Potent allelopathy and non-PSTs, non-spirolides toxicity of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium leei to phytoplankton, finfish and zooplankton observed from laboratory bioassays

2021 ◽  
Vol 780 ◽  
pp. 146484
Author(s):  
Lixia Shang ◽  
Yangbing Xu ◽  
Chui Pin Leaw ◽  
Po Teen Lim ◽  
Jiuming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Bioassays

In Vitro Screening of Azalea for Resistance to Azalea Lace Bug

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 506b-506
Author(s):  
Carol D. Robacker ◽  
S.K. Braman
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Damage ◽  
In Vitro Screening ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Delaware Valley ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Culture Tube ◽  
Lace Bug ◽  
Lace Bugs ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

Azalea lace bug (Stephanitis pyrioides) is the most serious pest on azalea. Results of laboratory bioassays and field evaluations of 17 deciduous azalea taxa have identified three resistant taxa: R. canescens, R. periclymenoides, and R. prunifolium. Highly susceptible taxa are `Buttercup', `My Mary', R. oblongifolium, and the evergreen cultivar `Delaware Valley White'. To determine whether in vitro techniques would have potential value in screening or selecting for resistance, or for the identification of morphological or chemical factors related to resistance, an in-vitro screening assay was developed. In-vitro shoot proliferation was obtained using the medium and procedures of Economou and Read (1984). Shoots used in the bioassays were grown in culture tubes. Two assays were developed: one for nymphs and one for adult lace bugs. To assay for resistance to nymphs, `Delaware Valley White' leaves containing lace bug eggs were disinfested with 70% alcohol and 20% commercial bleach, and incubated in sterile petri plates with moistened filter paper until the nymphs hatched. Five nymphs were placed in each culture tube, and cultures were incubated for about 2 weeks, or until adults were observed. To assay for resistance to adults, five female lace bugs were placed in each culture tube and allowed to feed for 5 days. Data collected on survival and leaf damage was generally supportive of laboratory bioassays and field results. Adult lace bugs had a low rate of survival on resistant taxa. Survival of nymphs was somewhat reduced on resistant taxa.

Laboratory bioassays and field-cage trials of Metarhizium spp. isolates with field-collected Mormon crickets (Anabrus simplex)

BioControl ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad A. Keyser ◽  
Éverton K. K. Fernandes ◽  
Drauzio E. N. Rangel ◽  
R. Nelson Foster ◽  
Larry E. Jech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Cage ◽  
Anabrus Simplex ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

Laboratory bioassays with microalgae

1997 ◽  
pp. 225-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Nyholm ◽  
Hans Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Bioassays

scholarly journals Repellent activity of DEET against Amblyomma cajennense (Acari: Ixodidae) nymphs submitted to diferent laboratory bioassays

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Soares ◽  
R. de S. Braga ◽  
L. L. Ferreira ◽  
C. C. B. Louly ◽  
L. A. D. de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repellent Activity ◽  
Amblyomma Cajennense ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

scholarly journals Honeybees use propolis as a natural pesticide against their major ectoparasite

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1965) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelina Pusceddu ◽  
Desiderato Annoscia ◽  
Ignazio Floris ◽  
Davide Frizzera ◽  
Virginia Zanni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Natural Pesticide ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

Honeybees use propolis collected from plants for coating the inner walls of their nest. This substance is also used as a natural antibiotic against microbial pathogens, similarly to many other animals exploiting natural products for self-medication. We carried out chemical analyses and laboratory bioassays to test if honeybees use propolis for social medication against their major ectoparasite: Varroa destructor . We found that propolis is applied to brood cells where it can affect the reproducing parasites, with a positive effect on honeybees and a potential impact on Varroa population. We conclude that propolis can be regarded as a natural pesticide used by the honeybee to limit a dangerous parasite. These findings significantly enlarge our understanding of behavioural immunity in animals and may have important implications for the management of the most important threat to honeybees worldwide.

scholarly journals Reproduction of Ooencyrtus submetallicus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Trissolcus sp. aff. urichi (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) in Eggs of Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) of Different Ages

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Eduardo Carvalho Faca ◽  
Fabrício Fagundes Pereira ◽  
Winnie Cezario Fernandes ◽  
Ivana Fernandes da Silva ◽  
Valmir Antônio Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Nezara Viridula ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Breeding Methodology ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

The study of the interaction between parasitoid and host, especially the age of these organisms, is an important step towards the implementation of biological control programs. Therefore, we investigated the performance of Ooencyrtus submetallicus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Trissolcus sp. aff. urichi (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) parasitizing eggs of Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), considering different ages of the parasitoids and the host. We performed four laboratory bioassays: two using females of O. submetallicus and Trissolcus sp. aff. urichi at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, or 144 hours of age exposed to parasitism in N. viridula eggs (24 h) and two trials with N. viridula eggs at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, or 144 hours exposed to the parasitism of O. submetallicus and Trissolcus sp. aff. urichi (24 h). We evaluated the percentage of parasitism and emergence, life cycle length, progeny, sex ratio, and the longevity of the parasitoids. The parasitism of O. submetallicus in N. viridula eggs was influenced by the age of the parasitoid, 120 hours being the minimum to obtain better parasitism. From this age on, there is interference in the longevity of the progeny. Trisolcus sp. aff. urichi, at all ages, parasitized N. viridula eggs relatively well, but with almost no emergence of the parasitized eggs. Females of O. submetallicus parasitized and developed in eggs of N. viridula of all ages. Females of Trissolcus sp. aff. urichi parasitized their host, but there was barely any emergence. These pieces of information regarding the breeding methodology contribute to the implementation of new protocols for the multiplication of these parasitoids in the laboratory, and later, their release in the field.

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