Corrigendum to “Assessment of liquid metal technology status and research paths for their use as efficient heat transfer fluids in solar central receiver systems” [Solar Energy 93 (2013) 11–22]

Solar Energy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 827 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pacio ◽  
Th. Wetzel
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluids ◽  
Central Receiver ◽  
Efficient Heat Transfer

scholarly journals Conceptual Study of Central Receiver Systems with Liquid Metals as Efficient Heat Transfer Fluids

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 644-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fritsch ◽  
J. Flesch ◽  
V. Geza ◽  
Cs. Singer ◽  
R. Uhlig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluids ◽  
Central Receiver ◽  
Efficient Heat Transfer ◽  
Conceptual Study

Development of High Temperature Liquid Metal Heat Transfer Fluids for CSP Applications

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopinath R. Warrier ◽  
Y. Sungtaek Ju ◽  
Jan Schroers ◽  
Mark Asta ◽  
Peter Hosemann
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Structural Materials ◽  
Forced Flow ◽  
Oxygen Control ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluids

In response to the DOE Sunshot Initiative to develop low-cost, high efficiency CSP systems, UCLA is leading a multi-university research effort to develop new high temperature heat transfer fluids capable of stable operation at 800°C and above. Due to their operating temperature range, desirable heat transfer properties and very low vapor pressure, liquid metals were chosen as the heat transfer fluid. An overview of the ongoing research effort is presented. Development of new liquid metal coolants begins with identification of suitable candidate metals and their alloys. Initial selection of candidate metals was based on such parameters as melting temperature, cost, toxicity, stability/reactivity Combinatorial sputtering of the down selected candidate metals is used to fabricate large compositional spaces (∼ 800), which are then characterized using high-throughput techniques (e.g., X-ray diffraction). Massively parallel optical methods are used to determine melting temperatures. Thermochemical modeling is also performed concurrently to compliment the experimental efforts and identify candidate multicomponent alloy systems that best match the targeted properties. The modeling effort makes use of available thermodynamic databases, the computational thermodynamic CALPHAD framework and molecular-dynamics simulations of molten alloys. Refinement of available thermodynamics models are performed by comparison with available experimental data. Characterizing corrosion in structural materials such as steels, when using liquid metals, and strategies to mitigate them are an integral part of this study. The corrosion mitigation strategy we have adopted is based on the formation of stable oxide layers on the structural metal surface which prevents further corrosion. As such oxygen control is crucial in such liquid metal systems. Liquid metal enhanced creep and embrittlement in commonly used structural materials are also being investigated. Experiments with oxygen control are ongoing to evaluate what structural materials can be used with liquid metals. Characterization of the heat transfer during forced flow is another key component of the study. Both experiments and modeling efforts have been initiated. Key results from experiments and modeling performed over the last year are highlighted and discussed.

Toxicological assessment of heat transfer fluids proposed for use in solar energy applications

1979 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.R. Clark ◽  
T.C. Marshall ◽  
B.S. Merickel ◽  
A. Sanchez ◽  
D.G. Brownstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluids

Thermal and photochemical studies of solar energy absorbers dissolved in heat transfer fluids

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Burke ◽  
D.E. Etter ◽  
C.R. Hudgens ◽  
C.J. Wiedenheft ◽  
L.J. Wittenberg
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluids ◽  
Energy Absorbers

scholarly journals AL2O3 Nanofluids as Heat Transfer Liquids in Automotives

2014 ◽  
pp. 206-212
Author(s):  
M. YASASWI ◽  
R.V. PRASAD ◽  
T.JAYANDA KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Al2o3 Nanoparticles ◽  
Particle Volume ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluids ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Efficient Heat Transfer

The thermal conductivity of heating or cooling fluids is a very important property in the development of energy efficient heat transfer systems, which is one of the important needs of many industries. However, low thermal conductivity is a primary limitation in developing energy-efficient heat transfer fluids that are required for cooling purposes. Nanofluids are nanotechnology-based heat transfer fluids that are engineered by stably dispersing nanometer-sized (below 100nm) solid particles (such as ceramics, metals, alloys, semiconductors, nanotubes, and composite particles) in conventional heat transfer fluids (such as water, oil, diesel, ethylene glycol and mixtures) at relatively low particle volume concentrations. These suspended nanoparticles can change the transport and thermal properties of the base fluid. Adding to ethylene glycol, it has been observed that an enhancement of nearly 36 % with al2o3 nanoparticles and 40% enhancement with copper nanoparticles in the thermal conductivity. This paper focuses on some of the automotive applications such as coolant for automobiles, showcases a few of them that are believed to have the highest probability of success in this highly competitive industry and to raise the awareness on the promise of nanotechnology, its potential impact on the future of the automotive industry.

Thermophysical Property Measurement of Nitrate Salt Heat Transfer Fluids

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan P. Siegel ◽  
Robert W. Bradshaw ◽  
Joseph B. Cordaro ◽  
Alan M. Kruizenga
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Thermophysical Property ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
System Level ◽  
Nitrate Salt ◽  
Parabolic Trough ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluids ◽  
Central Receiver ◽  
Salt Mixtures

Nitrate salts have been used for decades in the concentrating solar power industry as heat transfer fluids and thermal storage media. For most of this time these inorganic fluids have been restricted to use in central receiver platforms due to the useful working temperature range of the most widely researched formulation, a near eutectic mixture of sodium and potassium nitrate, which melts at 220°C and is stable in air to nearly 580°C. Recent research efforts have led to the development of nitrate salt mixtures that melt at lower temperatures and are suitable for use in parabolic trough systems. These mixtures include three or more components and generally have melting points in the range of 100°C, with stability in air up to 500°C. The design of parabolic trough systems that utilize molten salt heat transfer fluids is complicated by the fact that the properties of these fluids are considerably different from the organic heat transfer fluids that they may replace. In this paper we present measured thermophysical property data for several commercial and non-commercial molten salt mixtures that can be used in the system level design of parabolic trough and central receiver power plants. The data presented include heat capacity, density, thermal conductivity, viscosity, all as a function of temperature, along with melting point and thermal stability limits. Some properties, such as density, can be predicted by simple mixing rules. The dependence of viscosity was strongly influenced by the composition of the molten salts and, particularly, the proportion of calcium nitrate.

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