Wastewater treatment decentralization: Is this the right direction for megacities in the Global South?

2021 ◽  
Vol 778 ◽  
pp. 146227
Author(s):  
Andre Torre ◽  
Ian Vázquez-Rowe ◽  
Eduardo Parodi ◽  
Ramzy Kahhat
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Global South ◽  
The Right

The Emergence of Climate Litigation in the Global South

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 85-86
Author(s):  
Jolene Lin
Keyword(s):  
Global South ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Environmental Rights ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
The Right

Climate litigation in the Global South tends to be couched in rights-based clams including the right to life and a clean and healthy environment. Jolene Lin explained that this is in part due to the fact that many jurisdictions in the Global South have embedded environmental rights in their constitutions and, in some cases, courts have interpreted the right to life to include the right to a clean and healthy environment.

Tragedies of Communion: Seeking Reconciliation amid Colonial Legacies

2015 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-412
Author(s):  
Ross Kane
Keyword(s):  
Human Sexuality ◽  
Global South ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Western Discourse ◽  
Colonial Legacies ◽  
The Right ◽  
White Gaze

In seeking justice for LGBT persons, many Episcopalians have found ourselves in significant moral tragedies over recent decades. Support for same-sex relationships often emerged from a concern to stand up for the marginalized and to be “on the right side of history.” At the same time, however, we inadvertently alienated many of those historically marginalized in global Anglican conversations, specifically those in the global South. The content and form of the Episcopal Church's public statements in Anglican debates over human sexuality proved subtly—and usually unintentionally—neocolonial. The content of the debate privileged a specifically Western discourse based in the designation of homosexuality, while the form of the debate often resembled an abstracted “white gaze.” In seeking a path to reconciliation, the essay concludes by engaging H. Richard Niebuhr's thought, suggesting that he enables us to conceive how we ended up in such tragedies and offers a means to reconciliation by way of repentance.

Using cartoon videos to survey children and adolescents in the global south: A Tanzanian example

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 147-159
Author(s):  
Deborah Levison ◽  
Anna Bolgrien
Keyword(s):  
Global South ◽  
Innovative Product ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Children’S Views ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Survey Designs ◽  
Large Representative

The Convention on the Rights of the Child, Article 12, states that children have the right to be heard on matters that concern them. Animating Children’s Views (ACV) provides an innovative product for implementing Article 12 while reducing the risk that nearby adults will disagree with and punish children, a vulnerable population. We argue that national statistical offices (NSOs) should add ACV child modules to large, representative surveys, thereby becoming leaders in inclusive survey designs. This methodology uses cartoon videos with recorded voiceovers heard through headphones, followed by questions referencing the video stories (vignettes) rather than the young respondent’s own life. Proxy reporting is not used, and literacy is not presumed. Analysis of follow-up interviews and focus groups helped interpret and validate quantitative results of ACV modules piloted in Tanzania. In addition to implementing Article 12, ACV can help NSOs improve interpretation of new and existing statistical sources by including the perspectives and behavior of young people in the Global South.

scholarly journals Refugees from South Asian Islamic States at the footsteps of Global North: Reading Moshin Hamid’s Exit West as an Anticipation of Postnational Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minakshi Paul ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Global South ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
Critical Theories ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Global North ◽  
The Right

One of the essential aspects which have been perpetually constituting and reconstituting the tumultuous geopolitical space of South Asia is its interface with the Global North. An inherent element of this interface materializes in terms of the rapidly escalating proportion of the displaced population from the Islamic South Asian and Central Asian countries afflicted with intense political tensions seeking shelter in the Global North regenerating the ground for the imperialist exclusionary politics in a newer manifestation. Considering the tensional position of the Islamic communities in global politics, British-Pakistani writer Moshin Hamid’s novel Exit West (2017) provides a platform for exploring the plight of the refugees from Islamic states of South Asia in the fortress regime of Global North who are denied being assimilated either in their home state in Global South or in the host countries of the Global North thus problematizing their political status. Corroborating Giorgio Agamben’s dismissal of national borders, Hamid deploys the trope of magical doors in his novel that instantaneously delivers the protagonists to different nations rendering the geopolitical borders meaningless. As the concerned conference aspires to obviate the thick smog of western critical theories which fail to address the local issues and local cultural experience, the present paper in this context examines the novel as an aesthetic and poetical account of the hostility and resentment of the indigenous population and assimilated citizenry towards the refugees, the primal loss of their psychic experience of ‘home’ challenging the ‘ethnonationalism’ and the right-wing populism of the western nations invoking the readers to acknowledge the truth of ‘Postnationalism’. This paper thus attempts to diagnose the methods of negotiating the tensional correspondence between Global North and Global South on account of these refugees with contested political and social identities imploring the readers to reexamine the gaps in the complacent, coherent identity of South Asia as a geopolitical unit.

scholarly journals Real-time model predictive control of a wastewater treatment plant based on machine learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bernardelli ◽  
S. Marsili-Libelli ◽  
A. Manzini ◽  
S. Stancari ◽  
G. Tardini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Time Model ◽  
The Right

Abstract Two separate goals should be jointly pursued in wastewater treatment: nutrient removal and energy conservation. An efficient controller performance should cope with process uncertainties, seasonal variations and process nonlinearities. This paper describes the design and testing of a model predictive controller (MPC) based on neuro-fuzzy techniques that is capable of estimating the main process variables and providing the right amount of aeration to achieve an efficient and economical operation. This algorithm has been field tested on a large-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant of about 500,000 PE, with encouraging results in terms of better effluent quality and energy savings.

Unequal urban rights: Critical reflections on property and urban citizenship

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (14) ◽  
pp. 2977-2992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ditte Brøgger
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Global South ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Exclusionary Practices ◽  
Urban Citizenship ◽  
Unequal Access ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Historical Practices

In the fast-growing cities of the Global South, urban forms of citizenship and urban rights are unequally defined and locally negotiated. The aim of this paper is to add the themes of property, landownership and housing as perspectives in the understanding of urban citizenship and to demonstrate how the urban is an arena for the negotiation of rights. This is done by examining urban citizenship and the graduated system of locally negotiated rights, including the right to property, the right to belong to an urban community and the right to urban resources. The research is located geographically in Nepal, where a typology of different classes of citizenship is developed in order to explain how classes of urban citizenship have different rights in the urban. Central to this is an analysis of unequal rights and unequal access to essential urban resources and services. The paper finds that the definition of (new) classes of urban citizenship in Nepal is critically embedded in historical practices and social structures. This demonstrates the relevance of further research into exclusionary practices in urban areas in the rapidly urbanising Global South and adds to the discussion of different types of urban citizenship and unequal rights to the urban space.

Development and exploitation of a multipurpose CFD tool for optimisation of microbial reaction and sludge flow

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Oda ◽  
T. Yano ◽  
Y. Niboshi
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Numerical Technique ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Reaction Model ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
The Right

A numerical analysis technique for optimisation of microbial reaction and sludge flow has been developed in this study. The technique is based on the 3D multiphase Navier–Stokes solver with turbulence models. In order to make numerical analyses of the total processes in wastewater treatment plants possible, four numerical models, the microbial reaction model, a sludge settling model, oxygen mass transfer model from coarse bubbles, and a model from fine bubbles, are added to the solver. All parameters included in those models are calibrated in accordance with experimental results, and good agreements between calculated results and experimental results are found. Finally, this study shows that the numerical technique can be used to optimise wastewater treatment plants with an example of the operational optimisation of an intermittent agitation in anoxic reactors by coarse bubbles. With a proper appreciation of its limit and advantages, the exploitation of the CFD efficiently leads us to the right direction even though it is not quantitatively perfect.

Reductionist Intellectual Property Protection and Expansionist (and “Prodevelopment”) Competition Rules as a Human Rights Imperative? Enhancing Technology Transfer to the Global South

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-272
Author(s):  
Klaus D. Beiter
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Global South ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Right To Development ◽  
Competition Rules ◽  
The Right ◽  
Dissemination Of Technology

Abstract Increasingly, the economy of industrialised countries moves away from being based on a multiplicity of independent innovators to one characterised by cross-licensing and the pooling of intellectual property (IP) rights. Competition law is accorded a more limited role. Refusals to license or restrictive licence terms are tolerated. This paradigm emphasises the innovation at the expense of the dissemination rationale of IP and competition law. The pressure on developing countries is to follow suit. However, this approach jeopardises overcoming the technology dependence of these states. Yet, the political consensus underlying the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) was that, in exchange for IP rights protection, a transfer and dissemination of technology benefiting the global South would occur. This has not taken place so far. Taking this promise seriously requires according an enhanced, more social role to competition law. Articles 8(2), 31 and 40 of TRIPS – the TRIPS competition rules – could be interpreted in a way to accomplish this. This article argues in favour of a “prodevelopment” approach to IP-related competition law. This could be viewed as a demand of the rule of law at the international level. On the one hand, treaties such as TRIPS are to be interpreted in good faith. On the other, public interest and human rights considerations justify, as it were, require, such an approach. Articles 7 and 8 of TRIPS can play a crucial role in this regard. They reflect such public interest considerations as “object and purpose” of TRIPS. They also provide a link to international human rights law (IHRL). IHRL protects a (group) right to development, confirming “policy space” for World Trade Organization (WTO) members and the freedom to opt for a competition law model that facilitates dissemination. The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) further protects various economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and its applications (REBSPA). These rights may be said to give rise to “transfer and dissemination of technology” as a human right. Duties under the right to development and “territorial” and “extraterritorial” human rights obligations (ETOs) under the ICESCR support an understanding of competition law which is pro development, which takes account of local access and welfare needs. The article concludes with a set of 10 consolidated considerations for a “prodevelopment” IP-related competition law.

scholarly journals Language-in-education policies and Indigenous language revitalization efforts in Canada: Considerations for non-dominant language education in the Global South

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Onowa McIvor ◽  
Jessica Ball
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Language Revitalization ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Global South ◽  
Indigenous Language ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Indigenous Language Revitalization ◽  
The Right

Indigenous languages are struggling for breath in the Global North. In Canada, Indigenous language medium schools and early childhood programs remain independent and marginalized. Despite government commitments, there is little support for Indigenous language-in-education policy and initiatives. This article describes an inaugural, country-wide, federally-funded, Indigenous-led language revitalization research project, entitled NE?OL?EW? (one mind-one people). The project brings together nine Indigenous partners to build a country-wide network and momentum to pressure multi-levels of government to honour agreements enshrining the right of children to learn their Indigenous language. The project is documenting approaches to create new Indigenous language speakers, focusing on adult language learners able to keep the language vibrant and teach their language to children. The article reflects upon how this Northern emphasis on Indigenous language revitalization and country-wide networking initiative is relevant to mother tongue-based education and policy examples in the Global South. The article underscores the need for both community level initiatives (top-down) and government level policy and funding (bottom up) to support child and adult Indigenous language learning.

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