Characterization of submicron particles during biomass burning and coal combustion periods in Beijing, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 562 ◽  
pp. 812-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.K. Zhang ◽  
M.T. Cheng ◽  
D.S. Ji ◽  
Z.R. Liu ◽  
B. Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Submicron Particles ◽  
Beijing China

Characterization of submicron particles during autumn in Beijing, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 16-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Xu ◽  
Junke Zhang ◽  
Dongsheng Ji ◽  
Zirui Liu ◽  
Guiqian Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Submicron Particles ◽  
Beijing China

scholarly journals Quantifying primary and secondary humic-like substances in urban aerosol based on emission source characterization and a source-oriented air quality model

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinghua Li ◽  
Junzan Han ◽  
Philip K. Hopke ◽  
Jingnan Hu ◽  
Qi Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Source Characterization ◽  
Air Quality Model ◽  
Coal Burning ◽  
Residential Coal

Abstract. Humic-like substances (HULIS) are a mixture of high molecular weight, water-soluble organic compounds that are widely distributed in atmospheric aerosol. Their sources are rarely studied quantitatively. Biomass burning is generally accepted as a major primary source of ambient humic-like substances (HULIS) with additional secondary material formed in the atmosphere. However, the present study provides direct evidence that residential coal burning is also a significant source of ambient HULIS, especially in the heating season in northern China based on source measurements, ambient sampling and analysis, and apportionment with source-oriented CMAQ modeling. Emissions tests show that residential coal combustion produces 5 to 24 % of the emitted organic carbon (OC) as HULIS carbon (HULISc). Estimation of primary emissions of HULIS in Beijing indicated that residential biofuel and coal burning contribute about 70 % and 25 % of annual primary HULIS, respectively. Vehicle exhaust, industry, and power plants contributions are negligible. Average concentration of ambient HULIS was 7.5 μg/m3 in atmospheric PM2.5 in urban Beijing and HULIS exhibited obvious seasonal variations with the highest concentrations in winter. HULISc account for 7.2 % of PM2.5 mass, 24.5 % of OC, and 59.5 % of water-soluble organic carbon, respectively. HULIS are found to correlate well with K+, Cl−, sulfate, and secondary organic aerosol suggesting its sources include biomass burning, coal combustion and secondary aerosol formation. Source apportionment based on CMAQ modeling shows residential biofuel and coal burning, secondary formation are important annual sources of ambient HULIS, contributing 57.5 %, 12.3 %, and 25.8 %, respectively.

scholarly journals Characterization of gas-phase organics using proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry: fresh and aged residential wood combustion emissions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A. Bruns ◽  
Jay G. Slowik ◽  
Imad El Haddad ◽  
Dogushan Kilic ◽  
Felix Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Transfer Reaction ◽  
Proton Transfer Reaction ◽  
Wood Combustion ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Combustion Emissions ◽  
Organic Gases

Abstract. Organic gases emitted during the flaming phase of residential wood combustion are characterized individually and by functionality using proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The evolution of the organic gases is monitored during photochemical aging. Primary gaseous emissions are dominated by oxygenated species (e.g., acetic acid, acetaldehyde, phenol and methanol), many of which have deleterious health effects and play an important role in atmospheric processes such as secondary organic aerosol formation and ozone production. Residential wood combustion emissions differ considerably from open biomass burning in both absolute magnitude and relative composition. Ratios of acetonitrile, a potential biomass burning marker, to CO are considerably lower (~ 0.09 pptv ppbv−1) than those observed in air masses influenced by open burning (~ 1–2 pptv ppbv−1), which may make differentiation from background levels difficult, even in regions heavily impacted by residential wood burning. Considerable formic acid forms during aging (~ 200–600 mg kg−1 at an OH exposure of (4.5–5.5) × 107 molec  cm−3 h), indicating residential wood combustion can be an important local source for this acid, the quantities of which are currently underestimated in models. Phthalic anhydride, a naphthalene oxidation product, is also formed in considerable quantities with aging (~ 55–75 mg kg−1 at an OH exposure of (4.5–5.5) × 107 molec  cm−3 h). Although total NMOG emissions vary by up to a factor of ~ 9 between burns, SOA formation potential does not scale with total NMOG emissions and is similar in all experiments. This study is the first thorough characterization of both primary and aged organic gases from residential wood combustion and provides a benchmark for comparison of emissions generated under different burn parameters.

scholarly journals Characterization of aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists in sediments of Wenyu River, Beijing, China

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 2441-2448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianping Luo ◽  
Mei Ma ◽  
Jinmiao Zha ◽  
Zijian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽  
Beijing China

scholarly journals Sources and formation of carbonaceous aerosols in Xi'an, China: primary emissions and secondary formation constrained by radiocarbon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Ni ◽  
Ru-Jin Huang ◽  
Ulrike Dusek
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Warm Period ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
Fossil Fuel Combustion

<p>To investigate the sources and formation mechanisms of carbonaceous aerosols, a major contributor to severe particulate air pollution, radiocarbon (<span><sup>14</sup>C</span>) measurements were conducted on aerosols sampled from November 2015 to November 2016 in Xi'an, China. Based on the <span><sup>14</sup>C</span> content in elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC) and water-insoluble OC (WIOC), contributions of major sources to carbonaceous aerosols are estimated over a whole seasonal cycle: primary and secondary fossil sources, primary biomass burning, and other non-fossil carbon formed mainly from secondary processes. Primary fossil sources of EC were further sub-divided into coal and liquid fossil fuel combustion by complementing <span><sup>14</sup>C</span> data with stable carbon isotopic signatures.</p><p>The dominant EC source was liquid fossil fuel combustion (i.e., vehicle emissions), accounting for 64 % (median; 45 %–74 %, interquartile range) of EC in autumn, 60 % (41 %–72 %) in summer, 53 % (33 %–69 %) in spring and 46 % (29 %–59 %) in winter. An increased contribution from biomass burning to EC was observed in winter (<span>∼28</span> %) compared to other seasons (warm period; <span>∼15</span> %). In winter, coal combustion (<span>∼25</span> %) and biomass burning equally contributed to EC, whereas in the warm period, coal combustion accounted for a larger fraction of EC than biomass burning. The relative contribution of fossil sources to OC was consistently lower than that to EC, with an annual average of <span>47±4</span> %. Non-fossil OC of secondary origin was an important contributor to total OC (<span>35±4</span> %) and accounted for more than half of non-fossil OC (<span>67±6</span> %) throughout the year. Secondary fossil OC (SOC<span><sub>fossil</sub></span>) concentrations were higher than primary fossil OC (POC<span><sub>fossil</sub></span>) concentrations in winter but lower than POC<span><sub>fossil</sub></span> in the warm period.</p><p>Fossil WIOC and water-soluble OC (WSOC) have been widely used as proxies for POC<span><sub>fossil</sub></span> and SOC<span><sub>fossil</sub></span>, respectively. This assumption was evaluated by (1) comparing their mass concentrations with POC<span><sub>fossil</sub></span> and SOC<span><sub>fossil</sub></span> and (2) comparing ratios of fossil WIOC to fossil EC to typical primary OC-to-EC ratios from fossil sources including both coal combustion and vehicle emissions. The results suggest that fossil WIOC and fossil WSOC are probably a better approximation for primary and secondary fossil OC, respectively, than POC<span><sub>fossil</sub></span> and SOC<span><sub>fossil</sub></span> estimated using the EC tracer method.</p>

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