Symbiotic effectiveness of Bradyrhizobium japonicum in acid soils can be predicted from their sensitivity to acid soil stress factors in acidic agar media

Drought and soil acidity are two major abiotic stress factors limiting maize production worldwide, generating imbalances in the manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) status in plants. This study was conducted to determine the effects of drought stress on the Mn and Zn status in maize genotypes grown on acid and non-acid soils and how the Mn and Zn status affects the changes in grain yield caused by drought stress and soil acidity. Seventeen genotypes were grown at two locations differing in soil acidity in Eastern Croatia in 2003 and 2004. Positive values of an aridity index indicated drought stress in 2003. The genotypes had much higher Mn and Zn concentrations on acid soil than on nonacid soil: more than twice as high in both seasons for Zn and about 6 and 9 times higher in normal and in dry seasons, respectively, for Mn. This demonstrates that drought combined with soil acidity led to the excessive accumulation of Mn in maize plants. However, variation was observed between the maize genotypes for the Mn accumulation on soils differing in acidity when drought occurred. Some genotypes accumulated Mn on acid soil irrespective of drought. The Mn and Zn status had no discernible effect on the changes in grain yield caused by drought stress and/or soil acidity.

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Tolerancia a suelos ácidos en poblaciones tropicales de maíz del CIMMYT

Agronomía Mesoamericana ◽

10.15517/am.v5i0.25070 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 96

Author(s):

H. Ceballos ◽

S. Pandey ◽

E. B. Knapp ◽

J. V. Duque

Keyword(s):

Recurrent Selection ◽

Acid Soil ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Selection Scheme ◽

Maize Populations ◽

Soil Stress ◽

High Heritability ◽

Normal Soil ◽

Comparative Trials ◽

Plot Design

Currently, five tropical maize populations from CIMMYT are being bred for tolerance to acid soils through a full-sib recurrent selection scheme. Three cycles of selection from each population were evaluated in a split-plot design, with a varied number of replications under five environments (with normal soils, and the remaining four with varying degrees of soil stress). The observed genetic gains from these populations were highly significant: 4.72 % per cycle at all environments, 4.90% per cycle in acid soil environments (LSA), and 4.21 % per cycle for the normal soil location (LNA). The results suggest adequate genetic variability and high heritability for tolerance to soil acidity. In comparative trials, these populations yielded an average of 2.29 and 6.25 t/ha in the three LSA and two LNA environments, respectively. Under the same environments, the controls used (Tuxpeño, Pool 26 and Suwan-1) yielded an average of 1.28 and 5.56 t/ha.

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Evaluation of native Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae of pea plants (Pisum sativum L.) for nodulation efficiency and yield promotion in lentil crop (Lens culnaris Medik.) under acid soil

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-4001 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Christy . ◽

B. K. Sangma ◽

Dwipendra Thakuria

Keyword(s):

Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽

Reference Strain ◽

Acid Soil ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Pisum Sativum L ◽

Rhizobium Strains ◽

Yeast Extract Mannitol ◽

Agar Media ◽

Leguminous Crops

Most leguminous crops including lentil require neutral to slightly acidic range of soil pH for favourable nodulation and nitrogen fixation. The quest for acid soil compatible Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae strain is important for promotion of lentil crop under rice-lentil rotation in acid soil regions. In this investigation, native R. leguminosarum strains were isolated from the nodules of pea plants grown in pots using acid soil and isolated native Rhizobium strains were confirmed on CRYEMA (congo red Yeast Extract Mannitol Agar) media. Four native R. leguminosarum strains (NR1, NR2, NR3 and NR4) obtained from four acid soil types were further screened for nodulation efficiency and yield attributes of lentil crop against a reference exotic strain R. leguminosarum CK1 (ER). The results indicated that the performance of native Rhizobium strain (NR2) was the best among native isolates and performed on par with the reference strain (CK1) in acid soils of Meghalaya.

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Aplikasi Bradyrhizobium japonicum DAN Aeromonas salmonicida Pada Penanaman Kedelai Di Tanah Asam Dalam Percobaan Rumah Kaca

BIOTIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Teknologi dan Kependidikan ◽

10.22373/biotik.v2i1.229 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 10

Author(s):

Sonya Tobing ◽

Nisa Rachmania ◽

Triadiati Triadiati

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽

Acid Soil ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽

Root Weight ◽

Group Treatments ◽

Productive Land ◽

Biological Fertilizer ◽

Phosphate Solubilizer

Kedelai (Glycine max) merupakan salah satu tanaman pangan yang dibudidayakan. Kebutuhan kedelai yang selalu meningkat setiap tahun mendorong usaha peningkatan terhadap produksi kedelai. Upaya peningkatan produksi dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan pupuk hayati dan memanfaatkan lahan yang kurang produktif di Indonesia. Pupuk hayati yang digunakan mengandung isolat Bradyrhizobium japonicum sebagai penambat nitrogen dan Aeromonas salmonicida sebagai pelarut fosfat. Isolat yang terdapat dalam pupuk hayati diharapkan dapat membantu pertumbuhan kedelai di tanah asam dengan menyediakan unsur nitrogen dan fosfat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk hayati yang terdiri atas B. japonicum (BJ 11 wt) dan A. salmonicida pada penanaman kedelai di tanah asam. Tanaman percobaan dibuat dalam empat kelompok, yaitu dengan inokulasi Isolat BJ 11 (wt), PP, BJ 11 ditambah dengan PP, dan tanpa inokulasi (kontrol). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi B. japonicum dan A. salmonicida cenderung dapat meningkatkan laju pertumbuhan tanaman, jumlah daun, dan bobot kering akar. Kata Kunci: Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Aeromonas salmonicid, Tanah Masam dan Kedelai Soybean (Glycine max) is one of cultivated food crops. Since the need of soybean is always increased every year, it needs some efforts to improve soybean production. One of the steps can be done is by using biofertilizer in a less productive land such as acid soil. Biofertilizer that used in this study consist of Bradyrhizobium japonicum as nitrogen fixation and Aeromonas salmonicida as phosphate solubilizer bacteria (PP). Isolates contained in the biological fertilizer is expected to help the growth of soybean in acid soils by providing elements of nitrogen and phosphate. The aim of this research was to know the effect of using biofertilizer consisted of B. japonicum (BJ 11 wt) and A. salmonicida (PP) to soybean growth in acid soils. The experiment was arranged with four group treatments that were inoculation with BJ 11 (wt), PP, BJ 11 plus PP, and without inoculation (as control). The results showed that the application of B. japonicum and A. salmonicida as inoculant mixture tend to increase plant growth, leaf number, and dry root weight. Keywords: Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Aeromonas salmonicid, Acid Soil and Soybean

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SCREENING OF SESBANIA FOR TOLERANCE TO ALUMINUM TOXICITY AND SYMBIOTIC EFFECTIVENESS WITH ACID TOLERANT RHIZOBIA STRAINS IN ACID SOIL IN WESTERN KENYA

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479709990044 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 417-427 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. O. GUDU ◽

P. O. KISINYO ◽

E. T. MAKATIANI ◽

D. W ODEE ◽

J. F. O. ESEGU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acid Soil ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Al Toxicity ◽

Symbiotic Effectiveness ◽

N Content ◽

P Deficiency ◽

P Use Efficiency ◽

P Content ◽

Acid Tolerant ◽

Use Efficiency

SUMMARYNitrogen fixation by leguminous trees such as sesbania (Sesbania sesban) in acid soils is limited by aluminium (Al) toxicity and phosphorus (P) deficiency. We screened 214 East African sesbania accessions for Al toxicity tolerance, P use efficiency and sesbania–rhizobia symbiosis. Aluminium toxicity tolerance or sensitivity was measured by the relative root elongation index. Highly Al tolerant and sensitive accessions were screened for P use efficiency. Highly P use efficient and Al sensitive accessions were assessed for symbiotic effectiveness with acid tolerant rhizobia. Eighty-eight per cent of the accessions were Al toxicity tolerant. High Al levels reduced shoot P content by 88% and total dry matter (TDM) by 83%. P addition increased shoot P content and TDM. Rhizobia inoculation increased nodulation by 28–82%, shoot N content by 28–45% and TDM by 15–34% in the low rhizobia density acid soil of Bumala, Kenya. P use efficient accessions had higher nodulation, shoot N content and TDM in the ranges 32–70, 20–52 and 22–36%, respectively, compared to sensitive genotypes. The combination of sesbania accession (SSUG10) and rhizobia strain ASs48 was superior in shoot N accumulation. Inoculation of P use efficient germplasm with acid tolerant rhizobia can improve N-rich biomass accumulation suitable for N replenishment in acid soils.

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AN ASSESSMENT OF THE SOIL ACIDITY PROBLEM IN ALBERTA AND NORTHEASTERN BRITISH COLUMBIA

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss77-020 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 157-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

D. C. PENNEY ◽

M. NYBORG ◽

P. B. HOYT ◽

W. A. RICE ◽

B. SIEMENS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Soil Acidity ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Acid Soil ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Red Clover ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Crop Species

The amount of cultivated acid soil in Alberta and northeastern British Columbia was estimated from pH values of farm samples analyzed by the Alberta Soil Testing Laboratory, and the effect of soil acidity on crops was assessed from field experiments on 28 typical acid soils. The field experiments consisted of two cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and one cultivar each of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grown with and without lime for 2 yr. There are about 30,000 ha of soils with a pH of 5.0 or less where soil acidity seriously restricts yields of all four crop species. There are approximately 300,000 ha with a soil pH of 5.1–5.5 where liming will on the average increase yields of alfalfa by 100%, yields of barley by 10–15%, and yields of rapeseed and red clover by 5–10%. There are a further 1,600,000 ha where soil pH ranges from 5.6 to 6.0 and liming will increase yields of alfalfa by approximately 50% and yields of barley, rapeseed and red clover by at least 4–5%.

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Coapplication of Chicken Litter Biochar and Urea Only to Improve Nutrients Use Efficiency and Yield ofOryza sativaL. Cultivation on a Tropical Acid Soil

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2015/943853 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ali Maru ◽

Osumanu Ahmed Haruna ◽

Walter Charles Primus

Keyword(s):

Acid Soil ◽

Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Field Trials ◽

Soil Chemical Properties ◽

Nutrient Use ◽

Chicken Litter ◽

Rice Yields ◽

Use Efficiency

The excessive use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in sustaining high rice yields due to N dynamics in tropical acid soils not only is economically unsustainable but also causes environmental pollution. The objective of this study was to coapply biochar and urea to improve soil chemical properties and productivity of rice. Biochar (5 t ha−1) and different rates of urea (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and 0% of recommended N application) were evaluated in both pot and field trials. Selected soil chemical properties, rice plants growth variables, nutrient use efficiency, and yield were determined using standard procedures. Coapplication of biochar with 100% and 75% urea recommendation rates significantly increased nutrients availability (especially P and K) and their use efficiency in both pot and field trials. These treatments also significantly increased rice growth variables and grain yield. Coapplication of biochar and urea application at 75% of the recommended rate can be used to improve soil chemical properties and productivity and reduce urea use by 25%.

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Preferential nitrate immobilization in alkaline soils

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9920737 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 737 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

IJ Rochester ◽

GA Constable ◽

DA Macleod

Keyword(s):

Acid Soil ◽

Nitrification Inhibitor ◽

Biological Significance ◽

Nitrate Assimilation ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Ammonium Assimilation ◽

Potassium Nitrate ◽

Alkaline Soil ◽

Alkaline Soils ◽

Nitrate Immobilization

The literature pertaining to N immobilization indicates that ammonium is immobilized in preference to nitrate. Our previous research in an alkaline clay soil has indicated substantial immobilization of nitrate. To verify the preference for immobilization of nitrate or ammonium by the microbial biomass in this and other soil types, the immobilization of ammonium and nitrate from applications of ammonium sulfate and potassium nitrate following the addition of cotton crop stubble was monitored in six soils. The preference for ammonium or nitrate immobilization was highly correlated with each soil's pH, C/N ratio and its nitrification capacity. Nitrate was immobilized in preference to ammonium in neutral and alkaline soils; ammonium was preferentially immobilized in acid soils. No assimilation of nitrate (or nitrification) occurred in the most acid soil. Similarly, little assimilation of ammonium occurred in the most alkaline soil. Two physiological pathways, the nitrate assimilation pathway and the ammonium assimilation pathway, appear to operate concurrently; the dominance of one pathway over the other is indicated by soil pH. The addition of a nitrification inhibitor to an alkaline soil enhanced the immobilization of ammonium. Recovery of 15N confirmed that N was not denitrified, but was biologically immobilized. The immobilization of 1 5 ~ and the apparent immobilization of N were similar in magnitude. The identification of preferential nitrate immobilization has profound biological significance for the cycling of N in alkaline soils.

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