IDENTIFICATION OF PLANT UTILIZATION IN THE LIFE CYCLE CEREMONY OF THE KAILI DA'A TRIBE IN UWEMANJE VILLAGE, KINOVARO DISTRICT, SIGI REGENCY

The purpose of this study was to obtain information about the types of plants used by the Kaili Da’a tribe in life cycle ceremonies that are still preserved for generations in Uwemanje village, Kinovaro district, Sigi district. The research population is all people who live in Uwemanje Village, Kinivaro District, which are spread over 4 hamlets. The research method uses survey research with the help of interview questionnaires. Interviews were conducted on key respondents and general respondents. Key respondents were selected by purposive sampling as much as 10% of the population, namely the people who were considered to be the most knowledgeable about the ins and outs of this ceremony, such as Sando, traditional leaders, village heads and village priests. Meanwhile, general respondents are people who are recommended by key respondents with a record that they are at least 30 years old and are married or have a family. The data and information in this study were processed descriptively. Types of plants/plants used in life cycle ceremonies consist of 21 species, namely: rice (Oryza sativa L.), coconut (Cocos nucifera L.), banana (Musa paradisiaca L.), cocor duck (Kalanchoe pinata L.), areca nut (Areca catechu L.), turmeric (Curcuma domestica L.), nail paci (Lawsonia enermis L.), bogenvil (Boganvillea glabra L.), pandanus (Pandanus amarylifolius L.), jatropha (Jatropha curcas), forest basil ( Ocimum sanctum L.), moringa (Moringa oleifera L.), shallot (Allium cepa L.), Bengal grass (Eleusine indica L.), hibiscus (Hibiscus tiliaceus L.), peacock flower (Caesalpinia pulcherima L.), betel (Piper betle L.), keluwih (Artocarpus camansi L.), jasmine (Jasminum sambac L.), palm sugar (Arenga pinnata), and red sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.). The percentage of utilization of plant parts that are most directly utilized is the leaves which amount to 14 with a percentage of 65.66%, flowers amount to 4 to 16.67%, fruit to reach 3 to 12.5%. The least used parts are rhizomes, seeds, tubers, roots and stems with a percentage of 5.17%.

Characterization of Two BAHD Acetyltransferases Highly Expressed in the Flowers of Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton

Volatile benzenoid compounds are found in diverse aromatic bouquets emitted by most moth-pollinated flowers. The night-blooming Jasminum sambac is widely cultivated worldwide in the tropics and subtropics for ornamental and industrial purposes owing to its fragrant flowers. Benzylacetate is a characteristic constituent in jasmine scent which makes up to approximately 20–30% of the total emission in the headspace or extract, but the biosynthesis enzymes and the encoding genes have not yet been described. Here, we identify two cytosolic BAHD acyltransferases specifically expressed in the petals with a positive correlation closely to the emission pattern of the volatile benzenoids. Both JsBEAT1 and JsBEAT2 could use benzylalcohol and acetate-CoA as substrates to make benzylacetate in vitro. The recombinant GST-JsBEAT1 has an estimated apparent Km of 447.3 μM for benzylalcohol and 546.0 μM for acetate-CoA, whereas in the instance of the His-JsBEAT2, the Km values are marginally lower, being 278.7 and 317.3 μM, respectively. However, the catalytic reactions by the GST-JsBEAT1 are more efficient than that by the His-JsBEAT2, based on the steady-state kcat parameters. Furthermore, ectopic expression of JsBEAT1 and JsBEAT2 in the transgenic P. hybrida plants, driven by a flower-specific promotor, significantly enhances the biosynthesis of benzylbenzoate and benzylacetate, as well as the total VOCs.

Studies on insect diversity in jasmine (Jasminum sambac L.) ecosystem

Aim: Study was carried out to record the abundance and diversity of insects in jasmine (Jasminum sambac L.) ecosystem. Methodology: To determine insect pests, natural enemies and non-insect diversity, fortnight observations were taken from second fortnight of September'19 to March'20 on insect population at three adjacent locations. Abundance and diversity indices were computed using mean data. The management practices, presence of weeds and adjacent cropping systems were also recorded at three locations to determine the reasons for variation in the diversity of organisms. Results: A total of 3335 individuals arthropods belonging to 55 species, which included 32 species of herbivores and 23 species of natural enemies were recorded throughout the study period. Location 3 had perennial crops in the vicinity, un-weeded ecosystem with no chemical inputs. Among various diversity indices calculated, Margalef Richness Index of herbivores was higher at location 3 (1.67) than location 1 (1.17) and 2 (0.76). Interpretation: The abundance and diversity of insects in different jasmine ecosystem depends on the chemical inputs and adjacent cropping system.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Penanaman Tanaman Melati (Jasminum Sambac) Sebagai Larvasida Alami untuk Pencegahan Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Desa Lebakjabung Kec. Jatirejo Kab. Mojokerto

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) masih merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang utama di Indonesia. DBD disebabkan oleh salah satu virus dengue berbeda dan ditularkan melalui nyamuk terutama Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus yang ditemukan pada daerah tropis dan sub tropis di antaranya kepulauan Indonesia hingga bagian utara Australia (WHO, 2009). Menurut Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia dalam sebulan pada bulan Januari-Februari 2016 ditemukan sebanyak 8.487 kasus di Indonesia dengan jumlah kematian sebanyak 108 orang. Golongan terbanyak yang mengalami DBD di Indonesia pada usia 5-14 tahun mencapai 43,44% dan usia 15-44 tahun mencapai 33,25%. Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) penyakit DBD di Indonesia tersebar pada 11 provinsi. Di Mojokerto Jawa Timur terdapat peningkatan hampir 2.5 kali lipat dibandingkan dengan periode yang sama tahun 2015. Pada tahun 2016, kasus DBD di Sidoarjo hampir mencapai 1% dari angka kasus nasional sebesar 155.927 (Kompas, 2016). Tingginya angka kasus DBD khususnya di daerah Mojokerto mengindikasikan bahwa pemberantasan DBD masih belum maksimal. Terlebih, metode yang di anggap paling efektif untuk mengendalikan nyamuk vektor demam berdarah adalah dengan cara membunuh jentik- jentiknya. Cara alternatif yang paling aman yaitu dengan cara menggunakan bahan alami yang mudah terurai di alam, termasuk melalui metode penanaman tanaman melati (jasminum sambac) sebagai larvasida alami sehingga tidak mencemari lingkungan serta relatif aman bagi manusia dan ternak peliharaan.

Results of Introduction of Jasminum sambac in Absheron

Bioecologıcal features, propagation methods root system and agrotechnics of Arabian jasmine (Jasminum sambac) which belonging to Lian group plants have been presented in the paper. The light-loving Arabian jasmine plant is grown in shaded conditions, yellowness is observed on the shoots, which leads to growth retardation have shown in results of studies. The studies were carried out in various conditions — in the shadow, on light, under the sun. In plants grown in the shade in the summer (July-August), the growth of the main shoot was not observed, compared with plants grown in direct rays in January-February, which, had growth in contrast to them, Highest results were obtained in August using green cuttings under studying of the reproduction of Jasminum sambac. No diseases have been observed in these plants, but they were susceptible to pests such as Aphidoidea, Diaspididae and Aleyrodidae during the research. Bioecological features of species, easily propagation by vegetative way, decorative appearance throughout the year allow us to use them design of interiors with plants has revealed.

PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF FIVE DIFFERENT SPECIES OF JASMINUM

The Genus Jasminum belongs to the family Oleaceae, is widely distributed medicinal plant and has been used since ancient times. The Jasminum species (Jasminum grandiflorum, Jasminum sambac, Jasminum flexile, Jasminum pubescens and Jasminum angustifolium) have been used traditionally as antimicrobial, antiulcerative, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, anticancerous, flavoring and fragrance agent and for the treatment of breast cancer, diarrhoea, fever, dermatitis, conjunctivitis, abdominal pain, asthma, abscess, uterine bleeding, toothache, headache, insomnia, dysentery and bellyache, diarrhoea and metrorrhagia. The jasmine oil is widely used in aromatherapy. The medicinal properties of Jasminum plants may be due to the presence of a broad spectrum of bioactive compounds such as Phenolics, terpenoids, coumarins, glycosides, steols, esters and fatty acids. The antimicrobial, anti-acne, spasmolytic activity and aromatherapy which is due to the combined effect of essential oils. The phytochemical investigations revealed that phenolic compounds are highly bioactive compared to the majority of terpenoids and other compounds. There are many reports which mentioned the therapeutic potentials of phenolic constituents such as the antioxidant &anti-aging, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, lipid peroxidation, ACE inhibitor activity, vasodilation effect, wound healing, and protective activity. The present paper reviews the therapeutic potentials of phenolic compounds alongside with the phytoscreening and ethnobotanical aspects of Jasminum.