The current strategies and underlying mechanisms in the control of the vector tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis: implications for future integrated management

2022 ◽  
pp. 101905
Author(s):  
Chuks F. Nwanade ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Sisi Li ◽  
Zhijun Yu ◽  
Jingze Liu
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Vector Tick ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

scholarly journals Verticillium Wilt of Olive and Its Control: What Did We Learn during the Last Decade?

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Montes-Osuna ◽  
Jesús Mercado-Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Soil Biology ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Olive Cultivation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

Verticillium (Verticillium dahliae Kleb.) wilt is one of the most devastating diseases affecting olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. europaea) cultivation. Its effective control strongly relies on integrated management strategies. Olive cultivation systems are experiencing important changes (e.g., high-density orchards, etc.) aiming at improving productivity. The impact of these changes on soil biology and the incidence/severity of olive pests and diseases has not yet been sufficiently evaluated. A comprehensive understanding of the biology of the pathogen and its populations, the epidemiological factors contributing to exacerbating the disease, the underlying mechanisms of tolerance/resistance, and the involvement of the olive-associated microbiota in the tree’s health is needed. This knowledge will be instrumental to developing more effective control measures to confront the disease in regions where the pathogen is present, or to exclude it from V. dahliae-free areas. This review compiles the most recent advances achieved to understand the olive–V. dahliae interaction as well as measures to control the disease. Aspects such as the molecular basis of the host–pathogen interaction, the identification of new biocontrol agents, the implementation of “-omics” approaches to unravel the basis of disease tolerance, and the utilization of remote sensing technology for the early detection of pathogen attacks are highlighted.

scholarly journals Development of Babesia gibsoni in the Hemolymph of the Vector Tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis.

1991 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiichi HIGUCHI ◽  
Sumito SIMOMURA ◽  
Hironobu YOSHIDA ◽  
Fumio HOSHI ◽  
Seiichi KAWAMURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Babesia Gibsoni ◽  
Vector Tick

scholarly journals Observation of kinetes of Babesia ovata in the hemolymph of the vector tick Haemaphysalis longicornis.

1987 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1145-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiichi HIGUCHI ◽  
Naoyuki ITOH ◽  
Seiichi KAWAMURA ◽  
Yoshio YASUDA
Keyword(s):  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Vector Tick ◽  
Babesia Ovata

scholarly journals Multistate Infestation with the Exotic Disease–Vector Tick Haemaphysalis longicornis — United States, August 2017–September 2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (47) ◽  
pp. 1310-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ben Beard ◽  
James Occi ◽  
Denise L. Bonilla ◽  
Andrea M. Egizi ◽  
Dina M. Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Vector Tick

scholarly journals Quantitative PCR-Based Parasite Burden Estimation of Babesia gibsoni in the Vector Tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae), Fed on an Experimentally Infected Dog

2013 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi HATTA ◽  
Makoto MATSUBAYASHI ◽  
Takeharu MIYOSHI ◽  
Md. Khyrul ISLAM ◽  
M. Abdul ALIM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Babesia Gibsoni ◽  
Vector Tick

scholarly journals Babesial Vector Tick Defensin against Babesia sp. Parasites

2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 3633-3640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naotoshi Tsuji ◽  
Badgar Battsetseg ◽  
Damdinsuren Boldbaatar ◽  
Takeharu Miyoshi ◽  
Xuenan Xuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Scorpion Toxins ◽  
Babesia Equi ◽  
Vector Tick ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Primary Vector ◽  
Defense Molecules ◽  
Defensive Mechanism

ABSTRACT Antimicrobial peptides are major components of host innate immunity, a well-conserved, evolutionarily ancient defensive mechanism. Infectious disease-bearing vector ticks are thought to possess specific defense molecules against the transmitted pathogens that have been acquired during their evolution. We found in the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis a novel parasiticidal peptide named longicin that may have evolved from a common ancestral peptide resembling spider and scorpion toxins. H. longicornis is the primary vector for Babesia sp. parasites in Japan. Longicin also displayed bactericidal and fungicidal properties that resemble those of defensin homologues from invertebrates and vertebrates. Longicin showed a remarkable ability to inhibit the proliferation of merozoites, an erythrocyte blood stage of equine Babesia equi, by killing the parasites. Longicin was localized at the surface of the Babesia sp. parasites, as demonstrated by confocal microscopic analysis. In an in vivo experiment, longicin induced significant reduction of parasitemia in animals infected with the zoonotic and murine B. microti. Moreover, RNA interference data demonstrated that endogenous longicin is able to directly kill the canine B. gibsoni, thus indicating that it may play a role in regulating the vectorial capacity in the vector tick H. longicornis. Theoretically, longicin may serve as a model for the development of chemotherapeutic compounds against tick-borne disease organisms.

The limits of human performance

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 11-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Beneke ◽  
Dieter Böning
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Afferent Input ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
As Doping ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Biochemical Research

Human performance, defined by mechanical resistance and distance per time, includes human, task and environmental factors, all interrelated. It requires metabolic energy provided by anaerobic and aerobic metabolic energy sources. These sources have specific limitations in the capacity and rate to provide re-phosphorylation energy, which determines individual ratios of aerobic and anaerobic metabolic power and their sustainability. In healthy athletes, limits to provide and utilize metabolic energy are multifactorial, carefully matched and include a safety margin imposed in order to protect the integrity of the human organism under maximal effort. Perception of afferent input associated with effort leads to conscious or unconscious decisions to modulate or terminate performance; however, the underlying mechanisms of cerebral control are not fully understood. The idea to move borders of performance with the help of biochemicals is two millennia old. Biochemical findings resulted in highly effective substances widely used to increase performance in daily life, during preparation for sport events and during competition, but many of them must be considered as doping and therefore illegal. Supplements and food have ergogenic potential; however, numerous concepts are controversially discussed with respect to legality and particularly evidence in terms of usefulness and risks. The effect of evidence-based nutritional strategies on adaptations in terms of gene and protein expression that occur in skeletal muscle during and after exercise training sessions is widely unknown. Biochemical research is essential for better understanding of the basic mechanisms causing fatigue and the regulation of the dynamic adaptation to physical and mental training.

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