Multidrug-Resistance 1 Gene Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Do Not Influence Long-Term Graft Survival After Kidney Transplantation

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 2214-2219 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Saracino ◽  
N. Muscaridola ◽  
R.A. Cifarelli ◽  
G. Stallone ◽  
G. Grandaliano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Graft Survival ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Multidrug Resistance 1 Gene

scholarly journals Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the multidrug resistance 1 gene in Korean epileptics

Seizure ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Ok Kim ◽  
Myeong Kyu Kim ◽  
Young Jong Woo ◽  
Min Cheol Lee ◽  
Jin Hee Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Multidrug Resistance 1 Gene

scholarly journals Functional analysis of nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (ABCC2)

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 506-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandana Megaraj ◽  
Tianyong Zhao ◽  
Christian M. Paumi ◽  
Phillip M. Gerk ◽  
Richard B. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide

scholarly journals Dopaminergic genes are associated with both directed and random exploration

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Gershman ◽  
Bastian Greshake Tzovaras
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Dopaminergic Genes ◽  
High Uncertainty

AbstractIn order to maximize long-term rewards, agents must balance exploitation (choosing the option with the highest payoff) and exploration (gathering information about options that might have higher payoffs). Although the optimal solution to this trade-off is intractable, humans make use of two effective strategies: selectively exploring options with high uncertainty (directed exploration), and increasing the randomness of their choices when they are more uncertain (random exploration). Using a task that independently manipulates these two forms of exploration, we show that single nucleotide polymorphisms related to dopamine are associated with individual differences in exploration strategies. Variation in a gene linked to prefrontal dopamine (COMT) predicted the degree of directed exploration, as well as the overall randomness of responding. Variation in a gene linked to striatal dopamine (DARPP-32) predicted the degree of both directed and random exploration. These findings suggest that dopamine makes multiple contributions to exploration, depending on its afferent target.

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