Low Temperatures Induce Rough Blossom-end Scarring of Tomato Fruit during Early Flower Development

To identify the stage of flower development sensitive to low temperature-induced rough blossom-end scarring (RBS) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), short-term low-temperature treatments (1, 3, and 5 days continuously at 10C or 6, 9, and 12 days at 18/10C day/night) were applied to young, flowering plants and to plants at the six-leaf stage. Flowers were tagged at anthesis over 4 weeks and the growth stage of the flowers at the beginning of the treatments was determined in days relative to anthesis. The blossom-end scar index (BSI), a measure for blossom-end scar size relative to fruit size, and number of locules were recorded for mature fruits. In three experiments, 5 days at 10C or 6 days at 18/10C, applied during early flower differentiation, induced RBS in mature fruits. For each of the three cultivars tested `Horizon', Waker', and `Solar Set'), flower buds were most sensitive from 26 to 19 days before anthesis. In this experiment, RBS induction was not caused by an increase in the average number of locules per fruit. A short period of sensitivity during very early flower development explains the variation in RBS among seasons and within plants encountered in field situations. This study also presents a standard induction technique for further investigation of physiological and morphological backgrounds of the disorder and possible genotype screening.

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Flower development and fruit malformation in strawberries after short-term exposure to high or low temperature

Scientia Horticulturae ◽

10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110308 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 288 ◽

pp. 110308

Author(s):

Meiyan Cui ◽

Minh Duy Pham ◽

Hyunseung Hwang ◽

Changhoo Chun

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Flower Development ◽

Short Term ◽

Short Term Exposure ◽

High Or Low Temperature

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Easter Lilies React Differently to Short- or Long-term Exposure of Ethylene or Methane at Different Stages of Forcing

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.12.1.91 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 91-94

Author(s):

Wayne Brown ◽

Theo J. Blom ◽

George C.L. Chu ◽

Wei Tang Liu ◽

Lisa Skog

Keyword(s):

Flower Development ◽

Lilium Longiflorum ◽

Average Concentration ◽

Flower Initiation ◽

Marginal Effect ◽

Flower Buds ◽

Short Term ◽

Short Term Exposure ◽

Leaf Yellowing

The sensitivity of easter lilies (Lilium longiflorum) to either ethylene or methane (products of incomplete burning in gas-fired unit heaters) was tested during rooting [3 weeks at 18 °C (65 °F)], vernalization [6 weeks at 6 °C (43 °F)] and subsequent greenhouse forcing (15 weeks at 18 °C). Starting at planting, easter lilies were exposed for one of seven consecutive 3-week periods (short-term), or for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, or 21 weeks starting at planting (long-term) to either ethylene or methane at an average concentration of 2.4 and 2.5 μL·L-1(ppm), respectively. Short- or long-term exposure to ethylene during rooting and vernalization had no effect on the number of buds, leaves, or plant height but increased the number of days to flower. Short-term exposure within 6 weeks after vernalization reduced the number of buds by 1 bud/plant compared to the control (no ethylene exposure). However, extensive bud abortion occurred when plants were exposed to ethylene during the flower development phase. Long-term exposure to ethylene from planting until after the flower initiation period resulted in only two to three buds being initiated, while continued long-term exposure until flowering caused all flower buds to abort. Short-term exposure to methane at any time had no effect on leaf yellowing, bud number, bud abortion, or height and had only a marginal effect on production time. Long-term exposure to methane from planting until the end of vernalization increased both the number of buds, leaves and height without affecting forcing time, leaf yellowing or bud abortion.

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Cytokinin and Carbohydrate Changes During Flowering of Boronia megastigma

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp9950057 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 57 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

JS Day ◽

BR Loveys ◽

D Aspinall

Keyword(s):

Flower Development ◽

Environmental Control ◽

Zeatin Riboside ◽

Flower Initiation ◽

Flower Buds ◽

Starch Concentration ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Quantitative Measurements ◽

Early Flower ◽

Cool Conditions

Boronia megastigma, a native Australian shrub, requires 10-12 weeks of low temperatures to initiate flowers and commit them to develop through to anthesis. Our understanding of the environmental control of flowering of B. megastigma has improved in recent years but less is known of the endogenous control. This paper reports qualitative and quantitative measurements of carbohydrates and cytokinins during flower initiation and development of B. megastigma. A transient increase in zeatin riboside and dihydrozeatin riboside concentrations occurred in root and stem tissue within days of transferring the plants to cool (17/9�C day/night) conditions. Starch concentrations increased throughout the plant within 2 days of transferring the plants to cool conditions and remained high for 10 weeks. A transient decrease in the starch concentration occurred during weeks 1-4 which correlated with early flower differentiation. Between weeks 10 and 12 in cool conditions, cytokinin concentrations increased, carbohydrate concentrations decreased, flower buds became committed to develop through to anthesis and a period of rapid bud expansion began. Evidence suggests that cytokinins may influence the rate of flower development by altering the mobilisation of carbohydrates.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Natural alleles at a tomato fruit size quantitative trait locus differ by heterochronic regulatory mutations.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1010648.177334 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

Guenter Theissen

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Trait Locus ◽

Quantitative Trait ◽

Tomato Fruit ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Regulatory Mutations ◽

Trait Locus

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Natural alleles at a tomato fruit size quantitative trait locus differ by heterochronic regulatory mutations.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1010648.161307 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

Elizabeth Kellogg

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Trait Locus ◽

Quantitative Trait ◽

Tomato Fruit ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Regulatory Mutations ◽

Trait Locus

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CHLORIDE AND SULFATE EXCHANGE IN SHORT-TERM, LOW TEMPERATURE BRINE + JAROSITE EXPERIMENTS

10.1130/abs/2016am-280728 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Kayla M. Miller ◽

◽

Andrew S. Elwood Madden ◽

Janice L. Bishop ◽

Charity Phillips-Lander ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Short Term

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Sliding wear of medium-carbon bainitic/martensitic/austenitic steel treated by short-term low-temperature austempering

Wear ◽

10.1016/j.wear.2021.203732 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 203732

Author(s):

Quanshun Luo ◽

Jianbin Li ◽

Qintai Yan ◽

Wenbo Li ◽

Yubi Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Austenitic Steel ◽

Sliding Wear ◽

Short Term ◽

Medium Carbon

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A review of solar-driven short-term low temperature heat storage systems

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews ◽

10.1016/j.rser.2021.110824 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 141 ◽

pp. 110824

Author(s):

Yongliang Shen ◽

Shuli Liu ◽

Abdur Rehman Mazhar ◽

Xiaojing Han ◽

Liu Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Heat Storage ◽

Storage Systems ◽

Short Term ◽

Temperature Heat

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Effects of different returning method combined with decomposer on decomposition of organic components of straw and soil fertility

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-95015-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiao Wang ◽

Xuexin Wang ◽

Peng Geng ◽

Qian Yang ◽

Kun Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Fertility ◽

Decomposition Rate ◽

Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽

No Tillage ◽

Short Term ◽

Straw Decomposition ◽

Short Period ◽

Straw Return ◽

Forms Of Carbon

AbstractIn view of the problems of low straw decomposition rates and reduced soil fertility in southern Liaoning, China, we investigated the effects of no-tillage mode (NT), deep loosening + deep rotary tillage mode (PT), rotary tillage mode (RT) and the addition of decomposing agent (the next is called a decomposer) (NT + S, PT + S, RT + S) on the decomposition proportion of straw, respectively, by using the nylon net bag method in combination with 365-day field plot experiments. The decomposition rules of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin as well as the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC), soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in straw returned to the field for 15, 35, 55, 75, 95, 145 and 365 days were analyzed. The results showed that in the short term, the decomposition of straw was better in both the rotray tillage and deep loosening + deep rotary modes than in the no-tillage mode, and the addition of decomposer significantly promoted the decomposition of straw and the release of carbon from straw, among them, the RT + S treatment had the highest straw decomposition proportion and carbon release proportion in all sampling periods. After a one year experimental cycle, the RT + S treatment showed the highest proportion of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin decomposition with 35.49%, 84.23% and 85.50%, respectively, and soil SOC, MBC and DOC contents were also higher than the other treatments with an increase of 2.30 g kg−1, 14.22 mg kg−1 and 25.10 mg kg−1, respectively, compared to the pre-experimental soil. Our results show that in the short term, to accelerate the decomposition rate of returned straw and increase the content of various forms of carbon in soil, rotary tillage can be used to return the straw to the field, while also spraying straw decomposer on its surface. This experiment used a new straw decomposer rich in a variety of microorganisms, combined with the comparison of a variety of straw return modes, and in-depth study of straw decomposition effects of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Thus, a scheme that can effectively improve the decomposition rate of straw and the content of various forms of organic carbon in soil within a short period of time was explored to provide theoretical support for the southern Liaoning.

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