Differences in protein fraction from goat and cow milk and their role on cytokine production in children with cow's milk protein allergy

2012 ◽  
Vol 105 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Albenzio ◽  
A. Campanozzi ◽  
M. D’Apolito ◽  
A. Santillo ◽  
M. Pettoello Mantovani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Fraction ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Cow’S Milk Protein

scholarly journals Prevalence, Risk Factors, Clinical Manifestation, Diagnosis Aspects and Nutrition Therapy in Relation to both IgE and IgG Cow’s Milk Protein Allergies among a Population of Saudi Arabia: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-389
Author(s):  
Mashail A Baghlaf ◽  
Noura M S Eid
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Food Allergy ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Cow’S Milk Protein

Cow milk protein allergy (CMPA) becoming a major public health issue that has attracted the attention of health professionals and researchers. This paper aimed to review the important aspects of both IgE and IgG types of cow’s milk protein allergy in terms of prevalence, clinical manifestation, risk factors, other health-related issues and nutritional therapy proposed for such allergies in the adult and pediatric population in Saudi Arabia. A search on “cow’s milk allergy” was done using PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus Engine for published papers between 1993 and 2020 to find studies yielding knowledge on that context. The prevalence of cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) among infants is now in the range of 2–3%. This type of allergy is also detected in adulthood but less frequently. CMPA is defined as an immunological reaction to specific proteins in milk. CMPA is classified based on its type as an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated form and an immunoglobulin G (IgG)-mediated form, each type representing different immunological pathways. The presence of Genetic aspects, family history and short duration of breastfeeding in the infant are among the risk factors contributing to this form of allergy. Its manifestations mainly present as skin presentation, followed by the gastrointestinal and respiratory presentation in most cases in addition to a life-threatening anaphylactic reaction that may occur in 12% of cases. food allergy committees have developed strict diagnosis criteria, including blood testing for food-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE), a skin prick test and double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFC) as the gold standard. A diet free of cow’s milk protein (CMP) allergen and including the appropriate alternative milk formula is the first line of prevention recommended by many organizations and food allergy experts. As for Saudi Arabia, more research and clinical trials are required to discuss the various aspects of adult and pediatric CMPA and to provide a better understanding along with good control strategies implementation.

Screening for Cow Milk Allergy Among Young Egyptian Children

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab A El-Sayed ◽  
Rasha H El-Owaidy ◽  
Hanan M Abd El-Lateef ◽  
Ahmed SA Hammouda
Keyword(s):  
Milk Protein ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Oral Challenge Test ◽  
Egyptian Children ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
Cow’S Milk Protein

Abstract Background There are insufficient published data on the prevalence of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) in Egypt. Aim of the Work The study aims to estimate the frequency of CMPA among young Egyptian children in a trial to delineate the magnitude of the problem in our population. Methods A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted on 500 young Egyptian children from the general population aged from 6 months to 5 years; 200 males and 300 females. Children were subjected to history taking and clinical examination. Suspected cases with suggestive clinical history of CMPA were subjected to skin prick test (SPT) with standardized cow’s milk protein allergen extract and open oral challenge test (OCT). Results In the present study, 6.2% of screened children had positive clinical history suggestive of CMPA, 35.5% of them had positive SPT and 51.6% had positive OCT. Based on clinical history and OCT, 3.2% were documented to have CMPA, 3% had undocumented CMPA or low probability of CMPA and 93.8% had no CMPA. The highest rate of initial onset of CMPA is seen before the first year of life (96.8%) and 81.3% of children with positive OCT were formula/mixed-fed. The clinical manifestations in infants with suspected CMPA were variable, and the main presenting feature was gastrointestinal tract manifestations (42%). The IgE-mediated CMPA was more common and constituted 56.3% of the CMPA cases. Conclusion The frequency of CMPA among Egyptian children up to 5 years of age is comparable to the reported frequencies worldwide. IgE-mediated CMPA accounts for more than 2/3 of the patients with proven CMPA in this study.

scholarly journals Formula Alternatives for Nutrition Therapy of Children with Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennadiy A. Novik ◽  
Maria V. Zhdanova ◽  
Yulia O. Zaitseva ◽  
Anastasiia S. Demidova
Keyword(s):  
Milk Protein ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Formula One ◽  
Cow’S Milk Protein ◽  
Hydrolyzed Formula

Well-recognized tactic for the management of formula-fed children with cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) is exclusion of whole cow milk protein and its replacement with extensively hydrolyzed or amino acid formula. One of the most topical issue is the choice of therapeutic formula for a child with CMPA. This article presents information about the clinical manifestations of CMPA and describes the principles of nutrition therapy. All the stages of preparation of adapted therapeutic formula are discussed in detail. It has been shown that the choice of therapeutic formula for a child with CMPA depends on the disease clinical manifestations, their severity, and the presence of comorbid conditions. Current requirements for extensively hydrolyzed formula are reduced to limitations in the size of peptides with immunoreactive properties and indicate the need for evidence of the clinical efficacy of such formula in double-blind placebo-controlled studies.

scholarly journals Assessment of IgE-Mediated and Non-IgE-Mediated Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy in Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-131
Author(s):  
Balasa Adriana ◽  
Mihai Cristina ◽  
Pruna Irina ◽  
Chisnoiu Tatiana ◽  
Daineanu Diana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
Cow’S Milk Protein

Abstract Cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) is the most common food allergy found in children under 3 years of age. In most cases, it occurs in infancy. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can decrease the risk of impaired growth. In our study, we evaluated 40 children, with ages between 1 month and 3 years, diagnosed with IgE-mediated or non-IgE-mediated CMPA, from january to december 2017, in the Department of Pediatrics of the Clinical Emergency County Hospital of Constanta. The inclusion criteria consisted of: age, natural or artificial feeding, specific IgE levels, CoMiSS score, and clinical manifestations. The Cow’s Milk-related-Symptom-Score (CoMiSS) was developed as a screening and diagnostic tool for CMPA prediction, and can guide pediatricians and primary care physicians to make an early diagnostic, as it can be easily missed. We observed a higher number of cases of CMPA registered among children who were artificially fed (57,5%), followed by those with mixed nutrition (25%), the remaining (17,5%) being represented by exclusively breastfed infants. The most frequent clinical manifestations were rashes (87,5%), failure to thrive (82,5%), regurgitation (50%) and diarrhea (35%). Further data should be collected to prove if the association between a CoMiSS score higher than 12 and specific IgE-mediated CMPA is clinically relevant, and can predict, based on clinical examination and anamnesis, high serum levels of specific immunoglobulin E. The prognosis can depend on the titre of specific IgE at the time of diagnosis, as they are more likely to develop several crossed allergies and less prone to become tolerant to cow milk proteins than those with non-IgE-mediated CMPA.

Cow's milk protein allergy

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Team DFTB
Keyword(s):  
Milk Protein ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Cow’S Milk Protein

scholarly journals O5 The prevalence of cow’s milk protein allergy in infants with gastroschisis and intestinal failure type 2 and 3

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornilia Nikaki ◽  
Tracey Johnson ◽  
Haidee Norton ◽  
Gabis Chana ◽  
Amrita Garcha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Protein ◽  
Intestinal Failure ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Failure Type ◽  
Cow’S Milk Protein

scholarly journals A2 Bovine Milk and Caprine Milk as a Means of Remedy for Milk Protein Allergy

Dairy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-201
Author(s):  
Young W. Park ◽  
George F. W. Haenlein
Keyword(s):  
Milk Protein ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Caprine Milk ◽  
Low Levels

A new type of cow’s milk, called A2 milk, has appeared in the dairy aisles of supermarkets in recent years. Cows’ milk generally contains two major types of beta-casein as A1 and A2 types, although there are 13 genetic variants of β-casein: A1, A2, A3, A4, B, C, D, E, F, H1, H2, I and G. Studies have shown that A1 β-casein may be harmful, and A2 β-casein is a safer choice for human health especially in infant nutrition and health. The A2 cow milk is reportedly easier to digest and better absorb than A1 or other types of milk. The structure of A2 cow’s milk protein is more comparable to human breast milk, as well as milk from goats, sheep and buffalo. Digestion of A1 type milk produces a peptide called β-casomorphin-7 (BCM-7), which is implicated with adverse gastrointestinal effects on milk consumption. In addition, bovine milk contains predominantly αs1-casein and low levels or even absent in αs2-casein, whereby caprine milk has been recommended as an ideal substitute for patients suffering from allergies against cow milk protein or other food sources. Since goat milk contains relatively low levels of αs1-casein or negligible its content, and αs2-casein levels are high in the milk of most dairy goat breeds, it is logical to assume that children with a high milk sensitivity to αs1-casein should tolerate goat milk well. Cow milk protein allergy (CMPA) is considered a common milk digestive and metabolic disorder or allergic disease with various levels of prevalence from 2.5% in children during the first 3 years of life to 12–30% in infants less than 3 months old, and it can go up to even as high as 20% in some countries. CMPA is an IgE-mediated allergy where the body starts to produce IgE antibodies against certain protein (allergens) such as A1 milk and αs1-casein in bovine milk. Studies have shown that ingestion of β-casein A1 milk can cause ischemic heart disease, type-1 diabetes, arteriosclerosis, sudden infant death syndrome, autism, schizophrenia, etc. The knowledge of bovine A2 milk and caprine αs2-casein has been utilized to rescue CMPA patients and other potential disease problems. This knowledge has been genetically applied to milk production in cows or goats or even whole herds of the two species. This practice has happened in California and Ohio, as well as in New Zealand, where this A2 cow milk has been now advanced commercially. In the USA, there have been even promotions of bulls, whose daughters have been tested homozygous for the A2 β-casein protein.

scholarly journals Fecal Calprotectin and Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin in Children with Non-IgE-Mediated Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1595
Author(s):  
María Roca ◽  
Ester Donat ◽  
Ana Rodriguez Varela ◽  
Eva Carvajal ◽  
Francisco Cano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Protein ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Fecal Calprotectin ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
Cow’S Milk Protein

Our aim is to assess the efficacy of fecal calprotectin (fCP) and fecal eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (fEDN) as diagnostic markers of cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) and for monitoring the infants’ response to a non-IgE mediated cow’s milk protein (CMP)-free diet. We prospectively recruited infants aged 0 to 9 months. Stool samples were taken from 30 infants with CMPA, 19 with mild functional gastrointestinal disorders, 28 healthy infants, and 28 children who presented mild infections. Despite the fact that levels of fCP and fEDN in CMPA infants were higher than in healthy infants at month 0, differences for both parameters did not reach statistical significance (p-value 0.119 and 0.506). After 1 month of an elimination diet, no statistically significant differences in fCP with basal levels were found (p-values 0.184) in the CMPA group. We found a high variability in the fCP and fEDN levels of young infants, and discrepancies in individual behavior of these markers after a CMP-free diet was started. It seems that neither fCP nor fEDN levels are helpful to discriminate between healthy infants and those with signs or symptoms related to non-IgE-mediated CMPA. Additionally, it is debatable if on an individual basis, fCP or fEDN levels could be used for clinical follow-up and dietary compliance monitoring. However, prospective studies with larger populations are needed to draw robust conclusions.

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