scholarly journals Intramuscular lipid concentration increased in localized regions of the lumbar muscles following 60-day bedrest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico De Martino ◽  
Julie Hides ◽  
James M. Elliott ◽  
Mark A. Hoggarth ◽  
Jochen Zange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Concentration ◽  
Intramuscular Lipid

scholarly journals Gluteal Muscle Atrophy and Increased Intramuscular Lipid Concentration Are Not Mitigated by Daily Artificial Gravity Following 60-Day Head-Down Tilt Bed Rest

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vienna Tran ◽  
Enrico De Martino ◽  
Julie Hides ◽  
Gordon Cable ◽  
James M. Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hip Joint ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Artificial Gravity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Joint Stability ◽  
Lipid Concentration ◽  
Gluteal Muscle ◽  
Intramuscular Lipid

Exposure to spaceflight and head-down tilt (HDT) bed rest leads to decreases in the mass of the gluteal muscle. Preliminary results have suggested that interventions, such as artificial gravity (AG), can partially mitigate some of the physiological adaptations induced by HDT bed rest. However, its effect on the gluteal muscles is currently unknown. This study investigated the effects of daily AG on the gluteal muscles during 60-day HDT bed rest. Twenty-four healthy individuals participated in the study: eight received 30 min of continuous AG; eight received 6 × 5 min of AG, interspersed with rest periods; eight belonged to a control group. T1-weighted Dixon magnetic resonance imaging of the hip region was conducted at baseline and day 59 of HDT bed rest to establish changes in volumes and intramuscular lipid concentration (ILC). Results showed that, across groups, muscle volumes decreased by 9.2% for gluteus maximus (GMAX), 8.0% for gluteus medius (GMED), and 10.5% for gluteus minimus after 59-day HDT bed rest (all p < 0.005). The ILC increased by 1.3% for GMAX and 0.5% for GMED (both p < 0.05). Neither of the AG protocols mitigated deconditioning of the gluteal muscles. Whereas all gluteal muscles atrophied, the ratio of lipids to intramuscular water increased only in GMAX and GMED muscles. These changes could impair the function of the hip joint and increased the risk of falls. The deconditioning of the gluteal muscles in space may negatively impact the hip joint stability of astronauts when reexpose to terrestrial gravity.

scholarly journals Lumbar muscle atrophy and increased relative intramuscular lipid concentration are not mitigated by daily artificial gravity after 60-day head-down tilt bedrest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico De Martino ◽  
Julie Hides ◽  
James M. Elliott ◽  
Mark Hoggarth ◽  
Jochen Zange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Artificial Gravity ◽  
Lipid Concentration ◽  
Muscle Composition ◽  
Disc Area ◽  
Intramuscular Lipid ◽  
Water Ratio

Exposure to axial unloading induces adaptations in paraspinal muscles, as shown after spaceflights. This study investigated whether daily exposure to artificial gravity (AG) mitigated lumbar spine flattening and muscle atrophy associated with 60-day head-down tilt (HDT) bed rest (Earth-based space analogue). Twenty-four healthy individuals participated in the study: Eight received 30 minutes continuous AG; eight received 6x5 minutes AG, interspersed with rest periods; eight received no AG exposure (control group). Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the lumbopelvic region was conducted at baseline (BDC) and at day 59 of HDT (HDT59). T1-weighted images were used to assess morphology of the lumbar spine (spinal length, intervertebral disc angles, disc area) and volumes of the lumbar multifidus (LM), lumbar erector spinae (LES), quadratus lumborum (QL), and psoas major (PM) muscles from L1/L2 to L5/S1 vertebral levels. A chemical shift-based 2‐point lipid/water Dixon sequence was used to evaluate muscle composition. Results showed that: spinal length and disc area increased (P<0.05); intervertebral disc angles (P<0.05) and muscle volumes of LM, LES, and QL reduced (P<0.01); and fat/water ratio for the LM and LES muscles increased (P<0.01) after HDT59 in all groups. Neither of the AG protocols mitigated the lumbar spinal deconditioning induced by HDT bed rest. The increase in lipid/water ratio in LM and LES muscles indicates an increased relative intramuscular lipid concentration. Altered muscle composition in atrophied muscles may impair lumbar spine function after body unloading, which could increase injury risk to vulnerable soft tissues. This relationship needs further investigation.

Evaluation of the specific effects of intranasal glucagon on glucose production and lipid concentration in healthy men during a pancreatic clamp

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satya Dash ◽  
Changting Xiao ◽  
Priska Stahel ◽  
Khajag Koulajian ◽  
Adria Giacca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Production ◽  
Lipid Concentration ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Specific Effects

scholarly journals Associations of emotional state and quality of life with lipid concentration, duration of the disease, and the way of treating the disease in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Medicina ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Lašaitė ◽  
Jūratė Lašienė ◽  
Gintautas Kazanavičius ◽  
Antanas Goštautas
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Lipid Concentration ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Anxiety Depression

The aim of the study was to evaluate associations of emotional state and quality of life with lipid concentration, duration of the disease, and the way of treating the disease in males and females with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 53 persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (27 males and 26 females; mean age, 58.7±8.9 years) and 56 healthy persons (26 males and 30 females; mean age, 54.7±8.3 years) participated in the study. Emotional state was evaluated by means of Profile of Mood State and quality of life by means of WHO Brief Quality of Life Questionnaire. Emotional state and quality of life were significantly worse, tension-anxiety and fatigue-inertia were significantly higher, vigor-activity was significantly lower in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus than in healthy males. In females, no significant differences in emotional state and quality of life comparing type 2 diabetes mellitus group and controls were detected. In females with type 2 diabetes mellitus, emotional state and quality of life were significantly better, scores of tension-anxiety, depression dejection, anger-hostility, and fatigue-inertia were significantly lower, and score of vigor-activity was significantly higher than in males with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Some significant correlations were found. In males, vigor-activity correlated with total cholesterol level and negatively correlated with triglyceride level. In females, significant correlations were found between scores of emotional state (tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, confusion-bewilderment, and total score of emotional state) and lipid levels (total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels). There were no significant associations of emotional state and quality of life with duration of the disease in males and females with type 2 diabetes mellitus. No significant differences in emotional state and quality of life were found between males and females with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who were treated with oral antidiabetic preparations and insulin preparations.

scholarly journals Intramuscular Lipid Metabolism in the Insulin Resistance of Smoking

Diabetes ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 2220-2227 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Bergman ◽  
L. Perreault ◽  
D. M. Hunerdosse ◽  
M. C. Koehler ◽  
A. M. Samek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Intramuscular Lipid

Formation mechanism of self-assembled unilamellar vesiclesSpecial issue on Neutron Scattering in Canada

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 735-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mu-Ping Nieh ◽  
Norbert Kučerka ◽  
John Katsaras
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Hydrocarbon Chain ◽  
Lipid Concentration ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Lipid Mixtures ◽  
Hydrocarbon Chain Length ◽  
Membrane Rigidity ◽  
Self Assembled ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Sans Data

Uniform size self-assembled unilamellar vesicles (ULVs) can be produced from mixtures of weakly charged short- and long-chain phospholipids. These lipid mixtures self-assemble into bilayered micelles (so-called bicelles), and a bicelle to ULV transition has been previously reported. Here, we discuss the effect of various parameters (i.e., lipid concentration, charge density, membrane rigidity, lipid composition, and lipid hydrocarbon chain length) on ULV radius as determined by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). SANS data were best fit using a core-shell disk and a spherical-shell model to obtain the size of bicelles and ULVs, respectively. From the present experiments we conclude that a previously proposed mechanism of ULV formation, where bicelles coalesce into large precursor and self-fold into ULVs, is able to explain the present SANS data.

scholarly journals Saturated fat-rich diet increases fetal lipids and modulates LPL and leptin receptor expression in rat placentas

2013 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
M B Mazzucco ◽  
R Higa ◽  
E Capobianco ◽  
M Kurtz ◽  
A Jawerbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Lipid Concentration ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Liver Lipid Concentration ◽  
Leptin Expression ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Metabolic alterations in obese and overweight mothers impact the placenta and the fetus, leading to anomalies in fetal growth and lipid accretion. The primary aim of the study was to examine the effect of a saturated fat-rich diet (FD) on growth, lipid accretion, and lipases, leptin and leptin receptor (ObR) expression in the placenta and fetal liver. We also aimed to find a role for fetal leptin in the modulation of placental and fetal liver lipase and ObR expression. Six-week-old rats were fed with a standard rat chow (control) or a 25% FD for 7 weeks until mating and during pregnancy. Also, in a group of control rats, fetuses were injected with leptin on days 19, 20, and 21 of pregnancy. On day 21, we assessed lipidemia, insulinemia, and leptinemia in mothers and fetuses. In the placenta and fetal liver, lipid concentration was assessed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and the gene expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), endothelial lipase, insulin receptor (Insr), leptin, and ObR by RT-PCR. The FD induced hypertriglyceridemia and hyperleptinemia (P<0.01) in mothers and fetuses, an increase in maternal (P<0.05) and fetal weight (P<0.01), overaccumulation of lipids in fetal liver (P<0.01), and enhanced leptin expression in the placenta and fetal liver (P<0.05). Placental expression of IR and LPL was increased (P<0.05), and ObR decreased (P<0.05) in the FD group. Fetal administration of leptin induced the placental and fetal liver downregulation of ObR (P<0.05) and upregulation of LPL expression (P<0.05). The FD led to increased fetal lipid levels, which may result from high maternal lipid availability and fetal leptin effects.

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