solanum sect. Lycopersicon) are described, and the features are discussed in relation to anther dehiscence and the buzz-pollination mechanism. The anther wall formation follows two different patterns in the same microsporangia and a high number of cells divisions may occur. The number of layers formed varies across the ventral, dorsal and lateral surfaces of each theca. Large epidermal cells develop, lining the stomium, and they could possibly be involved in stomium opening. Cells with thickenings are formed in the apical fifth of the anther, where the tissues seem to degenerate after the stomium opening, forming a wider aperture through which the pollen can be shed. The multilayered dorsal wall remains swollen and could act as an attractant to pollinators and as mechanical support. The apparently disordered anther wall development sets up different structures across and along the anther, which can be interpreted as histological adaptations to the buzz-pollination mechanism.

Download Full-text

Anther and pollen development in some species of Poaceae (Poales)

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842010005000005 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 351-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

AT. Nakamura ◽

HM. Longhi-Wagner ◽

VL. Scatena

Keyword(s):

Pollen Development ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

The Other ◽

Anther Wall ◽

Exine Ornamentation ◽

Anther Wall Development

Anther and pollen development were studied in Olyra humilis Nees, Sucrea monophylla Soderstr, (Bambusoideae), Axonopus aureus P. Beauv., Paspalum polyphyllum Nees ex Trin. (Panicoideae), Eragrostis solida Nees, and Chloris elata Desv. (Chloridoideae). The objective of this study was to characterise, embryologically, these species of subfamilies which are considered basal, intermediate and derivate, respectively. The species are similar to each other and to other Poaceae. They present the following characters: tetrasporangiate anthers; monocotyledonous-type anther wall development, endothecium showing annular thickenings, secretory tapetum; successive microsporogenesis; isobilateral tetrads; spheroidal, tricellular, monoporate pollen grains with annulus and operculum. Nevertheless, the exine patterns of the species studied are distinct. Olyra humilis and Sucrea monophylla (Bambusoideae) show a granulose pattern, whereas in the other species, it is insular. In addition, Axonopus aureus and Paspalum polyphyllum (Panicoideae) have a compactly insular spinule pattern, while Chloris elata and Eragrostis solida (Chloridoideae) show a sparsely insular spinule pattern. The exine ornamentation may be considered an important feature at the infrafamiliar level.

Download Full-text

Abnormal Anther Development Leads to Lower Spikelet Fertility in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Under High Temperature During the Panicle Initiation Stage

10.21203/rs.3.rs-104822/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Qiuqian Hu ◽

Kehui Cui ◽

Wencheng Wang ◽

Qifan Lu ◽

Jianliang Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

High Temperature ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Heat Tolerance ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Anther Development ◽

Spikelet Fertility ◽

Anther Wall ◽

Anther Dehiscence ◽

Initiation Stage

Abstract Background: Decreased spikelet fertility is often responsible for reduction in grain yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this study, two varieties with different levels of heat tolerance, Liangyoupeijiu (LYPJ, heat susceptible) and Shanyou63 (SY63, heat tolerant) were subjected to two temperature treatments for 28 days during the panicle initiation stage in temperature/relative humidity-controlled greenhouses: high temperature (HT; 37/27℃; day/night) and control temperature (CK; 31/27℃; day/night) to investigate changes in anther development under HT during panicle initiation and their relationship with spikelet fertility.Results: HT significantly decreased the grain yield of LYPJ by decreasing the number of spikelets per panicle and seed setting percentage. In addition, HT produced minor adverse effects in SY63. The decreased spikelet fertility was primarily attributed to decreased pollen viability and anther dehiscence, as well as poor pollen shedding of the anthers of LYPJ under HT. HT resulted in abnormal anther development (fewer vacuolated microspores, un-degraded tapetum, unevenly distributed Ubisch bodies) and malformation of pollen (obscure outline of the pollen exine with a collapsed bacula, disordered tectum, and no nexine of the pollen walls, uneven sporopollenin deposition on the surface of pollen grains) in LYPJ, which may have lowered pollen viability. Additionally, HT produced a compact knitted anther cuticle structure of the epidermis, an un-degraded septum, a thickened anther wall, unevenly distributed Ubisch bodies, and inhibition of the confluent locule, and these malformed structures may be partially responsible for the decreased anther dehiscence rate and reduced pollen shedding of the anthers in LYPJ. In contrast, the anther wall and pollen development of SY63 were not substantially changed under HT. Conclusions: Our results suggest that disturbed anther walls and pollen development are responsible for the reduced spikelet fertility and grain yield of the tested heat susceptible variety, and noninvasive anthers and pollen formation in response to HT were associated with improved heat tolerance.

Download Full-text

miR2118-dependent U-rich phasiRNA production in rice anther wall development

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-020-16637-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Saori Araki ◽

Ngoc Tu Le ◽

Koji Koizumi ◽

Alejandro Villar-Briones ◽

Ken-Ichi Nonomura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anther Wall ◽

Anther Wall Development

Download Full-text

Abnormal anther development leads to lower spikelet fertility in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under high temperature during the panicle initiation stage

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-021-03209-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Qiuqian Hu ◽

Wencheng Wang ◽

Qifan Lu ◽

Jianliang Huang ◽

Shaobing Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

High Temperature ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Heat Tolerance ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Anther Development ◽

Spikelet Fertility ◽

Anther Wall ◽

Anther Dehiscence ◽

Initiation Stage

Abstract Background Decreased spikelet fertility is often responsible for reduction in grain yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this study, two varieties with different levels of heat tolerance, Liangyoupeijiu (LYPJ, heat susceptible) and Shanyou63 (SY63, heat tolerant) were subjected to two temperature treatments for 28 days during the panicle initiation stage in temperature/relative humidity-controlled greenhouses: high temperature (HT; 37/27 °C; day/night) and control temperature (CK; 31/27 °C; day/night) to investigate changes in anther development under HT during panicle initiation and their relationship with spikelet fertility. Results HT significantly decreased the grain yield of LYPJ by decreasing the number of spikelets per panicle and seed setting percentage. In addition, HT produced minor adverse effects in SY63. The decreased spikelet fertility was primarily attributed to decreased pollen viability and anther dehiscence, as well as poor pollen shedding of the anthers of LYPJ under HT. HT resulted in abnormal anther development (fewer vacuolated microspores, un-degraded tapetum, unevenly distributed Ubisch bodies) and malformation of pollen (obscure outline of the pollen exine with a collapsed bacula, disordered tectum, and no nexine of the pollen walls, uneven sporopollenin deposition on the surface of pollen grains) in LYPJ, which may have lowered pollen viability. Additionally, HT produced a compact knitted anther cuticle structure of the epidermis, an un-degraded septum, a thickened anther wall, unevenly distributed Ubisch bodies, and inhibition of the confluent locule, and these malformed structures may be partially responsible for the decreased anther dehiscence rate and reduced pollen shedding of the anthers in LYPJ. In contrast, the anther wall and pollen development of SY63 were not substantially changed under HT. Conclusions Our results suggest that disturbed anther walls and pollen development are responsible for the reduced spikelet fertility and grain yield of the tested heat susceptible variety, and noninvasive anthers and pollen formation in response to HT were associated with improved heat tolerance.

Download Full-text

Transcriptome Analysis of Anther Wall Reveals Novel Insights Into the Regulatory Mechanisms Underlying Anther Wall Development in Rice

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1154274/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Woo-Jong Hong ◽

Su Kyoung Lee ◽

Seok-Hui Kim ◽

Yu-Jin Kim ◽

Sunok Moon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcriptome Analysis ◽

Male Fertility ◽

Regulatory Mechanism ◽

Future Research ◽

Anther Wall ◽

Regulatory Sequences ◽

Hybrid Seed Production ◽

Anther Dehiscence ◽

Splicing Variants ◽

Anther Wall Development

Abstract Rice is an important food staple that is consumed by half of the human population. Therefore, understanding the regulatory mechanism of male fertility in rice can improve production by enhancing the efficiency of hybrid seed production. However, information on the control mechanism of male fertility by anther dehiscence or wall development in rice is very limited. To further understand the regulatory mechanism for anther dehiscence in rice, we carried out transcriptome analysis for two tissues: the anther wall and pollen at the anthesis stage. With the anatomical meta-expression data, in addition to these tissues, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two tissues were further refined to identify 1,717 pollen-preferred genes and 534 anther wall-preferred genes. A GUS transgenic line and RT-qPCR analysis for anther wall-preferred genes supported the fidelity of our gene candidates for further analysis. The refined DEGs were functionally classified through Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and MapMan analyses. Through the analysis of cis-acting elements and alternative splicing variants, we also suggest the feature of regulatory sequences in promoter regions for anther wall-preferred expression and provide information of the unique splicing variants in anther walls. Subsequently, it was found that hormone signaling and the resulting transcriptional regulation pathways may play an important role in anther dehiscence and anther wall development. Our result could provide useful insight for future research to broaden the molecular mechanism of anther dehiscence or anther wall development in rice.

Download Full-text