Triple synergistic effect of maltose, silver nitrate and activated charcoal on high embryo yield of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) anther cultures

2020 ◽  
Vol 272 ◽  
pp. 109472
Author(s):  
Gulsun Elif Vural ◽  
Esin Ari
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Embryo Yield ◽  
Anther Cultures

STUDIES ON NANOPARTICLE INDUCED NUTRIENT USE EFICIENCY OF FERTILIZER AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana P. Kale ◽  
Satyavikas N. Gawade
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Growth Attributes

A field experiment was conducted at M/s.Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilizers, Ltd., Mumbai, India, (RCF) experimental farm to evaluate the effect of ZnO Nanoparticles (ZnO NP) in combination with N: P: K (15: 15:15) complex fertilizer “Suphala” of RCF Ltd. on growth attributes of brinjal (Solanum melongena L) as well as nutrient use efficiency. The experiment was carried out in randomised block design with three replications. The first treatment (T-1), comprised of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), N: P: K (50:50:50), applied at the time of transplantation. The second treatment (T-2) was conducted with RDF in combination @ 2kg ZnSO4 (bulk)/ha. The third treatment (T-3) was added, N: P: K (12.5; 12.5; 12.5) in combination to ZnO NP @ 4500mg/ha. The forth treatment (T-C) was without any fertilizer. All treatments were given appropriate quantity of nitrogen per hectare as urea at the 30th day of transplantation. The combination N: P: K (12.5; 12.5; 12.5) and ZnO NP @ 4500mg/ha yielded 91% and 45.3% higher brinjal yield and biomass respectively than the treatment with only RDF. It was also observed that 38% and 21% higher yield and biomass respectively were recorded in the treatment where combination of RDF with ZnSO4 (bulk) over RDF was used alone. The results of field trials reveal that, there was synergistic effect of ZnO NP @ 4500mg per hectare with N: P: K complex fertilizer on growth attributes of brinjal as well as nutrient use efficiency.

The Synergistic Effect of Natural Rubber on the Crystallization of Lithium Poly(Isoprene)S (Coral Rubber)

1972 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1303-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Brock ◽  
Marjorie J. Hackathorn
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Induction Period ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Crystallization Rate ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Retarding Effect ◽  
Seeding Effect ◽  
Crystallizable Polymer

Abstract The influence of silver nitrate on the crystallization of poly(isoprene)s has been demonstrated as well as the synergistic effect of natural rubber on the crystallization of lithium catalyzed poly(isoprene). This synergism does not appear to be a “seeding” effect in the strictly definitive sense, since no seed crystals are actually added. In this case a better description of this effect might be cocrystallization where nucleation is promoted by the addition of a quantity of a highly regular similar species. Actually there is a good probability that the nucleating crystals themselves contain segments of the synthetic poly(isoprene). This conclusion is supported by the data shown in Figure 6 for a 50/50 mixture of natural rubber and a noncrystallizable Alfin polymer. The dilato meter curve for this mixture indicates that the 50 per cent non-crystallizable polymer has a slight retarding effect on the induction period for the crystallization of the natural rubber but the crystallization rate of the natural rubber in the 50/50 mixture is quite rapid up to the total volume change expected for natural rubber portion of the mixture. However, in the presence of 50 per cent of a crystallizable lithium poly(isoprene) (also shown in Figure 6), the crystallization rate of this mixture is much slower due to co crystallization. The proposed change from head-tail cis-1,4 addition to tail-head cis-4,1 addition whenever a 3,4 unit is introduced into the polymer chain seems to explain the experimental crystallinity data obtained in these studies. In addition, it raises some questions about the polymerization mechanisms involved and resulting from the orientation of a 3,4 unit being added to the growing end of a polydienyl chain.

scholarly journals Variables Affecting Shoot Growth and Plantlet Recovery in Tissue Cultures of Drug-Type Cannabis sativa L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janesse E. Holmes ◽  
Samantha Lung ◽  
Danielle Collyer ◽  
Zamir K. Punja
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Sodium Metasilicate ◽  
Nodal Explants ◽  
Meristem Culture ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Drug Type

Tissue culture approaches are widely used in crop plants for the purposes of micropropagation, regeneration of plants through organogenesis, obtaining pathogen-free plantlets from meristem culture, and developing genetically modified plants. In this research, we evaluated variables that can influence the success of shoot growth and plantlet production in tissue cultures of drug-type Cannabis sativa L. (marijuana). Various sterilization methods were tested to ensure shoot development from nodal explants by limiting the frequency of contaminating endophytes, which otherwise caused the death of explants. Seven commercially grown tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-containing cannabis genotypes (strains) showed significant differences in response to shoot growth from meristems and nodal explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing thidiazuron (1 μM) and naphthaleneacetic acid (0.5 μM) plus 1% activated charcoal. The effect of Driver and Kuniyuki Walnut (DKW) or MS basal salts in media on shoot length and leaf numbers from nodal explants was compared and showed genotype dependency with regard to the growth response. To obtain rooted plantlets, shoots from meristems and nodal explants of genotype Moby Dick were evaluated for rooting, following the addition of sodium metasilicate, silver nitrate, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), kinetin, or 2,4-D. Sodium metasilicate improved the visual appearance of the foliage and improved the rate of rooting. Silver nitrate also promoted rooting. Following acclimatization, plantlet survival in hydroponic culture, peat plugs, and rockwool substrate was 57, 76, and 83%, respectively. The development of plantlets from meristems is described for the first time in C. sativa and has potential for obtaining pathogen-free plants. The callogenesis response of leaf explants of 11 genotypes on MS medium without activated charcoal was 35% to 100%, depending on the genotype; organogenesis was not observed. The success in recovery of plantlets from meristems and nodal explants is influenced by cannabis genotype, degree of endophytic contamination of the explants, and frequency of rooting. The procedures described here have potential applications for research and commercial utility to obtain plantlets in stage 1 tissue cultures of C. sativa.

scholarly journals 251 CARBON DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT AND CARBOHYDRATES IN ANDROGENESIS OF CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 465e-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Dolcet-Sanjuan ◽  
Elisabet Claveria
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Enrichment ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Embryo Number ◽  
Anther Cultures

Anthers from more than 17000 flowers of 19 bell pepper Capsicum annuum L. hybrids (provided by `Semillas Fitó S.A.') were cultured in a double layer modified H medium (Nitsch and Nitsch, 1969) supplemented with 0.5 % activated charcoal and 0.26 % Gelrite in the solid phase. Significant differences between genotypes were observed on embryogenesis (472.3 to 9.7 embryos / 100 flowers) and number of plants rescued (4.0 to 0.3 plants / 100 flowers). Trying out maltose, malt extract, and sucrose. as carbohydrates, at 20, 40, 60 or 80 g/l, gave significantly better results for maltose (20 or 40 g/l). In addition, maintaining the anther cultures in an atmosphere enriched with 600 ppm CO2 was beneficial for embryo number, embryo development and number of rescued plants. Isocitrate dehydrogenase zymograms from leaf extracts indicate the microspore origin of the acclimated plants. Flow citometry of nuclei was used to determined an early diploidization of 70 % of the acclimated plants.

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from leaf explants and cell suspensions of Solanum melongena (eggplant)

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 656-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gleddie ◽  
W. Keller ◽  
G. Setterfield
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Embryogenic Cell ◽  
Embryo Yield

High frequencies of somatic embryogenesis evaluated on the basis of average embryo yield per explant were observed on leaf explants of Solanum melongena (L.) (eggplant) after 21 days of culture on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium. Callus proliferation and embryogenesis occurred in the presence of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), whereas only callus induction occurred in the presence of the other auxins. Maximal embryo yields were obtained at 10 mg/L NAA. Although cytokinins inhibited the NAA-induced embryogenic response, they acted synergistically to promote callus growth. The frequency of embryogenesis on leaf explants was shown to be under the control of the nitrogen content of the medium. Both NH4+ and NO3− were essential for embryogenesis and an optimal ratio of 2:1 (NO3−:NH4+) was established. The optimal sucrose concentration of the medium was 0.06 M and both elevated and reduced sucrose levels inhibited embryogenesis. Seven cultivars showed significant quantitative differences in their capacities to form embryos, although all were embryogenic. Cell suspension cultures were also embryogenic, when grown under conditions which stimulated embryogenesis in leaf explants. Somatic embryos taken from leaf callus or cell suspensions and cultured on hormone-free medium gave rise to plants which set seed when transferred to the greenhouse. Shoot organogenesis was observed on leaf explants which were cultured in the presence of either of four cytokinins. Shoots were rooted on hormone-free medium and mature plants were subsequently obtained.

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