Prevalence of Clostridium perfringens , Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin and dysbiosis in fecal samples of dogs with diarrhea

By using counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP), Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin was successfully demonstrated in fecal samples collected within 1 day of attack from sick individuals involved in a bacteriologically and epidemiologically proven outbreak of C. perfringens food poisoning. In contrast, enterotoxin was not demonstrable in fecal samples of apparently healthy individuals both at high- and low-risk exposure to the organism and enterotoxin or in fecal samples collected 4 to 5 days after a food poisoning outbreak. A 100% prevalence of C. perfringens anti-enterotoxin in sera of human volunteers at high- as well as low-risk exposure to the organism and enterotoxin was recorded with CIEP.

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Localization of the receptor-binding region of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin utilizing cloned toxin fragments and synthetic peptides. The 30 C-terminal amino acids define a functional binding region

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(18)99124-6 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 266 (17) ◽

pp. 11037-11043

Author(s):

P.C. Hanna ◽

T.A. Mietzner ◽

G.K. Schoolnik ◽

B.A. McClane

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Clostridium Perfringens ◽

Receptor Binding ◽

Synthetic Peptides ◽

Binding Region ◽

Clostridium Perfringens Enterotoxin ◽

Terminal Amino ◽

Receptor Binding Region

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Innovative and Highly Sensitive Detection of Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin Based on Receptor Interaction and Monoclonal Antibodies

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins13040266 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 266

Author(s):

Thea Neumann ◽

Maren Krüger ◽

Jasmin Weisemann ◽

Stefan Mahrhold ◽

Daniel Stern ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Clostridium Perfringens ◽

Food Poisoning ◽

Receptor Interaction ◽

Clostridium Perfringens Enterotoxin ◽

Fast Detection ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Basic And Applied Research ◽

Highly Sensitive Detection

Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) regularly causes food poisoning and antibiotic-associated diarrhea; therefore, reliable toxin detection is crucial. To this aim, we explored stationary and mobile strategies to detect CPE either exclusively by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or, alternatively, by toxin-enrichment via the cellular receptor of CPE, claudin-4, and mAb detection. Among the newly generated mAbs, we identified nine CPE-specific mAbs targeting five distinct epitopes, among them mAbs recognizing CPE bound to claudin-4 or neutralizing CPE activity in vitro. In surface plasmon resonance experiments, all mAbs and claudin-4 revealed excellent affinities towards CPE, ranging from 0.05 to 2.3 nM. Integrated into sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), the most sensitive mAb/mAb and claudin-4/mAb combinations achieved similar detection limits of 0.3 pg/mL and 1.0 pg/mL, respectively, specifically detecting recombinant CPE from spiked feces and native CPE from 30 different C. perfringens culture supernatants. The implementation of mAb- and receptor-based ELISAs into a mobile detection platform enabled the fast detection of CPE, which will be helpful in clinical laboratories to diagnose diarrhea of assumed bacterial origin. In conclusion, we successfully employed an endogenous receptor and novel high affinity mAbs for highly sensitive and specific CPE-detection. These tools will be useful for both basic and applied research.

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Synthesis, 18F-labelling and radiopharmacological characterisation of the C-terminal 30mer of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin as a potential claudin-targeting peptide

Amino Acids ◽

10.1007/s00726-018-2657-9 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 219-244

Author(s):

Reik Löser ◽

Miriam Bader ◽

Manuela Kuchar ◽

Robert Wodtke ◽

Jens Lenk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clostridium Perfringens ◽

Clostridium Perfringens Enterotoxin ◽

Targeting Peptide ◽

18F Labelling

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Using More Than 1 (Path)Way to Kill a Host Cell: Lessons From Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin

Microbiology Insights ◽

10.1177/1178636120931518 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 117863612093151

Author(s):

Bruce McClane ◽

Archana Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Recent Work ◽

Clostridium Perfringens ◽

Caspase 3 ◽

Kinase Domain ◽

Intermediate Step ◽

Clostridium Perfringens Enterotoxin ◽

Mixed Lineage Kinase ◽

Intestinal Infections ◽

Apoptosis And Necrosis

Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) is responsible for the symptoms of common intestinal infections due to C. perfringens type F isolates. CPE is a pore-forming toxin that uses certain claudins as a receptor. Previous studies showed that, in enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells, low CPE concentrations cause caspase 3-mediated apoptosis but high CPE concentrations cause necrosis. The recent work published in mBio by Shrestha, Mehdizadeh Gohari, and McClane determined that RIP1 and RIP3 are involved in both CPE-mediated apoptosis and necrosis in Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, mixed lineage kinase-domain (MLKL) oligomerization was shown to be important for necrosis caused by CPE, identifying this necrosis as programmed necroptosis. In addition, calpain activation due to Ca2+ influx through the CPE pore was identified as a critical intermediate step for MLKL oligomerization and, thus, CPE-induced necroptosis. These findings may have applicability to understand the action of some other pore-forming toxins that induce necroptosis and may also be important for understanding CPE action in vivo.

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