Impaired multisensory processing in schizophrenia: Deficits in the visual enhancement of speech comprehension under noisy environmental conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 173-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars A. Ross ◽  
Dave Saint-Amour ◽  
Victoria M. Leavitt ◽  
Sophie Molholm ◽  
Daniel C. Javitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Multisensory Processing ◽  
Speech Comprehension ◽  
Visual Enhancement

scholarly journals Visual Enhancement of Relevant Speech in a ‘Cocktail Party’

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niti Jaha ◽  
Stanley Shen ◽  
Jess R. Kerlin ◽  
Antoine J. Shahin
Keyword(s):  
White Noise ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potential ◽  
Speech Comprehension ◽  
Cocktail Party ◽  
Degraded Speech ◽  
Neural Representations ◽  
Visual Enhancement ◽  
Lip Reading ◽  
Auditory Scene ◽  
The Voice

Abstract Lip-reading improves intelligibility in noisy acoustical environments. We hypothesized that watching mouth movements benefits speech comprehension in a ‘cocktail party’ by strengthening the encoding of the neural representations of the visually paired speech stream. In an audiovisual (AV) task, EEG was recorded as participants watched and listened to videos of a speaker uttering a sentence while also hearing a concurrent sentence by a speaker of the opposite gender. A key manipulation was that each audio sentence had a 200-ms segment replaced by white noise. To assess comprehension, subjects were tasked with transcribing the AV-attended sentence on randomly selected trials. In the auditory-only trials, subjects listened to the same sentences and completed the same task while watching a static picture of a speaker of either gender. Subjects directed their listening to the voice of the gender of the speaker in the video. We found that the N1 auditory-evoked potential (AEP) time-locked to white noise onsets was significantly more inhibited for the AV-attended sentences than for those of the auditorily-attended (A-attended) and AV-unattended sentences. N1 inhibition to noise onsets has been shown to index restoration of phonemic representations of degraded speech. These results underscore that attention and congruency in the AV setting help streamline the complex auditory scene, partly by reinforcing the neural representations of the visually attended stream, heightening the perception of continuity and comprehension.

scholarly journals Do You See What I Am Saying? Exploring Visual Enhancement of Speech Comprehension in Noisy Environments

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1147-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Ross ◽  
D. Saint-Amour ◽  
V. M. Leavitt ◽  
D. C. Javitt ◽  
J. J. Foxe
Keyword(s):  
Speech Comprehension ◽  
Noisy Environments ◽  
Visual Enhancement

scholarly journals Poorer auditory sensitivity is related to stronger visual enhancement of the human auditory mismatch negativity (MMNm)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilie Møller ◽  
Andreas Højlund ◽  
Klaus B. Bærentsen ◽  
Niels Chr. Hansen ◽  
Joshua C. Skewes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Multisensory Processing ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Pitch Discrimination ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Visual Enhancement ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
Multisensory Information

AbstractMultisensory processing facilitates perception of our everyday environment and becomes particularly important when sensory information is degraded or close to the discrimination threshold. Here, we used magnetoencephalography and an audiovisual oddball paradigm to assess the complementary role of visual information in subtle pitch discrimination at the neural level of participants with varying levels of pitch discrimination abilities, i.e., musicians and nonmusicians. The amplitude of the auditory mismatch negativity (MMNm) served as an index of sensitivity. The gain in amplitude resulting from compatible audiovisual information was larger in participants whose MMNm amplitude was smaller in the condition deviating only in the auditory dimension, in accordance with the multisensory principle of inverse effectiveness. These findings show that discrimination of even a sensory-specific feature as pitch is facilitated by multisensory information at a pre-attentive level, and they highlight the importance of considering inter-individual differences in uni-sensory abilities when assessing multisensory processing.

Vibration Isolator System for Electron Microscope

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-183
Author(s):  
K. Ohi ◽  
M. Mizuno ◽  
T. Kasai ◽  
Y. Ohkura ◽  
K. Mizuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vibration Isolator ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Vibration Isolators ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Electron Microscopes

In recent years, with electron microscopes coming into wider use, their installation environments do not necessarily give their performance full play. Their environmental conditions include air-conditioners, magnetic fields, and vibrations. We report a jointly developed entirely new vibration isolator which is effective against the vibrations transmitted from the floor.Conventionally, large-sized vibration isolators which need the digging of a pit have been used. These vibration isolators, however, are large present problems of installation and maintenance because of their large-size.Thus, we intended to make a vibration isolator which1) eliminates the need for changing the installation room2) eliminates the need of maintenance and3) are compact in size and easily installable.

Multisensory processing during spatial navigation

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Van Der Ham ◽  
M. Van Der Kuil ◽  
F. Delogu
Keyword(s):  
Multisensory Processing ◽  
Spatial Navigation

The influence of external conditions on sound pressure in the pistonphone at the infrasound frequency range

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
A. V. Konkov ◽  
D. V. Golovin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Numerical Estimations

The influence of environmental conditions on a sound pressure reproduced by the primary method in the measuring chambers of the Pistonphone in the frequency range from 1 mHz to 250 Hz is estimated. Numerical estimations of influence of environmental conditions on sound pressure in pistonphone measuring chambers are given and special requirements to system of maintenance of required external conditions are specified.

Disentangling the role of shared ancestry and the environment on leaf stable isotopes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko J. Spasojevic ◽  
Sören Weber1
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Shared Ancestry

Stable carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotopes in plants are important indicators of plant water use efficiency and N acquisition strategies. While often regarded as being under environmental control, there is growing evidence that evolutionary history may also shape variation in stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) among plant species. Here we examined patterns of foliar δ13C and δ15N in alpine tundra for 59 species in 20 plant families. To assess the importance of environmental controls and evolutionary history, we examined if average δ13C and δ15N predictably differed among habitat types, if individual species exhibited intraspecific trait variation (ITV) in δ13C and δ15N, and if there were a significant phylogenetic signal in δ13C and δ15N. We found that variation among habitat types in both δ13C and δ15N mirrored well-known patterns of water and nitrogen limitation. Conversely, we also found that 40% of species exhibited no ITV in δ13C and 35% of species exhibited no ITV in δ15N, suggesting that some species are under stronger evolutionary control. However, we only found a modest signal of phylogenetic conservatism in δ13C and no phylogenetic signal in δ15N suggesting that shared ancestry is a weaker driver of tundra wide variation in stable isotopes. Together, our results suggest that both evolutionary history and local environmental conditions play a role in determining variation in δ13C and δ15N and that considering both factors can help with interpreting isotope patterns in nature and with predicting which species may be able to respond to rapidly changing environmental conditions.

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