scholarly journals Occurrence and distribution of microplastics-sorbed phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in coastal psammitic sediments of tropical Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Guinea

2020 ◽  
Vol 730 ◽  
pp. 139013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nsikak U. Benson ◽  
Omowunmi H. Fred-Ahmadu
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Phthalic Acid ◽  
Tropical Atlantic ◽  
Gulf Of Guinea ◽  
Phthalic Acid Esters ◽  
Tropical Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Acid Esters

scholarly journals Impact of intraseasonal wind bursts on sea surface temperature variability in the far eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean during boreal spring 2005 and 2006: focus on the mid-May 2005 event

Ocean Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëlle Herbert ◽  
Bernard Bourlès
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Kelvin Waves ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Tropical Atlantic ◽  
Gulf Of Guinea ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Tropical Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Boreal Spring ◽  
Wind Bursts

Abstract. The impact of boreal spring intraseasonal wind bursts on sea surface temperature variability in the eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean in 2005 and 2006 is investigated using numerical simulation and observations. We especially focus on the coastal region east of 5° E and between the Equator and 7° S that has not been studied in detail so far. For both years, the southerly wind anomalies induced cooling episodes through (i) upwelling processes, (ii) vertical mixing due to the vertical shear of the current, and for some particular events (iii) a decrease in incoming surface shortwave radiation. The strength of the cooling episodes was modulated by subsurface conditions affected by the arrival of Kelvin waves from the west influencing the depth of the thermocline. Once impinging the eastern boundary, the Kelvin waves excited westward-propagating Rossby waves, which combined with the effect of enhanced westward surface currents contributed to the westward extension of the cold water. A particularly strong wind event occurred in mid-May 2005 and caused an anomalous strong cooling off Cape Lopez and in the whole eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean. From the analysis of oceanic and atmospheric conditions during this particular event, it appears that anomalously strong boreal spring wind strengthening associated with anomalously strong Hadley cell activity prematurely triggered the onset of coastal rainfall in the northern Gulf of Guinea, making it the earliest over the 1998–2008 period. No similar atmospheric conditions were observed in May over the 1998–2008 period. It is also found that the anomalous oceanic and atmospheric conditions associated with the event exerted a strong influence on rainfall off northeast Brazil. This study highlights the different processes through which the wind power from the South Atlantic is brought to the ocean in the Gulf of Guinea and emphasizes the need to further document and monitor the South Atlantic region.

scholarly journals On forecasting abnormal climatic events in the tropical Atlantic Ocean

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 995-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Servain ◽  
S. Arnault
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Wind Stress ◽  
Linear Method ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Height Anomaly ◽  
Boreal Summer ◽  
Tropical Atlantic ◽  
Gulf Of Guinea ◽  
Dynamic Height ◽  
Tropical Atlantic Ocean

Abstract. Modelling and observational evidence indicate that interannual variabilities of dynamic height and sea surface temperature (SST) in the eastern part of the tropical Atlantic Ocean (Gulf of Guinea) are largely induced by preceding fluctuations in wind stress, mainly in the western equatorial basin. A wind-driven linear ocean model is used here to test the possibility of forecasting the abnormal dynamic heights. A control run of the model, forced by 1964–1993 wind stress monthly means, is first conducted. Yearly test runs (1964–1994) are subsequently performed from January to August by forcing the model with observed winds from January to May, and then by forcing with the May wind assumed to persist from June to August. During the last three decades the largest deviations of dynamic height simulated by the control run in the Gulf of Guinea in boreal summer would have been correctly forecast from wind data related only to conditions in May of each year. However, for weak climatic anomalies, the model may forecast overestimated values. For the most part (about 20 times during the last 30 years), the sign of the observed SST anomaly in the centre of the Gulf of Guinea during the boreal summer is identical to the sign of simulated anomalies of dynamic height deduced from both control and test runs. Along the eastern equatorial waveguide, the sea level forecasting skill slowly decreases from the first 2 weeks of June until the second 2 weeks of August, but remains high on both sides of the equator throughout boreal summer, as is expected from the adjustment in a linear ocean model. It is established that throughout the year in the Gulf of Guinea the accuracy of the 1-month forecast dynamic height anomaly provided by the simple linear method is greater than that of the 1-month forecast assuming persistence.

scholarly journals Impact of intraseasonal wind bursts on SST variability in the far eastern Tropical Atlantic Ocean during boreal spring 2005 and 2006. Focus on the mid-May 2005 event

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëlle Herbert ◽  
Bernard Bourlès
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Kelvin Waves ◽  
Hadley Cell ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Tropical Atlantic ◽  
Gulf Of Guinea ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Tropical Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Wind Bursts

Abstract. The impact of spring intraseasonal wind bursts on sea surface temperature variability in the eastern Tropical Atlantic Ocean in 2005 and 2006 is investigated using numerical simulation and observations. We specially focus on the few documented coastal region east of 5° E and between the equator and 7° S. For both years, the southerly winds strengthening induced cooling events through i) upwelling processes; ii) vertical mixing due to vertical shear of zonal current; and for some particular events iii) a decrease of incoming surface shortwave radiation. The strength of the cooling events was modulated by subsurface conditions affected by the arrival of Kelvin waves from the west influencing the depth of the thermocline. Once impinging the eastern boundary, the Kelvin waves excited westward-propagating Rossby waves which, combined with the effect of enhanced westward surface currents, contributed to the westward extension of the cold water. A particularly strong wind event occurred in mid-May 2005 and caused an anomalous strong cooling off Cape-Lopez and in the whole eastern Tropical Atlantic Ocean. From the analysis of oceanic and atmospheric conditions during this particular event, it appears that anomalous strong spring wind strengthening associated to anomalous strong Hadley cell activity made the event as a decisive event which prematurely triggered the rainfall coastal onset in the northern Gulf of Guinea. Results show that no similar atmospheric conditions were observed over the 1998–2008 period. It is also found that the anomalous oceanic and atmospheric conditions associated to the event exerted strong influence on rainfall off Northeast Brazil. This study highlights the different processes through which the wind power from South Atlantic is brought to the ocean in the Gulf of Guinea and emphasizes the need to further document and monitor the South Atlantic region.

Determination of phthalic acid esters in imitation jewellery and investigation of their migration risk

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 647-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying LAI ◽  
Zongping HUANG ◽  
Xiuxiu GE ◽  
Rui LIN ◽  
Hexiu CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Phthalic Acid ◽  
Phthalic Acid Esters ◽  
Acid Esters

Chemodynamics, transport behaviour and treatment of phthalic acid esters in municipal landfill leachates

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Bauer ◽  
R. Herrmann ◽  
A. Martin ◽  
H. Zellmann
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Phthalic Acid ◽  
Phthalic Acid Esters ◽  
Landfill Leachates ◽  
Transport Behaviour ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate ◽  
Dissolved Phase ◽  
Acid Esters ◽  
Long Chain

Large amounts of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are leached from plastics dumped at municipal landfills. This leachate transports PAEs either adsorbed on particulate matter or in dissolved phase. Dissolved organic macromolecules, mainly humic-like substances, enhance the solubility of PAEs. In the biochemical environments of municipal landfills short chain PAEs can be degraded by base-catalyzed hydrolysis or by microorganisms which enzymatically split the side chains. However, there is no cleavage of the aromatic ring. Long chain PAEs like di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate are neither degraded abiotically nor by microorganisms. Hence, these PAEs can be leached and washed out of leaky landfills into the groundwater and thus continue to be a threat to the aquatic environment. Only a combined UV radiation/ozonation treatment is capable of fully destroying PAEs.

scholarly journals Correction to: Weakened SST variability in the tropical Atlantic Ocean since 2000

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Prigent ◽  
Joke F. Lübbecke ◽  
Tobias Bayr ◽  
Mojib Latif ◽  
Christian Wengel
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Tropical Atlantic ◽  
Tropical Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Sst Variability
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