A comparison of psychosis-like symptoms following self-reported and agency-notified child abuse in a population-based birth cohort at 30-year-follow-up

Abstract Introduction Retrospective studies show a strong association between self-reported child abuse and subsequent tobacco use. Prospective studies using reports to statutory agencies are less common with limited information on people in their 30s. In addition, there have been no comparisons of the effect of self- and agency-reported abuse on smoking. We therefore assessed the effect on the prevalence and persistence of smoking at the 30-year-old follow-up of prospective agency notifications of child abuse compared to retrospective self-reports of maltreatment in the same birth cohort. Methods There were 2443 young adults with data on smoking and child abuse at 30-year-old follow-up. Information on self-reported abuse was collected using the Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and linked to notifications of child maltreatment to statutory agencies. Results The prevalence of self- and agency-reported maltreatment was 600 (24.7%) and 142 (5.8%) respectively. At follow-up, 565 participants smoked (23.1 %) but only 91 (3.8%) smoked 20 or more cigarettes a day. Of the 206 participants who smoked at 14 years, 101 were still smoking at follow-up. On adjusted analyses, both self- and agency-reported maltreatment showed a significant association with the prevalence and persistence of smoking from 14 years old. However, associations were weaker for some of the agency-notified child maltreatment subtypes possibly because of lower numbers. Conclusions Child maltreatment is associated with both an increased prevalence and persistence of smoking at 30-year-old follow-up irrespective of reporting source. This is despite self- and agency-reported maltreatment possibly representing different populations. Smoking cessation programmes should therefore target both groups. Implications Retrospective studies show an association between self-reported child abuse and subsequent tobacco use. Prospective studies of reports to statutory agencies are less common with limited information on people in their 30s. In addition, there have been no comparisons of self- and agency-reported abuse on smoking outcomes even though they may represent different populations. We therefore compared the effect of both on smoking outcomes at 30-year-old follow-up of 2443 adults from the same birth cohort. On adjusted analyses, both self- and agency-reported maltreatment showed significant associations with the prevalence and persistence of smoking. Smoking prevention and cessation programmes should therefore target both groups.

Download Full-text

Long-term antipsychotic use and its association with outcomes in schizophrenia – the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.03.002 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 7-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

J.M. Moilanen ◽

M. Haapea ◽

E. Jääskeläinen ◽

J.M. Veijola ◽

M.K. Isohanni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Cohort ◽

Population Sample ◽

Population Based ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Illness Onset ◽

Mean Lifetime ◽

Poor Outcomes ◽

Drug Free

AbstractBackgroundDue to the paucity of previous studies, we wanted to elucidate the pharmacoepidemiology of antipsychotics in schizophrenia in a general population sample, and the association between long-term antipsychotic use and outcomes.MethodsThe sample included 53 schizophrenia subjects from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 with at least ten years of follow-up (mean 18.6 years since illness onset). Data on lifetime medication and outcomes (remission, Clinical Global Impression [CGI], Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale [SOFAS]) were collected from medical records, interviews, and national registers.ResultsDuring the first two years 22 (42%), between two to five years 17 (32%), and between five to ten years 14 (26%) subjects had used antipsychotics less than half of the time. Drug-free periods became rarer during the follow-up. The mean lifetime daily dose of antipsychotics was 319 mg in chlorpromazine equivalents. A high lifetime average and cumulative dose and antipsychotic polypharmacy were associated with a poorer outcome in all measures, whereas having no drug-free periods was associated with a better SOFAS score and a low proportion of time on antipsychotics with a better CGI score.ConclusionsIn our population-based sample, the use of antipsychotics increased during the first five years of illness and was relatively stable after that. Our results suggest that both low dose and proportion of use, and having no drug-free periods, are associated with better outcomes, which concords with current treatment recommendations and algorithms. High long-term doses and polypharmacy may relate to poor outcomes.

Download Full-text

The Wuhan Twin Birth Cohort (WTBC)

Twin Research and Human Genetics ◽

10.1017/thg.2017.24 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 355-362

Author(s):

Jinzhu Zhao ◽

Shaoping Yang ◽

Anna Peng ◽

Zhengmin Qian ◽

Hong Xian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Medical Information ◽

First Trimester ◽

Population Based ◽

Health Examination ◽

Birth Registry ◽

Twin Birth ◽

First Trimester Of Pregnancy

The Wuhan Pre/Post-Natal Twin Birth Registry (WPTBR) is one of the largest twin birth registries with comprehensive medical information in China. It recruits women from the first trimester of pregnancy and their twins from birth. From January 2006 to May 2016, the total number of twins enrolled in WPTBR is 13,869 twin pairs (27,553 individuals). The WPTBR initiated the Wuhan Twin Birth Cohort (WTBC). The WTBC is a prospective cohort study carried out through incorporation of three samples. The first one comprises 6,920 twin pairs, and the second one, 6,949 twin pairs. Both are population-based samples linked to the WPTBR and include pre- and post-natal information from WPTBR. The second sample includes neonatal blood spots as well. Using a hospital-based approach, we recently developed a third sample with a target enrolment of 1,000 twin pairs and their mothers. These twins are invited, via their parents, to participate in a periodic health examination from the first trimester of pregnancy to 18 years. Biological samples are collected initially from the mother, including blood, urine, cord blood, cord, amniotic fluid, placenta, breast milk and meconium, and vaginal secretions, and later from the twins, including meconium, stool, urine, and blood. This article describes the design, recruitment, follow-up, data collection, and measures, as well as ongoing and planned analyses at the WTBC. The WTBC offers a unique opportunity to follow women from prenatal to postnatal, as well as follow-up of their twins. This cohort study will expand the understanding of genetic and environmental influences on pregnancy and twins’ development in China.

Download Full-text

Greenness and Incident Childhood Asthma: A 10-Year Follow-up in a Population-based Birth Cohort

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine ◽

10.1164/rccm.201504-0707le ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 192 (9) ◽

pp. 1131-1133 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Hind Sbihi ◽

Lillian Tamburic ◽

Mieke Koehoorn ◽

Michael Brauer

Keyword(s):

Birth Cohort ◽

Childhood Asthma ◽

Population Based

Download Full-text

Cognitive development of a population-based birth cohort within 12 years of follow-up – Results from the ILSE-study

Klinische Neurophysiologie ◽

10.1055/s-0030-1250954 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 41 (01) ◽

Author(s):

C Sattler ◽

H Lamparter ◽

P Toro ◽

P Schönknecht ◽

J Schröder

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Development ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Population Based

Download Full-text

190. Parental Musculoskeletal Disorders Associate With Children’s Prodromal Symptoms of Psychosis: A Population-Based Birth Cohort Study With 8-Year Follow-Up

Schizophrenia Bulletin ◽

10.1093/schbul/sbx021.268 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. S100-S100

Author(s):

Lotta Kinnunen ◽

Tanja Nordström ◽

Mika Niemelä ◽

Sami Räsänen ◽

Michael Sawyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

Population Based ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Prodromal Symptoms

Download Full-text

Population-Based Birth Cohort Studies in Epidemiology

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17155276 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (15) ◽

pp. 5276

Author(s):

Cristina Canova ◽

Anna Cantarutti

Keyword(s):

Cohort Studies ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Population Based ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Real Word ◽

Special Issue ◽

Birth Cohorts ◽

Medical Birth Register ◽

Cohort Study Design

Birth cohort studies are the most appropriate type of design to determine the causal relationship between potential risk factors during the prenatal or postnatal period and the health status of the newborn up to childhood and potentially adulthood. To date, there has been a growth in interest regarding observational population-based studies which are performed to provide answers to specific research questions for defined populations, for instance, assessing the exposure to environmental pollutants or drugs on the risk of developing a disease. Birth cohorts based on the recruitment and active follow-up of mothers and children allow the collection of biological material, and specific clinical and genetic information. However, they require a considerable amount of time and resources and, besides being usually of limited size, they are exposed to the risk of the loss of subjects to follow-up, with decreased statistical power and possible selection bias. For these reasons, linking the medical birth register with administrative health records for mothers and babies is increasingly being used in countries with a universal healthcare system, allowing researchers to identify large and unselected populations from birth, and to reconstruct relevant traits and care pathways of mothers and newborns. This Special Issue of the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health focuses on the current state of knowledge on perinatal and postnatal exposures and adverse pregnancy, maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes through population-based birth cohort studies, with a specific focus on real-word data. The 12 accepted articles covered a wide range of themes that can be addressed specifically through birth cohort study design; however, only three were based on real word data with record-linkage to health administrative databases. In particular, two papers have addressed the topic of socioeconomic status considering several indicators both at the individual and contextual level. Two papers focused on inflammatory bowel diseases, both as an outcome of perinatal and antibiotic exposure in early life and as a condition associated with asthma, among children identified in a birth cohort based on a Regional Medical Birth Register. Three articles focused on medication use during pregnancy and its impact on maternal and fetal health. The effect of exposure to prenatal environmental risk factors on perinatal and childhood outcomes has been considered in two papers. Two papers analyzed ad hoc nationwide prospective birth cohorts set in Japan and UK. Finally, we included a systematic review with meta-analysis to evaluate the relation between growth restriction at birth and congenital heart defects. We think that this Special Issue may contribute to enriching the discussion of future challenges, opportunities, strengths and limitations for all research topics that can be investigated using a population-based birth cohort study design.

Download Full-text

Oral health follow-up studies in the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study: methodology and principal results

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0102-311x2010001000016 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 26 (10) ◽

pp. 1990-1999 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Marco A. Peres ◽

Aluísio Jardim Barros ◽

Karen Glazer Peres ◽

Cora Luiza Araújo ◽

Ana M. B. Menezes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Population Based ◽

High Response Rate ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Follow Up Studies ◽

Study Methodology ◽

Number Of Individuals ◽

Carious Teeth

The aim of this study was to describe oral health follow-up studies nested in a birth cohort. A population-based birth cohort was launched in 1993 in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Two oral health follow-up studies were conducted at six (n = 359) and 12 (n = 339) years of age. A high response rate was observed at 12 years of age; 94.4% of the children examined at six years of age were restudied in 2005. The mean DMF-T index at age 12 was 1.2 (SD = 1.6) for the entire sample, ranging from 0.6 (SD = 1.1) for children that were caries-free at age six, 1.3 (SD = 1.5) for those with 1-3 carious teeth at six years, and 1.8 (SD = 1.8) for those with 4-19 carious teeth at six years (p < 0.01). The number of individuals with severe malocclusions at 12 years was proportional to the number of malocclusions at six years. Oral health problems in early adolescence were more prevalent in individuals with dental problems at six years of age.

Download Full-text

Adolescent conduct problems and premature mortality: follow-up to age 65 years in a national birth cohort

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291713001402 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 1077-1086 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

B. Maughan ◽

M. Stafford ◽

I. Shah ◽

D. Kuh

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Conduct Problems ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Antisocial Behaviour ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

Population Based ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Uk National Health Service

BackgroundSevere youth antisocial behaviour has been associated with increased risk of premature mortality in high-risk samples for many years, and some evidence now points to similar effects in representative samples. We set out to assess the prospective association between adolescent conduct problems and premature mortality in a population-based sample of men and women followed to the age of 65 years.MethodA total of 4158 members of the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development (the British 1946 birth cohort) were assessed for conduct problems at the ages of 13 and 15 years. Follow-up to the age of 65 years via the UK National Health Service Central Register provided data on date and cause of death.ResultsDimensional measures of teacher-rated adolescent conduct problems were associated with increased hazards of death from cardiovascular disease by the age of 65 years in men [hazard ratio (HR) 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.32], and of all-cause and cancer mortality by the age of 65 years in women (all-cause HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.07–1.25). Adjustment for childhood cognition and family social class did little to attenuate these risks. Adolescent conduct problems were not associated with increased risks of unnatural/substance-related deaths in men or women in this representative sample.ConclusionsWhereas previous studies of high-risk delinquent or offender samples have highlighted increased risks of unnatural and alcohol- or substance abuse-related deaths in early adulthood, we found marked differences in mortality risk from other causes emerging later in the life course among women as well as men.

Download Full-text