Flower development and fruit malformation in strawberries after short-term exposure to high or low temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 ◽  
pp. 110308
Author(s):  
Meiyan Cui ◽  
Minh Duy Pham ◽  
Hyunseung Hwang ◽  
Changhoo Chun
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
High Or Low Temperature

scholarly journals Low Temperatures Induce Rough Blossom-end Scarring of Tomato Fruit during Early Flower Development

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H.M. Barten ◽  
J.W. Scott ◽  
N. Kedar ◽  
Y. Elkind
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Induction Technique ◽  
Genotype Screening ◽  
Early Flower

To identify the stage of flower development sensitive to low temperature-induced rough blossom-end scarring (RBS) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), short-term low-temperature treatments (1, 3, and 5 days continuously at 10C or 6, 9, and 12 days at 18/10C day/night) were applied to young, flowering plants and to plants at the six-leaf stage. Flowers were tagged at anthesis over 4 weeks and the growth stage of the flowers at the beginning of the treatments was determined in days relative to anthesis. The blossom-end scar index (BSI), a measure for blossom-end scar size relative to fruit size, and number of locules were recorded for mature fruits. In three experiments, 5 days at 10C or 6 days at 18/10C, applied during early flower differentiation, induced RBS in mature fruits. For each of the three cultivars tested `Horizon', Waker', and `Solar Set'), flower buds were most sensitive from 26 to 19 days before anthesis. In this experiment, RBS induction was not caused by an increase in the average number of locules per fruit. A short period of sensitivity during very early flower development explains the variation in RBS among seasons and within plants encountered in field situations. This study also presents a standard induction technique for further investigation of physiological and morphological backgrounds of the disorder and possible genotype screening.

Short-term exposure to atmospheric ammonia does not affect low-temperature hardening of winter wheat

1995 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHANNES M. A. M. CLEMENT ◽  
JAN HENK VENEMA ◽  
PHILIP R. HASSELT
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Atmospheric Ammonia ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Temperature Hardening

Low temperature behaviour of CFRP prestressed concrete beams

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 464-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Bryan ◽  
Mark F. Green
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cold Regions ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Short Term Exposure

The corrosion of steel prestressing tendons exposed to deicing salts is increasingly becoming a significant problem in Canada. New fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) materials with high strength-to-weight ratios and noncorrosive characteristics are strong alternatives to solve this problem. Carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) is one of the most promising among available FRPs. Nevertheless, for CFRP rods to gain acceptance in Canada and other cold regions, their behaviour at low temperatures must be investigated. This paper describes an investigation of the feasibility of using CFRP LEADLINE rods to prestress concrete beams. The results of an experimental program on the short-term behaviour of CFRP prestressed concrete beams at low temperature (−27 °C) are discussed. A simple analytical model is used to predict the flexural response of CFRP beams at low temperature. The experimental results agree well with the analytical predictions. The behaviour of the CFRP tendons is shown to be unaffected by short-term exposure to this low temperature. Key words: carbon fibre, fibre reinforced plastic (FRP), advanced composite materials, prestressed concrete, low temperature, cold regions.

scholarly journals Easter Lilies React Differently to Short- or Long-term Exposure of Ethylene or Methane at Different Stages of Forcing

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
Wayne Brown ◽  
Theo J. Blom ◽  
George C.L. Chu ◽  
Wei Tang Liu ◽  
Lisa Skog
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Lilium Longiflorum ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Leaf Yellowing

The sensitivity of easter lilies (Lilium longiflorum) to either ethylene or methane (products of incomplete burning in gas-fired unit heaters) was tested during rooting [3 weeks at 18 °C (65 °F)], vernalization [6 weeks at 6 °C (43 °F)] and subsequent greenhouse forcing (15 weeks at 18 °C). Starting at planting, easter lilies were exposed for one of seven consecutive 3-week periods (short-term), or for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, or 21 weeks starting at planting (long-term) to either ethylene or methane at an average concentration of 2.4 and 2.5 μL·L-1(ppm), respectively. Short- or long-term exposure to ethylene during rooting and vernalization had no effect on the number of buds, leaves, or plant height but increased the number of days to flower. Short-term exposure within 6 weeks after vernalization reduced the number of buds by 1 bud/plant compared to the control (no ethylene exposure). However, extensive bud abortion occurred when plants were exposed to ethylene during the flower development phase. Long-term exposure to ethylene from planting until after the flower initiation period resulted in only two to three buds being initiated, while continued long-term exposure until flowering caused all flower buds to abort. Short-term exposure to methane at any time had no effect on leaf yellowing, bud number, bud abortion, or height and had only a marginal effect on production time. Long-term exposure to methane from planting until the end of vernalization increased both the number of buds, leaves and height without affecting forcing time, leaf yellowing or bud abortion.

The Effect of Dimethyl Sulfoxide on In Vitro Platelet Function

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Schiffer ◽  
Caroline L. Whitaker ◽  
Morton Schmukler ◽  
Joseph Aisner ◽  
Steven L. Hilbert
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Structural Abnormalities

SummaryAlthough dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has been used extensively as a cryopreservative for platelets there are few studies dealing with the effect of DMSO on platelet function. Using techniques similar to those employed in platelet cryopreservation platelets were incubated with final concentrations of 2-10% DMSO at 25° C. After exposure to 5 and 10% DMSO platelets remained discoid and electron micrographs revealed no structural abnormalities. There was no significant change in platelet count. In terms of injury to platelet membranes, there was no increased availability of platelet factor-3 or leakage of nucleotides, 5 hydroxytryptamine (5HT) or glycosidases with final DMSO concentrations of 2.5, 5 and 10% DMSO. Thrombin stimulated nucleotide and 5HT release was reduced by 10% DMSO. Impairment of thrombin induced glycosidase release was noted at lower DMSO concentrations and was dose related. Similarly, aggregation to ADP was progressively impaired at DMSO concentrations from 1-5% and was dose related. After the platelets exposed to DMSO were washed, however, aggregation and release returned to control values. Platelet aggregation by epinephrine was also inhibited by DMSO and this could not be corrected by washing the platelets. DMSO-plasma solutions are hypertonic but only minimal increases in platelet volume (at 10% DMSO) could be detected. Shrinkage of platelets was seen with hypertonic solutions of sodium chloride or sucrose suggesting that the rapid transmembrane passage of DMSO prevented significant shifts of water. These studies demonstrate that there are minimal irreversible alterations in in vitro platelet function after short-term exposure to DMSO.

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