In vitro production of cattle×buffalo hybrid embryos using cattle oocytes and African buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer) epididymal sperm

2009 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 884-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.D. Owiny ◽  
D.M. Barry ◽  
M. Agaba ◽  
R.A. Godke
Keyword(s):  
African Buffalo ◽  
Syncerus Caffer ◽  
Epididymal Sperm ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Vitro Production

In-vitro production of african buffalo (Syncerus caffer) embryos derived from follicular oocytes and epididymal sperm

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 322 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Shaw ◽  
A. Kidson ◽  
J.O. van Schalkwyk ◽  
P. Bartels ◽  
N.M. Loskutoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Buffalo ◽  
Syncerus Caffer ◽  
Epididymal Sperm ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Vitro Production

248 IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF CATTLE × BUFFALO HYBRID EMBRYOS USING BOVINE OOCYTES AND AFRICAN BUFFALO (SYNCERUS CAFFER CAFFER) EPIDIDYMAL SPERM

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
O. D. Owiny ◽  
D. M. Barry ◽  
M. Agaba ◽  
R. A. Godke
Keyword(s):  
Bison Bison ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
African Buffalo ◽  
Syncerus Caffer ◽  
Epididymal Sperm ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Cleavage Rate ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Bovine Oocytes

Interspecies hybridization of bovids occurs between domestic cattle and at least 3 other species: the American bison (Bison bison), yak (Bos grunniens), and banteng (Bos banteng). Birth of a cattle � buffalo hybrid was reported in Russia, but the report was never authenticated. Such hybrids could be important in improving livestock production and managing diseases that impede production in tropical Africa. We investigated hybridization between cattle and their closest African wild relative, the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer). In an attempt to produce pre-implantation cattle � buffalo hybrid embryos in vitro, matured bovine oocytes were subjected to a standard IVF procedure with either homologous (n = 1166 oocytes) or heterologous (n = 1202 oocytes) buffalo epididymal sperm. After IVF, 67.2% of the oocytes inseminated with homologous sperm cleaved. In contrast, insemination with buffalo sperm resulted in a 4.6% cleavage rate. Cleavage was also slower in hybrids than in cattle embryos. Up to 52.2% of cleaved homologous embryos progressed to the morula stage compared with 12.7% for hybrids. No hybrid embryos developed beyond the 16-cell stage, whereas 40.1% of the cleaved bovine embryos developed to the blastocyst stage. Developmental anomalies such as polyspermy, uneven cleavage, vacuolization, and absence of nuclei in some blastomeres were common in the hybrid embryos. We conclude that interspecies fertilization of cattle oocytes with African buffalo sperm occurs in vitro and that the barrier to hybridization is in the early stages of embryonic development. Also, chromosomal disparity is the likely cause of fertilization abnormalities, abnormal development, and subsequent arrest, impairing the formation of pre-implantation hybrid embryos. Investigation into developmental abnormalities, including reciprocal hybridization and genetic studies of the hybrid embryos, are recommended.

130 In Vitro Production of Hybrid Desert Bighorn×Domestic Sheep Embryos Using Frozen–Thawed Epididymal Semen from a Hunter-Harvested Ram

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
M. G. Licea ◽  
J. E. H. Pichardo ◽  
J. L. Rodríguez ◽  
A. García-Contreras ◽  
B. C. Rosales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Bighorn Sheep ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Epididymal Sperm ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Desert Bighorn Sheep ◽  
Vitro Production

Although considered a species of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature red list, the Desert Bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) is listed in Appendix II of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) in Mexico, due to population size and the lack of protected areas. Postmortem epididymal sperm collected from a hunter-harvested Desert Bighorn sheep ram in Mexico, with an unofficial Safari Club International score of 197 2/8 and an estimated 5.5 years old, were used to evaluate the in vitro production (IVP) of embryos using postmortem-collected ram sperm. Testicles with epididymides were placed in the refrigerator ~45 min after harvest. Sperm were extracted from each epididymis and assessed separately for total motility (TM), progressive motility (PM), and membrane integrity using a phase contrast microscope. The sperm suspension was obtained from the distal end of both epididymides and cryopreserved 12 h postmortem using triladyl with egg yolk. Membrane integrity and morphology were evaluated using Eosin-Nigrosin stain. Sperm DNA fragmentation was analysed using the Halomax kit (Halosperm SL, Madrid, Spain) with fluorescence microscopy. Centrifugation with density gradient PureSperm (Nidacon International, Mölndal, Sweden) was used to remove dead sperm and debris before IVF. Ovaries were collected from Domestic sheep (Ovis aries) at a local slaughterhouse. The maturation medium was TCM-199 with Earle’s salts and a modified Tris-buffered medium was used for fertilization. Frozen straws of sperm from the Desert Bighorn ram were thawed for 45 s at 37°C. Sperm were diluted with modified Tween medium B with milk powder (mTBM) to a final concentration of 5 × 106 cells mL−1. The gametes were co-incubated for 18 h under previously described conditions. The cumulus cells were mechanically removed from zygotes and grown using a co-culture with granulosa cells in sequential media SOF1-SOF2. With regard to sperm collection, epididymis 1 produced 29 straws of sperm (0.25 mL, 136 × 106 sperm mL−1) and epididymis 2 produced 32 straws of sperm (0.25 mL, 68 × 106 sperm mL−1). The sperm sample used for IVF had TM of 60% and PM of 30%. Live dead staining of fresh sperm showed 68% live (i.e. intact cell membranes) and 28% post-thaw. Regarding DNA integrity, only 2% of sperm had DNA fragmentation at 0 h. Of 15 Grade 1 oocytes used for IVF, 4 cleaved (27%), with 1 developing to blastocyst stage (25%). The results show that frozen–thawed epididymal sperm collected from a recently deceased Desert Bighorn ram can provide a valuable source of sperm for IVP of embryos. These results also provide new information on Desert Bighorn sheep reproductive parameters for use in health assessment, or reproduction and conservation management through gene banking and assisted reproductive techniques.

THE IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF ANDROGENS BY FOLLICULAR TISSUE OF RABBITS

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Gospodarowicz
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Vitro Production

ABSTRACT Incubation in vitro of rabbit follicles in separate experiments with dehydroepiandrosterone-14C (DHEA-14C), progesterone-14C and pregnenolone-3H in the presence of FSH gave the following results: 39 % of the radioactivity of DHEA-14C is converted to androstenedione and testosterone, while only 3 % of the radioactivity of either progesterone-14C or pregnenolone-3H is found in the androgen fraction. From the ratio of testosterone to androstenedione formed from the three precursors, the results are interpreted to mean that DHEA and pregnenolone, and not progesterone, are precursors of androgens in the follicle.

Oxygenation of 18-hydroxycorticosterone as the final reaction for aldosterone biosynthesis

1984 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itaru Kojima ◽  
Etsuro Ogata ◽  
Hiroshi Inano ◽  
Bun-ichi Tamaoki
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Mitochondrial Preparation ◽  
Final Reaction ◽  
Vitro Production ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

Abstract. Incubation of 18-hydroxycorticosterone with the sonicated mitochondrial preparation of bovine adrenal glomerulosa tissue leads to the production of aldosterone, as measured by radioimmunoassay. The in vitro production of aldosterone from 18-hydroxycorticosterone requires both molecular oxygen and NADPH, and is inhibited by carbon monoxide. Cytochrome P-450 inhibitors such as metyrapone, SU 8000. SU 10603, SKF 525A, amphenone B and spironolactone decrease the biosynthesis of aldosterone from 18-hydroxycorticosterone. These results support the conclusion that the final reaction in aldosterone synthesis from 18-hydroxycorticosterone is catalyzed by an oxygenase, but not by 18-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. By the same preparation, the production of [3H]aldosterone but not [3H]18-hydroxycorticosterone from [1,2-3H ]corticosterone is decreased in a dose-dependent manner by addition of non-radioactive 18-hydroxycorticosterone.

scholarly journals Nano-Elicitation as an Effective and Emerging Strategy for In Vitro Production of Industrially Important Flavonoids

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1694
Author(s):  
Amna Komal Khan ◽  
Sidra Kousar ◽  
Duangjai Tungmunnithum ◽  
Christophe Hano ◽  
Bilal Haider Abbasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Market ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Defense System ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Metallic Oxide ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Over Exploitation ◽  
Vitro Production

Flavonoids represent a popular class of industrially important bioactive compounds. They possess valuable health-benefiting and disease preventing properties, and therefore they are an important component of the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetical and medicinal industries. Moreover, flavonoids possess significant antiallergic, antihepatotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, and antibacterial as well as cardio-protective activities. Due to these properties, there is a rise in global demand for flavonoids, forming a significant part of the world market. However, obtaining flavonoids directly from plants has some limitations, such as low quantity, poor extraction, over-exploitation, time consuming process and loss of flora. Henceforth, there is a shift towards the in vitro production of flavonoids using the plant tissue culture technique to achieve better yields in less time. In order to achieve the productivity of flavonoids at an industrially competitive level, elicitation is a useful tool. The elicitation of in vitro cultures induces stressful conditions to plants, activates the plant defense system and enhances the accumulation of secondary metabolites in higher quantities. In this regard, nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as novel and effective elicitors for enhancing the in vitro production of industrially important flavonoids. Different classes of NPs, including metallic NPs (silver and copper), metallic oxide NPs (copper oxide, iron oxide, zinc oxide, silicon dioxide) and carbon nanotubes, are widely reported as nano-elicitors of flavonoids discussed herein. Lastly, the mechanisms of NPs as well as knowledge gaps in the area of the nano-elicitation of flavonoids have been highlighted in this review.

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