Immunity to Hepatitis-A virus: A nationwide population-based seroprevalence study from Iran

Vaccine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (45) ◽  
pp. 7100-7107
Author(s):  
Kamran Bagheri Lankarani ◽  
Behnam Honarvar ◽  
Hossein Molavi Vardanjani ◽  
Ali Kharmandar ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Gouya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Seroprevalence Study

scholarly journals Hepatitis A Virus Infection and the Waste Handling Industry: A Seroprevalence Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 4498-4503 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Rachiotis ◽  
Dimitrios Papagiannis ◽  
Efthimios Thanasias ◽  
George Dounias ◽  
Christos Hadjichristodoulou
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Seroprevalence Study ◽  
Waste Handling

scholarly journals Prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis A virus among the Kuikuro and Kaiabi Indians of Xingu National Park, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Mindlin Lafer ◽  
Maria Isabel de Moraes-Pinto ◽  
Lily Yin Weckx
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
National Park ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Seroprevalence Study ◽  
West Central ◽  
Central Regions

A seroprevalence study to detect total antibodies against Hepatitis A Virus was done with 220 samples from 589 Native Indians from Xingu National Park, Brazil, in five Kaiabi and Kuikuro villages, the most populous ethnic groups. Using a commercial immunoassay kit we detected 97.7% positive samples (95% Confidence Interval: 95%-99%). We noticed a precocious seroconversion, before the age of six years, when the disease is usually asymptomatic. These results are similar to those found in the literature in non-Indian population studies of the Northern, Northeastern and West Central regions of Brazil. They suggest that it is not necessary to introduce vaccination against Hepatitis A in these highly endemic populations.

scholarly journals Declining trends in Hepatitis A seroprevalence over the past two decades, 1998–2017, in Pune, Western India

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avinash R. Deoshatwar ◽  
Yogesh K Gurav ◽  
Kavita S Lole
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Western India ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Hepatitis Vaccination

Abstract Reduction in seroprevalence of Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is known to be associated with improvements in socioeconomic conditions of the community. National Institute of Virology, Pune has been studying seroprevalence of hepatitis viruses in Pune region over the past four decades. In total, 1438 samples were collected from urban general (UGEN), urban lower socioeconomic stratum (ULSES) and rural (RURAL) populations of the Pune district. Based on estimates in previous studies, subjects were enrolled from age groups ‘6–10’, ‘15–25’ and ‘40 + ’ years. HAV seroprevalence in younger population showed a significant decline. A significant decline in HAV seroprevalence in ‘15–25’ years age group in UGEN (from 85.9% to 73.9%; OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.25–0.86) and RURAL (from 98.6% to 91.4%; OR = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.05–0.45) populations suggested that the trend probably started more than a decade ago. Seroprevalence of HAV among ULSES ‘6–10’ children was found to be significantly higher (70.4%) than that among the RURAL children (44.2%; OR = 3.0, 95%CI: 1.7–5.2) and UGEN children (40.4%; OR = 3.5, 95%CI: 1.8–6.7). In view of increasing rates of urbanisation in India, ULSES population needs special consideration while designing future studies and viral hepatitis vaccination/elimination strategies. Our findings call for robust population-based studies that consider heterogeneity within populations and dynamics of socio-economic parameters in various regions of a country.

scholarly journals The prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis A virus and its determinants in The Netherlands: a population-based survey

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. TERMORSHUIZEN ◽  
J. W. DORIGO-ZETSMA ◽  
H. E. de MELKER ◽  
S. van den HOF ◽  
M. A. E. CONYN-VAN SPAENDONCK
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
World War ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Population Based Survey

The prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis A virus was assessed in a Dutch nationwide sample (n = 7367). A questionnaire was used to study the association with various sociodemographic characteristics. Overall, 33·8% (95% CI 31·6–36%) of the population had hepatitis A antibodies. The seroprevalence was less than 10% in people under 35; it increased from 25% at 35 years to 85% at 79 years. For those 15–49 years of age, Turks (90·9%) and Moroccans (95·8%) had greater seroprevalence than autochthonous Dutch (20·2%) and other Western people (25%). Low or middle socio-economic status, as indicated by the highest educational level achieved, was associated with greater seroprevalence, independently of age and reported immunization (OR 2·11 and 1·45; 95% CI 1·67–2·67 and 1·11–1·89, respectively). These data suggest autochthonous Dutch and other Westerners born after World War II were exposed to hepatitis A during childhood less frequently than older birth cohorts. Thus, more susceptibility is likely in the coming decades. Since this means a greater risk of outbreaks in future years, and since morbidity and mortality are more frequent in older persons, studying the cost effectiveness of selective and general vaccination might be worthwhile.

Application of solid-phase immune electron microscopy to study physical and stability characteristics of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis virus

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Charles D. Humphrey ◽  
E. H. Cook ◽  
Karen A. McCaustland ◽  
Daniel W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Immune Electron Microscopy

Enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (ET-NANBH) is a type of hepatitis which is increasingly becoming a significant world health concern. As with hepatitis A virus (HAV), spread is by the fecal-oral mode of transmission. Until recently, the etiologic agent had not been isolated and identified. We have succeeded in the isolation and preliminary characterization of this virus and demonstrating that this agent can cause hepatic disease and seroconversion in experimental primates. Our characterization of this virus was facilitated by immune (IEM) and solid phase immune electron microscopic (SPIEM) methodologies.Many immune electron microscopy methodologies have been used for morphological identification and characterization of viruses. We have previously reported a highly effective solid phase immune electron microscopy procedure which facilitated identification of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in crude cell culture extracts. More recently we have reported utilization of the method for identification of an etiologic agent responsible for (ET-NANBH).

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